Cleveland, Queensland

Cleveland Redland City,
The Cleveland CBD
Coordinates	27°32′S 153°16′E / 27.533°S 153.267°E / -27.533; 153.267Coordinates: 27°32′S 153°16′E / 27.533°S 153.267°E / -27.533; 153.267
Population	14,414 (2011)[1]
• Density	1,222/km2 (3,164/sq mi)
Established	1850
Postcode(s)	4163
Area	11.8 km2 (4.6 sq mi)
Location	25 km (16 mi) from Brisbane
LGA(s)	Redland City
State electorate(s)	Electoral district of Cleveland
Federal Division(s)	Division of Bowman
Suburbs around Cleveland: Ormiston Moreton Bay Moreton Bay Alexandra Hills Cleveland North Stradbroke Island Thornlands Thornlands Thornlands

Cleveland is a suburb located approximately 25 kilometres (16 mi) east-south-east of Brisbane, the capital of the Australian state of Queensland, and is the council seat for the Redland City local government area. It comprises commercial, residential and industrial areas.

As at the 2011 Census, Cleveland was estimated to be home to 14,414 people, with the majority of these of working age.^[1]

History

Cleveland Harbour

The Cleveland Point Light

There are conflicting reports as to the naming of Cleveland; it was either named in 1770 by Captain James Cook in honour of John Clevland, the Secretary of the Admiralty around the time,^[2] or by surveyors in the 1840s, in honour of William Vane, 1st Duke of Cleveland.^[3]

European settlement of Brisbane and surrounding areas was banned from 1824 until 1842, due to the Moreton Bay Penal Settlement, but the area to become Cleveland was first surveyed in 1840, and in 1841, was recommended for a maritime or seaport township. In 1847, the government planned for the new town, and on 13 December 1850, Cleveland was proclaimed a township.^[4] The first land sales of the new township took place a year later, with early purchases primarily around Cleveland Point, at the time an early candidate for a major port to replace Brisbane. Brisbane was troubled by sand bars across the mouth of the river, and Cleveland Point was closer to the southern passage (the entrance to Moreton Bay between North Stradbroke Island and Moreton Island). However, when Governor Sir George Gipps visited Cleveland Point, it is reported that upon disembarking his boat, he immediately sank into the mudflats up to his waist. He was so annoyed by this that he changed his mind and suggested Ipswich.^[2] A series of wrecking in the southern passage led to ships using the longer but safer northern entrance between Bribie and Moreton islands. This, and an unfortunate fire at the Cleveland jetty, removed any hopes for Cleveland.

In 1852, the first large buildings were built in Cleveland; what is now the Grand View Hotel, and the Old Courthouse, at the time a workers cottage. Farms sprang up; a brickworks was built at the point, and a wool store to handle shipping. The first mail service to Cleveland began in 1861, with the first school established at the same time. The wool store, unused because of Cleveland's failure as a port, was converted into a sawmill, which supplied timber to a shipyard built at the point. The population at this time was only 270.^[4] Tourism blossomed with the arrival of the first regular steamer service to Cleveland in 1864. The Cleveland Point Light was also constructed in 1864, and was only replaced in 1969.^[2] From this time, the most popular crop was sugar cane, until it was replaced by the popularity of fruits such as passion fruit and strawberries. A rail line to Cleveland was completed in 1889, and with it tourism, residential subdivisions and farming further grew in the area.^[3]

The rail line continued further than it does today, terminating at Cleveland Point - the existing Cleveland station was constructed later, for passenger use. The Redlands attracted farming families and became a district known for producing top quality fruits and vegetables with crops of strawberries, tomatoes, pineapples, custard apples, citrus fruits, bananas, herbs and vegetables grown very successfully. By the outbreak of World War I, the population in Cleveland had hit 540. However, in 1960, lack of demand ended the rail service to Cleveland, and it was only restored twenty years later, by which time the population of Cleveland was over 5000. The completion of the Leslie Harrison Dam allowed town water to be connected to the shire, with the majority of the town being serviced by 1970. Construction of the Raby Bay canal estate broke ground in 1983,^[5] and by 1992, the population of Cleveland was nearing 10,000.^[4]

Demographics

In the 2011 Census the population of Cleveland is 14,414, 52.5% female and 47.5% male.

The median/average age of the Cleveland population is 46 years of age, 9 years above the Australian average.

65.9% of people living in Cleveland were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 9.9%, New Zealand 6%, South Africa 2.1%, Scotland 1.4%, Germany 0.8%.

89.9% of people speak English as their first language 0.7% Mandarin, 0.6% German, 0.4% Cantonese, 0.3% Afrikaans, 0.3% Spanish.

Heritage listings

Cleveland has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

• Cross Street: St Pauls Anglican Church^[6]
• Lisa Street: Cleveland No.1 Cemetery^[7]
• 49 North Street: Grandview Hotel^[8]
• 1 Passage Street: Cleveland Police Station and Court House (former)^[9]
• 1 Paxton Street: Ye Olde Court House Restaurant^[10]
• 73 Shore Street East: Fernleigh^[11]
• 109 Shore Street North: Cleveland Hotel (former)^[12]
• 127 Shore Street North: Norfolk Island Pine Trees^[13]
• Shore Street North: Cleveland Point Light^[14]

Features

The Redlands Museum, viewed from the Cleveland Showgrounds

Major features of Cleveland include;

• The David Stuart's Estate
• Redland City Council Chambers;
• The Redland Hospital, including the Mater private hospital wing;
• Cleveland Industrial Estate;
• Raby Bay, a canal estate;
• Stradbroke Island Ferry Terminal, the most popular way to reach North Stradbroke Island;
• Cleveland Showgrounds, home to the Redlands Festival, Redlands United FC and many other events;
• The Cleveland Markets, held every Sunday morning;
• Cleveland State School and Cleveland State High School.
• Redland Museum
• Cleveland Point Light
• Cleveland Railway Line
• Strawberry Festival

Transport

Major access to Cleveland is provided by Finucane Road and Bloomfield Street, or the QR Citytrain line which terminates in Cleveland.

Cleveland railway station provides access to regular Citytrain services to Brisbane.

In January 2013, a Citytrain overran the bumper at the end of the line and crashed into the toilet block of the train station.^[15] Although initial impression were that the train's brakes had failed, the subsequent inquiry put the blame on the rails being made slippery by a combination of leaves, oil, and rain, possibly caused by a storm a few days earlier.^[16]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cleveland, Queensland.

• University of Queensland: Queensland Places: Cleveland and Cleveland Shire
• Redlands Tourism
• Redland Museum