Clavatulidae
| Clavatulidae | |
|---|---|
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| Five views of a shell of Clavatula carinifera | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Caenogastropoda clade Hypsogastropoda clade Neogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Conoidea |
| Family: | Clavatulidae Gray, 1853[1] |
| Genera | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Clavatulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Conoidea.[2] The family is not well differentiated morphologically.
Clavatulidae was raised, based on cladistic analysis, from subfamily to the family level by Rosenberg in 1998. It is no longer regarded as a subfamily of Turridae by several malacologists (Kantor, Sysoev).[3][4][5] This family has no subfamilies.
General characteristics
This family consists of species with a medium-sized to rather large, fusiform shell. The oblong, pointed spire is rather high. The aperture is oval and mostly white. The operculum has a medio-lateral nucleus. The siphonal canal varies between rather short (e.g. Pusionella compacta) to moderately long and slightly incurved (e.g. Fusiturris undatiruga). The anal sinus varies from very shallow to rather deep. The outer lip can be slightly incurved and serrated on its side. The subsutural ramp is usually well developed. The sculpture of the shell in this family shows various forms, going from a rather smooth surface (e.g. Gemmuloborsonia colorata) to being finely ribbed longitudinally and striated transversally. The stenoglossan radula has the formula 1-(1-R-1)-1 [3][6]
Genera
Genera in the family Clavatulidae include:
- Benthoclionella Kilburn, 1974
- Caliendrula Kilburn, 1985
- Clavatula Lamarck, 1801
- Clionella Gray, 1847
- ? Fusiturris Thiele, 1929
- ? Gemmuloborsonia Shuto, 1989
- Makiyamaia Kuroda, 1961
- Perrona Schumacher, 1817
- Pusionella Gray, 1847
- Scaevatula Gofas, 1990
- Tomellana Wenz, 1943
- Toxiclionella Powell, 1966
- Trachydrillia Nolf & Swinnen, 2010
- Turricula Schumacher, 1817
- Genera moved to other families
- Danilacarina Bozzetti, 1997 moved to Cochlespiridae
- Iwaoa Kuroda, 1953 moved to Horaiclavidae
- Genera brought into synonymy
- Melatoma Swainson, 1840 : synonym of Clionella Gray, 1847
- Netrum Philippi, 1850 : synonym of Pusionella Gray, 1847
- Surcula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of Turricula Schumacher, 1817
- Tomella Swainson, 1840 : synonym of Tomellana Wenz, 1943
- Tyrrhenoturris Coen, 1929: synonym of Fusiturris Thiele, 1929
Ecology
Species from family Clavatulidae are omnivores, predators and scavengers.[7]
References
- ↑ Gray J. E. (1853). "On the division of Ctenobranchous Gasteropodous Mollusca into larger groups and families". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (2)11: 124-133. Clavatulidae (spelled as Clavatulina) is on the page 128.
- ↑ Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia 47 (1-2).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 P. Bouchet, Yu. I. Kantor, A. Sysoev & N. Puillandre (2011). "A new operational classification of the Conoidea (Gastropoda)". Journal of Molluscan Studies 77 (3): 273–308. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyr017.
- ↑ World Register of Marine Species: Clavatulidae. accessed 1 April 2010.
- ↑ Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.
- ↑ George Washington Tryon, Manual of Conchology vol. VI Clavatulinae p. 228 ; 1884
- ↑ WoRMS (2009). Clavatulinae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2009) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153900 on 2010-04-01
External links
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