Chloramine-T

Chloramine-T
IUPAC name N-chloro 4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, sodium salt
Other names N-chloro para-toluenesulfonylamide, sodium chloro[(4-methyl phenyl)sulfonyl]azanide, chloramine-T
Identifiers
CAS number	127-65-1 Y, 7080-50-4 (trihydrate)
PubChem	10198484, 31388 (free acid)
ChemSpider	2876055 Y, 29119 (free acid)
UNII	328AS34YM6 N, 4IU6VSV0EI (trihydrate)
KEGG	D02445 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:53782 N
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1697734 N
ATC code	D08AX04,QP53AB04
Jmol-3D images	{{#if:[Na+].O=S(=O)([N-]Cl)c1ccc(cc1)C|Image 1
SMILES [Na+].O=S(=O)([N-]Cl)c1ccc(cc1)C
InChI InChI=1S/C7H8ClNO2S/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)12(10,11)9-8/h2-5,9H,1H3 N Key: NXTVQNIVUKXOIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N N InChI=1/C7H7ClNO2S.Na/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)12(10,11)9-8;/h2-5H,1H3;/q-1;+1 Key: VDQQXEISLMTGAB-UHFFFAOYAP
Properties
Molecular formula	C7H7ClNO2S·Na (3H2O)
Molar mass	227.64 g/mol in usual tri-hydrated form 282 Daltons.
Appearance	white powder
Density	1.4 g/cm³
Melting point	releases chlorine at 130 °C solid melts at 167–169 °C
Solubility in water	15% in water (25 °C) 7.5% in rectified spirit (20 °C) insoluble in benzene and ethers
Hazards
R-phrases	R22 R31 R34 R42
S-phrases	(S1/2) S7 S22 S26 S36/37/39 S45
Main hazards	Corrosive
N (verify) (what is: Y/N?) Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Tosylchloramide or N-chloro tosylamide, sodium salt, sold as chloramine-T, is a N-chlorinated and N-deprotonated sulfonamide used as a biocide and a mild disinfectant. It is a white powder that gives unstable solutions with water. Trade names of chloramine-T products include Chloraseptin, Chlorazol, Clorina, Disifin, Halamid, Hydroclonazone, Trichlorol, Minachlor, and generic Chloramin T or Tosylchloramide Sodium, among others.

Chemistry

As an N-chloro compound, it contains active (electrophilic) chlorine and can be compared to the O-chlorinated sodium hypochlorite. Chloramine-T is slightly basic (pH typically 8.5). In water, it breaks down to the disinfectant hypochlorite. It can be used as a source of electrophilic chlorine in organic synthesis.

The anionic sulfonamide is stabilized by delocalization of the nitrogen lone pair across the SO₂ group, facilitating deprotonation of the parent amine by bases such as hydroxide. It is readily biodegradable by use of ultraviolet (UV) light.

Synthesis

Chloramine-T is prepared from p-toluenesulfonamide and sodium hypochlorite, with the latter being produced in situ from sodium hydroxide and chlorine (Cl₂).^[1]

Use in iodination and radioiodination

Hypochlorite released from chloramine-T acts as an effective oxidizing agent for iodide to form iodine monochloride (ICl). ICl rapidly undergoes electrophilic substitution predominantly with activated aromatic rings, such as those of the amino acid tyrosine. Thus, chloramine-T is widely used for the incorporation of iodine to peptides and proteins. Chloramine-T together with iodogen or lactoperoxidase is commonly used for labeling peptides and proteins with radioiodine isotopes (¹²³I, ¹²⁵I or ¹³¹I).^[2]

Use as a biocide

Chloramine-T is available in tablet or powder form and has to be dissolved before use. It is sprayed on a surface and allowed to stand for at least 15 minutes before being wiped off or allowed to dry. It used in areas such as hospitals, laboratories, nursing homes, funeral homes, medical, dental and veterinary facilities, where control of pathogens is required, for disinfecting surfaces and soaking medical and dental equipment. The substance is also used for parasite control and for drinking water disinfection.

Chloramine-T is as an algicide, bactericide, virucide, fungicide (including spores), germicide. It is also effective against mycobacteria such as tuberculosis, foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza. The molecular structure of toluenesulfonylamide is similar to para-aminobenzoic acid, an intermediate in bacterial metabolism, which is disrupted by this sulfonamide (in the same way as by a sulfa drug). Therefore, chloramine-T is capable of inhibiting with bacterial growth with two mechanisms, with the phenylsulfonamide moiety and the hypochlorite, which destroys the DNA structure via oxidation and thereby prevents microbes from reproducing and reforming.

Certifications

• EN 1276 Bactericidal
• EN 13713 Bactericidal
• EN 14675 Virucidal
• EN 14476 Virucidal Norovirus
• EN 1650 Fungicidal
• EN 13704 Sporicidal Clostridium difficile

References

External links

• Chemicalland21.com: Chloramine T (Tosylchloramide sodium)
• InChem.org: Chloramine T
• "Disifin USA". Retrieved 2010-02-09.