Chlef
| Chlef الشلف | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
 | |
 | |
  Chlef | |
| Coordinates: 36°13′N 1°20′E / 36.217°N 1.333°ECoordinates: 36°13′N 1°20′E / 36.217°N 1.333°E | |
| Country |
 Algeria |
| Province | Chlef Province |
| Elevation | 114 m (374 ft) |
| Population (2008)[1] | |
| • Total | 178,616 |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) |
Chlef (Arabic: الشلف) is the capital of Chlef Province, Algeria. It is home to the soccer club ASO Chlef, the Hassiba Ben Bouali university, and the basilica of Saint Reparatus, which is home to the oldest Christian labyrinth in the world.
The province of Chlef is located in the north of Algeria, 200 kilometres (120 mi) west of the capital Algiers. In 1962 the city was renamed Al-Asnam, and then Chlef in 1980, derived from the name of the longest river in Algeria.
Geography
Chlef lies in a valley at an elevation of 114 metres (374 ft) between two ranges of hills to the north and west. The city is surrounded by farmland; there are scattered trees both in the valley and on the hills.
Climate
Chlef has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with very hot, dry summers and mild, moist winters.
| Climate data for Chlef | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 15.6 (60.1) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
22.2 (72) |
26.9 (80.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
37.3 (99.1) |
37.1 (98.8) |
32.9 (91.2) |
26.5 (79.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.0 (60.8) |
25.32 (77.57) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.8 (76.6) |
29.0 (84.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
25.5 (77.9) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
18.86 (65.93) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 5.5 (41.9) |
6.2 (43.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.8 (69.4) |
18.1 (64.6) |
14.0 (57.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.3 (43.3) |
12.32 (54.17) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 43.4 (1.709) |
56.7 (2.232) |
39.3 (1.547) |
39.9 (1.571) |
34.0 (1.339) |
10.5 (0.413) |
1.8 (0.071) |
6.0 (0.236) |
11.5 (0.453) |
51.3 (2.02) |
53.0 (2.087) |
61.9 (2.437) |
409.3 (16.115) |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[2] | |||||||||||||
Transportation
Chlef has a station on the Algiers-Oran railway line. The city is served by Chlef International Airport.
Al-Asnam and the Ouled Kosseir
The site of the Roman citadel, Castellum Tingitanum, was known as Al-Asnam (Arabic for "sculptures") for an area of 600 by 300 metres (1,970 by 980 feet) containg many statues.
Chellif Valley was from the 15th century the territory of the Bedouin Ouled Kosseir, who settled there under the leadership of Hamou El Kosseir (H'ammü'l-Quççayri) having displaced the indigenous Berber tribes. This tribe is a tribal Djouadi (military nobility). If they even call themselves descendants of the Beni Makhzum (Either Khaled Ibn El Walid). Some historians believe that it belongs to the Confederation of Ibn Suwayd Zoghba of Beni Hillal and therefore cousins of Mehal, other military nobility.
Documents of the French army and other historians speak of "most powerful and wealthy tribes' in the Chellif Valley in 1830,[citation needed] with more than 500,000 hectares of very fertile land and more than 19,000 soldiers. The Ouled Kosseir participated in the moubayâa of the Emir Abdelkader, and their territory was granted under the Treaty of Tafna.
After the defeat of the Emir and his allies, their lands were in large part confiscated and distributed among settlers and other indigenous people, including Medjadja, marabouts who supported the French army on arrival.
The French Administration of Napoleon III, under the "Arab kingdom", tried to honor the leaders of the Ouled Kosseir as it does at that time, all with Djouadi. As such, some were decorated with the Legion of Honour (or Med Foudad Kharoubi Ben Ben Bia).
The last Kaid (tribal leader) with the arrival of the French army was Foudad Ben Adda, who served during 1867 on the city council of the municipality of Orleansville. He was also a member of the General Council of Algiers until his death in 1869.
Orléansville
In 1843 Maréchal Bugeaud founded the city of Orléansville at the modern site of Chlef. A Christian basilica dating back to the reign of the Emperor Constantine was discovered here, with an elaborate mosaic. This is the oldest church to be found in Africa.[citation needed]
The town was located at the confluence of the Chlef River and the Tsighaout River. The town developed due to the harsh climate, one of the hottest in northern Algeria.
On the night of 8/9 September 1954, the town was almost completely destroyed by an earthquake with over 1,500 fatalities affecting people as far as 70 kilometres (43 mi) away.
At that time the town had a population of 44,400 inhabitants.[citation needed] It was the home of the Algerian Division of the artistic group Lettrist International (LI), some of whom died in the earthquake. Mohamed Dahou survived and went on to become involved in the Situationist International. The LI described the town as "the most lettrist city in the world".[citation needed]
References
- ↑ "Algeria - largest cities". World Gazeteer. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
- ↑ "Climate Normals for Chlef". Retrieved 11 February 2013.
External links
- (French) A website about colonial Chlef
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