Chittoor district

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This article is about the district. For its eponymous headquarters, see Chittoor.
Chittoor district
district
Sree Venkateswaraswamy Temple in Tirumala,Tirupathi
Chittoor district
Coordinates: 13°12′N 79°07′E / 13.200°N 79.117°E / 13.200; 79.117Coordinates: 13°12′N 79°07′E / 13.200°N 79.117°E / 13.200; 79.117
District Chittoor
State Andhra Pradesh
Region Rayalaseema
Headquarters Chittoor
Area
 • Total 15,359 km2 (5,930 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 4,170,468
 • Density 275/km2 (710/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Telugu
Time zone IST (UTC+5:30)
ISO 3166 code IN-AP-PR
Website www.chittoor.nic.in
Archaean rocks formations of Tirumala Hills make a look alike shape of Garuda

Chittoor District  pronunciation (help·info) also known as Chittur, is a district of India's Andhra Pradesh state in the Rayalaseema region. The district headquarters is Chittoor City. The district has a population of 4,170,468 according to 2011 census of India,[1] nearly equal to the population of Liberia. Chittoor district is famous for the Tirupati, Kanipakam and Sri Kalahasti temples. It lies in the Poini river valley of southernmost Andhra Pradesh, on the NH4 Bangalore–Chennai highway. It is a major market center for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. Major industries around the city are Amaron Batteries, nation's leading automobile batteries, and Nutrine Confectioneries, a major chocolate/candies producer, and this city is one of the major granite and mango pulp producing centers of India.

Etymology

The word Chittoor comes from chittroor (meaning "small town") in Tamil language and also from chittadavula ooru ("dense forest" in Telugu).

History

Chittoor District was formed on 1 April 1911, taking Chittoor, Palamaneru, Chandragiri from the then North Arcot District of Tamil Nadu and Madanapalli, Vayalpadu from Cuddapah and Punganur, Sri Kalahasti, Karvetinagar from Zamindari provinces to form united Chittoor district. Later in the late 1960s about 280 villages of chittoor district were added into the then Kanchipuram district and Thiruvallur districts of Tamil Nadu through the demands of Ma. Po. Si. and other leaders.

Geography

Chittoor is a part of Rayalaseema.[2] The district occupies an area of 15,359 square kilometres (5,930 sq mi),[3] comparatively equivalent to Svalbard's Nordaustlandet.[4] The district is bounded by Anantapur District to the northwest, Cuddapah District to the north, Nellore District to the northeast, Krishnagiri District, Vellore District and Tiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu state to the south, and Kolar District of Karnataka state to the west. Chittoor district lies extreme south of the Andhra Pradesh state approximately between 12°37′ - 14°8′ north latitudes and 78°3′ - 79°55′ east longitudes. Thirty percent of the total land area is covered by forests in the district.[5] Mango and tamarind groves surround the city of Chittoor, and cattle are raised in the district. The soils in the district constitute red loamy 57%, red sandy 34% and the remaining 9% is covered by black clay black loamy, black sandy and red clay[5]

Chittoor is around 180KM from Bangalore, around 160KM from Chennai, and around 590KM from Hyderabad, state capital and around 1800KM from National capital Delhi.

Hydrology

The important rivers in the district are Ponnai and Swarnamukhi rivers which originate in eastern ghats. Other rivers include Kusasthali, Beema, Bahuda, Pincha, Kalyani, Araniyar and Pedderu. None of the rivers are perennial. Rivers include:

  • Swarnamukhi
  • Kalangi
  • Papaghni
  • Koundinya
  • Paleru
  • Arani
  • Pinchcha
  • Cheyyeru
  • Neeva
  • Kusasthali

Climate

The temperature in the western parts of the district like Punganur, Madanapalle, Horsley Hills are relatively lower than the eastern parts of the Chittoor District. This is because of the higher altitude of the western parts compared to the eastern parts. The summer temperatures touches 46°C in the eastern parts whereas in the western parts it ranges around 36º to 38°C. Similarly the winter temperatures of the western parts are relatively low ranging around 12°C to 14°C and in eastern parts it is 16°C to 18°C.[6]

Chittoor District receives an annual rainfall of 918.1 mm. The South West Monsoon and North East Monsoon are the major sources of rainfall for the district. On average the district receives 438.0 mm of rainfall through the South West Monsoon (From June to September) and 396.0 mm from North East Monsoon (From October to December). The rainfall received by the district in the years 2002 and 2003 are 984.2 mm and 934 mm respectively.[7]

Image Gallery

  • Tirupati-Town

  • Padmavati ammavari koneru at tirucanuru near Tirupati

  • Kapilatheertam in Tirupathi

  • Sri Kala Hasti

  • Tirumala Overview

  • Puttur Town

  • Talayeru gumdu at Alipiri

  • Raaja mudra of vijayanagar empire at Alipiri Gopuram in Tirupathi

  • ChandraGiri Fort - Raja Palace

  • Kanipakam Temple view Chittor Andhrapradesh

  • Thirumala Musical Fountain

  • Mokallamitta Gopuram Tirumala, Andhra Pradesh

  • Spotted Deer at deer park Tirumala Hills

Economy

In 2006 the Indian government named Chittoor one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[8] It is one of the thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[8]

Household indicators

In 2007–2008 the International Institute for Population Sciences interviewed 1010 households in 38 villages across the district.[9] They found that 92.7% had access to electricity, 99.6% had drinking water, 33.3% toilet facilities, and 53.8% lived in a pucca (permanent) home.[9] 29.3% of girls wed before the legal age of 18[10] and 88.2% of interviewees carried a BPL card.[9]

Divisions

Assembly Constituencies

There are 14 Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly MLA constituencies in Chittoor district.[11] They are

  1. Chandragiri MLA NAME - Srimathi Galla Aruna Kumari (Indian National Congress)
  2. Chittoor MLA NAME - C K Babu (Indian National Congress)
  3. G.D.Nellore (Gangadhara Nellore) MLA NAME - Dr. Kuthuhallama (Indian National Congress)
  4. Kuppam MLA NAME - Sri Nara Chandra Babu Naidu (Ex Chief Minister Of Andhra Pradesh) (Telugu Desam Party)
  5. Madanapalle MLA NAME - Sri Mohammed Shahjahan Basha (Jaha) (Indian National Congress)
  6. Nagari MLA NAME - Sri Gali Muddu Krishnama Naidu (Telugu Desam Party)
  7. PalamanerEx MLA NAME - Sri Amarnath Reddy (YSR Congress Party)
  8. Pileru MLA NAME - Sri N. Kiran Kumar Reddy (Chief Minister of Andhra pradesh) (Indian National Congress)
  9. Punganur Ex MLA NAME- SRI PEDDI REDDY RAMACHANDRA REDDY (ysr Congress party)
  10. PuthalapattuMLA NAME - Sri Ravi (Indian National Congress)
  11. Satyavedu MLA NAME - Smt Hemalatha (Telugu Desam Party)
  12. Srikalahasti MLA NAME - Sri Bojjala Gopala krishna Reddy (Telugu Desam Party)
  13. Thamballapalle and Ex MLA Sri Praveen Kumar Reddy (YSR congress Party)
  14. Tirupati MLA NAME - Sri Karunakara Reddy (YSR Congress Party)

Political divisions

There are 66 Mandals in Chittoor district.[12]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Chittoor district has a population of 4,170,468,[13] roughly equal to the nation of Lebanon[14] or the US state of Kentucky.[15] This gives it a ranking of 47th in India (out of a total of 640) and 6th in its state.[13] The district has a population density of 275 inhabitants per square kilometre (710 /sq mi) .[13] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 11.33%.[13] Chittoor has a sex ratio of 1002 females for every 1000 males,[13] and a literacy rate of 72.36%.[13]

The population of Chittoor District according to 1991 census was 32.5 lakhs with density of 214/km².

Telugu is the native language in the district. Urdu is second official language in the district[16] while Tamil is spoken by a significant amount of people in the eastern mandals of the district.

Culture

 FAMOUS FESTIVALS 
  * Tirupathi Gangamma jatara celebrated in the district during the Month of May coinciding Tamil month Chithirai.  The festival is celabrated about the killing of a vassal by the Gangamma.  In Tirupati the festival is celebrated in a grand scale.
*Kanuma festival during sankranti is celabrated in a grand scale with bulls decorated and paraded in the streets and also in some parts the bulls are chased.
===Notable people===
  • Chittor V. Nagaiah, Renowned Film actor, Director.
  • Jiddu Krishnamurti, Philosopher.
  • Madabhushi Ananthasayanam Ayyangar, first Deputy Speaker and second Speaker of Lok Sabha
  • Madhurantakam Rajaram, Writer, sahitya academy award winner
  • Mohan Babu a.k.a Bhaktavatsalam Naidu, Film actor
  • N. Kiran Kumar Reddy, Chief Minister of A.P.
  • Nara Chandrababu Naidu, Ex-Chief Minister of A.P.
  • P. Chinnamma Reddy, was a prominent politician, known for building P.C.R. Junior College and Krishnavani Junior College and for establishing the Chittoor cooperative sugar factory
  • Pratap C Reddy, Appolo Hospitals Founder.
  • Raj Reddy, a Computer Scientist and winner of Turing Award
  • Sir C.R. Reddy, Educationalist, Founder & Vice-chancellor of Andhra University
  • Noorabdul Rrahaman Khan, Founder General Secretary of "Akhand Bharatheeya Aawaaz" National Political Party.

Hindu temples

  • Tirumala Sri Venkateswara Temple on Seven Hills at Tirumala is a world famous temple.
  • Sri Govinda Raajula Swamy Temple in Tirupati
  • Sri Kodanda Raama Swamy Temple is another important temple at Tirupati.
  • Sri Padmavati Ammavaari Temple, in Tirucanuru Village near Tirupati
  • Sri Kalyana Venkateswara Swamy Temple Near Tirupati
  • Appalaaya Gunta Sri Prasanna Venkateswara Temple, at Appalaya Gunta near Tirupati
  • Sri Kalahastiswara Swamy Temple, at Srikaalahasti
  • Sri Vedanaarayana Swamy Temple, at Nagalapuram
  • Sri Varasiddhi Vinayaka Temple, at Kaanipakam

Education

Municipal Corporation of Tirupati in Chittoor District is renowned for education, and stands first in the entire Rayalaseema region. Tirupati is home to multiple institutions of higher learning. Sri Venkateswara University, AP's first women's university Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam, Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha, Sree Vidyanikethan Educational Trust are located in Tirupati. Additionally Tirupati urban area is home to several colleges and educational institutions. Apart from Tirupati, Chittoor District has numerous colleges imparting professional courses. Kuppam in Chittoor District has the 'Dravidian University',[17] a one of its kind university.

Chittoor district is also home to the prestigious National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) of the Department of Space. The lab is involved in carrying out fundamental and applied research in Atmospheric and Space Sciences.

See also

  • List of Hindu temples in Chittoor district

References

  1. ↑ "Census of India 2011". http://censusindia.gov.in. 
  2. ↑ "The District Of Seven Hills - Tirumala". 
  3. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Andhra Pradesh: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1111–1112. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7. 
  4. ↑ "Island Directory Tables: Islands by Land Area". United Nations Environment Program. 1998-02-18. Retrieved 2011-10-11. "Nordaustlandet 14,467" 
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "National Informatics Center, Chittoor". Chittoor.nic.in. 2005-06-28. Retrieved 4 November 2012. 
  6. ↑ "Chittoor district". Atmachittoor.com. Retrieved 2012-11-04. 
  7. ↑ "Irrigation". Irrigation.cgg.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-11-04. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme". National Institute of Rural Development. Retrieved September 27, 2011. 
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3), 2007-08: India. Andhra Prades" (PDF). International Institute for Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2010. Retrieved 2011-10-03. 
  10. ↑ "How Do I? : Obtain Marriage Certificate". National Portal Content Management Team, National Informatics Centre. 2005. Retrieved 2011-10-03. "To be eligible for marriage, the minimum age limit is 21 for males and 18 for females." 
  11. ↑ "District-wise Assembly-Constituencies in Andhra Pradesh". Ceoandhra.nic.in. Retrieved 2012-11-04. 
  12. ↑ "APOnline.Chittoor factfile". Aponline.gov.in. Retrieved 2012-11-04. 
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30. 
  14. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. "Lebanon 4,143,101 July 2011 est." 
  15. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. "Kentucky 4,339,367" 
  16. ↑ "Language in India". Language in India. Retrieved 2012-08-08. 
  17. ↑ http://www.grotal.com/e/Dravidian-University-Kuppam-C2158

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chittoor district.
Anantapur district Cuddapah district Nellore district
Chikkaballapura district, Karnataka
Kolar district, Karnataka
  Chittoor district  
Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu Vellore district, Tamil Nadu Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu
Topics
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Cities, towns and locations in Chittoor district
Cities, municipal
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Locations
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See also
  • People from Chittoor district
  • Villages in Chittoor district
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