Cherdyn, Perm Krai
| Cherdyn (English) Чердынь (Russian) Чердін (Komi) | |
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.svg.png) Location of Perm Krai in Russia | |
  Cherdyn | |
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| Administrative status (as of 2010) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Perm Krai[1] |
| Administrative district | Cherdynsky District[1] |
| Administrative center of | Cherdynsky District[1] |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 4,920 inhabitants[1] |
| Time zone | YEKT (UTC+06:00)[2] |
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Cherdyn (Russian: Че́рдынь; Komi: Чердін) is a town and the administrative center of Cherdynsky District of Perm Krai, Russia. It lies on the Kolva River. Population: 4,920 (2010 Census);[1] 5,756 (2002 Census);[3] 6,535 (1989 Census).[4]
History
Local authorities advertise Cherdyn to tourists as the capital of the ancient Principality of Great Perm.[5][6] This information is based on an 1835 study by the Swedish historian A.M. Strinnholm[7] and one in 1815 by the famous Russian author Nikolay Karamzin.[8] Strinnholm mentioned that the last trip of Scandinavian Vikings to Bjarmia (aka the Great Perm) happened in 1222. Four well-equipped ships of Haakon IV of Norway burned Bjarmian towns to the ground.
After that, the fur trade between the Great Perm and Western Europe was possible via only the Russian Novgorod Republic, which became a suzerain of all the Northern Russia. After the centralization of Russian principalities by the Grand Dukes of Moscow, the princes of Perm, who already had Russian names, became their vassals as well as answering to Novgorod. Great Perm–Cherdyn supplied a great deal of silver paid as tribute of Moscow, which in turn paid the Golden Horde. Tension between Moscow and Novgorod led to a war of 1471, after which the defeated Novgorod Republic was annexed by the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The next year (1472) Cherdyn, Pokcha, and all other towns of Great Perm also became the prizes of conquest. The main fort of the Muscovites was built in Pokcha, another town located 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) to the north of Cherdyn). It was burned by indigenous tribes in the beginning of the 16th century.
Cherdyn, as well as all of Perm, was still governed by the dynasty of local Great Perm princes until 1505. After that, the Tsar sent a governor from Moscow, and he chose Cherdyn as his residence. In 1535, Cherdyn was granted town rights, but following the Russian conquest of Siberia, the town quickly lost its significance.
Climate
Cherdyn has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), with very cold winters and warm summers. Precipitation is moderate and is somewhat higher in summer and fall than at other times of the year.
| Climate data for Cherdyn | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −17.3 (0.9) |
−14.2 (6.4) |
−6.4 (20.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
7.7 (45.9) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−13.3 (8.1) |
0.27 (32.49) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 49.7 (1.957) |
33.8 (1.331) |
35.8 (1.409) |
44.7 (1.76) |
52.8 (2.079) |
66.5 (2.618) |
86.2 (3.394) |
72.9 (2.87) |
69.3 (2.728) |
72.5 (2.854) |
73.0 (2.874) |
59.3 (2.335) |
716.5 (28.209) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1.0mm) | 14.3 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 12.1 | 14.5 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 140.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 38 | 74 | 144 | 195 | 271 | 294 | 289 | 225 | 120 | 51 | 36 | 14 | 1,751 |
| Source: NOAA (1961-1990)[9] | |||||||||||||
Notable people
In the 20th century, Cherdyn was the town to which the poet Osip Mandelstam was sentenced to internal exile with his wife Nadezhda in 1934, by the government of Joseph Stalin.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. 2011. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
- ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Постановление №725 от 31 августа 2011 г. «О составе территорий, образующих каждую часовую зону, и порядке исчисления времени в часовых зонах, а также о признании утратившими силу отдельных Постановлений Правительства Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу по истечении 7 дней после дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Российская Газета", №197, 6 сентября 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011 On the Composition of the Territories Included into Each Time Zone and on the Procedures of Timekeeping in the Time Zones, as Well as on Abrogation of Several Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation. Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication.).
- ↑ "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек" [Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. May 21, 2004. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ Demoscope Weekly (1989). "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров." [All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. Retrieved February 9, 2012.
- ↑ "Article on Great Perm"
- ↑ "Article on Cherdyn"
- ↑ A.M. Strinnholm. Svenska folkets historia fran aldesta till narvarande tider, 1835.
- ↑ N.M. Karamzin, History of the Russian State, 1815.
- ↑ "Climate Normals for Cerdyn'". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 19, 2013.
Bibliography
- Brumfield, William. Cherdyn: Architectural Heritage in Photographs, (Moscow: Tri Kvadrata, 2007) ISBN 978-5-94607-074-4 (in English and in Russian)
External links
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