Charles Kanaina

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Charles Kanaʻina
Spouse Miriam Auhea Kekāuluohi
Issue
William Charles Lunalilo
Father Eia
Mother Kauwa
Born 1801
Napoʻopoʻo, Hawaii
Died March 13, 1877(1877-03-13)
Honolulu, Oahu
Burial March 29, 1877[1]
Kawaiahaʻo Church
Kanaʻina and his son Lunalilo.

Charles Kanaʻina (1801–1877) was a Hawaiian noble during the Kingdom of Hawaii, and father of King William Charles Lunalilo.

Life

Kanaʻina was born circa 1801. His parents were nobility (aliʻi) who were from the non-ruling elite. His father was chief Eia Kamakakaualiʻi and his mother Kauwa. His mother's maternal grandparent were the High Chief Kauhi-a-Haki, descendant of King Piʻilani of Maui and High Chiefess ʻIliki-a-Moana of Hawaii, the granddaughter of King Keakealanikane of Hawaii. [2]:48[3]:29[4]:38 He was named Kanaʻina, after a nickname of his uncle Kalaimanokahoʻowaha,[5] (the chief who was drawn by artist John Webber) and who later is reputed to have killed Captain James Cook.[6] In the Hawaiian language, ka naʻina means "the conquering".[7]

Kanaʻina married Miriam Auhea Kekāuluohi, who had been one of several wives of both Kamehameha I and Kamehameha II. However, under the influence of Christian missionaries, Kamehameha II renounced all his other wives except one. Kekāuluohi was then free to marry Kanaʻina after they both took Christian first names.[8] They had at least one son, and perhaps other children. The couple were hānai parents to Queen Kalama (his maternal niece), the wife of Kamehameha III, and their second son Keaweaweulaokalani II.[9]

Kanaʻina served as a member of the House of Nobles (upper house of the legislature) of Kamehameha III from 1841 to 1876, on the Privy Council from July 29, 1845 to 1855, and on the Supreme Court from when it was first founded on May 10, 1842.[10] In the tradition of European royalty, he was granted the style (manner of address) of "highness".[11] His son William Charles Lunalilo was born on January 31, 1835, became last of the House of Keōua Nui to reign as King of Hawaii in 1873, but died one year later on February 3, 1874 .

Kanaʻina died March 13, 1877 in Honolulu, Oahu and was buried at Kawaiahaʻo Church in the Lunalilo Mausoleum, next to his wife and son who had both died before him.[12]

Legacy

Kanaʻina had acted as trustee of the royal lands inherited from his wife while his son was a minor, and after his son's death. However, when Kanaʻina died, the court appointed Sanford B. Dole, John Mott-Smith, and Edwin O. Hall as trustees. There were a total of nine original trustees, 6 of which would take part in the militia that overthrew the monarchy and would also take part in the new provisional government. Dole himself had been on the record as supporting the break up of crown lands to promote American style farming in his newspaper in 1872. Various lawsuits ensued over the property including a suit questioning the validity of the will due to Lunalilo being under the guardianship of his father when he made it out. Lunalilo had requested in his will to use the estate to fund a charity. The trustees favored splitting up the estate by selling it off, while others claimed the value of land was underestimated, and an endowment to run the charity could have been funded by lease income.[13] For example, Kanaʻina leased (and later his heirs would sell) thousands of acres of land on the island of Hawaii to businessman (and son of missionaries) William Herbert Shipman.[14]

Kanaina probate

Kanaina died intestate, which began probate proceedings for his estate that were litigated for four years, between 1877 and 1881 and re-affirmed in 1886.[15] Claimants from the line of Moana made petitions to the court under the act of 1874 to quite land titles. The act was later deemed unconstitutional and a new decree of heirship was made. By December of 1879 disbursement of land in trust with W.C Parks and owned by heirs could not be agreed upon for settlement of the property. Most supported the sale of the lands, so an order was made and all land sold at auction.[16] Ruth Keelikōlani purchased a portion of the land and later willed it to Bernice Pauahi Bishop after her death.

Final adjudication of heirs found nine parties, most of whom were descended from Moana and her four husbands, as heirs to the Kanaina estate with some of lesser relationship. The Kanaina probate records include a great deal of information from the 4 years of litigation. A great number of people petitioned the courts to claim title as heir.[17] Final list of heirs includes Bernice Pauahi Bishop, receiving two - 1/9th shares amounting to $12,706.86. Ruth Keelikōlani, received a 1/9th share equaling $6,353.43. The remaining shares were divided equally in 1/9th shares, as Ruth's was, and distributed to Haalilio and Haalelea, Kilinahe (Kanaina's first cousin[18]) and 5 other parties.[19]

Named for the figure

The Hawaii public archives building, built in 1906 on the ʻIolani Palace grounds, was named the Kanaʻina building.[7] It is located at 21°18′22″N 157°51′28″W / 21.30611°N 157.85778°W / 21.30611; -157.85778 (Kanaina Building).[20] It held state offices in the 1950s, added as a contributing property of the Hawaii Capital Historic District and then was restored to be used for the Friends of ʻIolani Palace in 1990.[21] A Kanaina Avenue is named for him, located at 21°16′16″N 157°48′48″W / 21.27111°N 157.81333°W / 21.27111; -157.81333 (Kanaina Avenue) between Kapiʻolani Park and Diamond Head.[7]

Family tree

Kekuiapoiwa II
 
 
 
Keōua
 
 
Kamakaeheikuli
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kalākua Kaheiheimālie
 
Kalaʻimamahu
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nohomualani
 
Moana Wahine
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Kamehameha I
(The Great)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eia
 
Kauwa
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liholiho
Kamehameha II
 
 
 
Kekāuluohi
Kaʻahumanu III
 
 
 
Charles Kanaʻina
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William Charles
Lunalilo
 

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charles Kanaina.
  1. ↑ David W. Forbes, ed. (2001). Hawaiian national bibliography, 1780-1900 3. University of Hawaii Press. p. 641. ISBN 0-8248-2503-9. 
  2. ↑ McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea; Stagner, Ishmael W. (1983). Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers 1. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-939154-28-5. 
  3. ↑ McKinzie, Edith Kawelohea; Stagner, Ishmael W. (1986). Hawaiian Genealogies: Extracted from Hawaiian Language Newspapers 2. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 0-939154-37-4. 
  4. ↑ Young, Kanalu G. Terry (1998). Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8153-3120-9. 
  5. ↑ Abraham Fornander and John F. G. Stokes (1880). An Account of the Polynesian Race 1. Trubner & co. pp. 87, 193. 
  6. ↑ Sheldon Dibble (1843). History of the Sandwich Islands. Lahainaluna: Press of the Mission Seminary. p. 61. 
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Mary Kawena Pukui, Samuel Hoyt Elbert and Esther T. Mookini (2004). "lookup of Kana'ina ". in Place Names of Hawai'i. Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library, University of Hawaii Press. Retrieved December 16, 2010. 
  8. ↑ Kapiikauinamoku (1955). "Kaleimamahu Married Prior to His Priesthood: The House of Keoua-Kaleimamahu—2". in The Story of Hawaiian Royalty (The Honolulu Advertiser, Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library). Retrieved December 16, 2010. 
  9. ↑ Katharine Luomala, University of Hawaii (1987). "Reality and Fantasy: The Foster Child in Hawaiian Myths and Customs". Pacific Studies. Brigham Young University Hawaii Campus. p. 26. 
  10. ↑ "Kanaina, Charles office record". state archives digital collections. state of Hawaii. Retrieved December 16, 2010. 
  11. ↑ Kapiikauinamoku (1955). "Additional Investitures Made By Kamehamehas". in The Story of Hawaiian Royalty (The Honolulu Advertiser, Ulukau, the Hawaiian Electronic Library). Retrieved December 16, 2010. 
  12. ↑ David W. Forbes (2001). "Kanaina, Charles, Funeral". Hawaiian National Bibliography, 1780-1900: 1851-1880. University of Hawaii Press. p. 641. ISBN 978-0-8248-2503-4. 
  13. ↑ Jon M. Van Dyke (2008). "The Lunalilo Trust". Who owns the Crown lands of Hawaii?. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 324–331. ISBN 978-0-8248-3211-7. 
  14. ↑ Emmett Cahill (1996). The Shipmans of East Hawaii. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 152. ISBN 0-8248-1680-3. 
  15. ↑ Hawaii. Supreme Court (1897). Reports of Decisions Rendered by the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Islands. H.L. Sheldon. pp. 423–. 
  16. ↑ Hawaii reports : cases determined in the Supreme Court of the Territory of Hawaii. 1905. pp. 448–. 
  17. ↑ Kanalu G. Terry Young (1998). Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past. Taylor & Francis. pp. 153–. ISBN 978-0-8153-3120-9. 
  18. ↑ Hawaii. Supreme Court (1893). Reports of Decisions Rendered by the Supreme Court of the Hawaiian Islands. H.L. Sheldon. pp. 626–. 
  19. ↑ United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Indian Affairs (Febuary 1978). "Statement by Joseph Kalani Puahi Kilinahe Hatchie". Inclusion of native Hawaiians in certain Indian acts and programs : hearings before the United States Senate, Select Committee on Indian Affairs, Ninety-fifth Congress, second session, on S. 857 ... S. 859 ... S. 860, February 13-15, 1978. United States Senate, Select Committee on Indian Affairs. Kailua, Kona, Hawaii: Washington : U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1978. pp. 295 – 296. Retrieved 6 February 2014. 
  20. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kanaina Building
  21. ↑ "Old Archives (Kanaina Building)". Mason Architects web site. Retrieved December 16, 2010. 
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