Chandi Prasad Bhatt

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Chandi Prasad Bhatt (चंडी प्रसाद भट्ट) (born 1934) is an Indian Gandhian environmentalist and social activist, who founded Dasholi Gram Swarajya Sangh (DGSS) in Gopeshwar in 1964, which later became a mother-organization to the Chipko Movement, in which he was one of the pioneers, and for which he has been awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership in 1982, followed by the Padma Bhushan in 2005.[1][2] Today he is known for his work on subaltern social ecology, and considered one of India's first modern environmentalist.[3]

Early life

Chandi Prasad Bhatt was born on 23 June 1934, as the second child of Ganga Ram Bhatt and Maheshi Devi Thapliyal, in a family of priests to the Rudranath Temple in Gopeshwar, one of the "Panch Kedar", the five Himalayan temples dedicated to Shiva, the most venerated amongst them being the Kedarnath Temple.[1] His father who was a farmer, and a priest at a Famous shiva temple at Gopeshwar and the Rudranath Temple, died when Chandi Prasad was still an infant, thereafter he was raised by his mother, in Gopeshwar, Chamoli District of Uttarakhand in India, which was still a very small village. He did his schooling in Rudraprayag and Pauri, but stopped before he could take a degree.[4]

Career

Farmland was scarce in the overpopulated mountains, and so were jobs. Like most men of the mountain villages, Chandi Prasad taught art to children for a year to support his mother, before eventually forced to work in the plains. He joined the Garhwal Motor Owners Union (GMOU) as a booking clerk, posted at various places including, Rishikesh, Pipalkoti and Karnaprayag.

In 1956, Bhatt found hope when he heard a speech by the Gandhian leader Jayaprakash Narayan, who was on a tour of the area. Bhatt and other young people launched themselves into the Sarvodaya movement and Gandhian campaigns, of Bhoodan and Gramdan and organising villages for economic development and fighting liquor abuse throughout the Uttarakhand.[5]

In 1960, he left his job at GMOU, to commit full-time to his Sarvodaya activities, and by 1964, Bhatt had instituted the Dasholi Gram Swarajya Mandal (Society for Village Self-Rule) to organize fellow villagers in Gopeshwar for employment near their homes in forest-based industries, making wooden implements from ash trees and gathering and marketing herbs for ayurvedic medicine-and to combat vice and exploitation.

Curtailment of the villagers' legitimate rights to trees and forest products in favor of outside commercial interests enabled Bhatt, in 1973, to mobilize the forest-wise society members and villagers into the collective Chipko Andolan (Hug the Trees Movement) to force revision of forest policies dating from 1917. Women, who regularly walk three to five miles to the forest to gather and carry home fuel and fodder on their backs, took the lead. True to the movement's non-violent philosophy, these women embraced the trees to restrict their felling.[6] Establishment of "eco-development camps" brought villagers together to discuss their needs within the context of the ecological balance of the forest. Stabilizing slopes by building rock retaining walls, the campers planted trees started in their own village nurseries. While less than one-third of the trees set out by government foresters survived, up to 88 percent of the villager-planted trees grew.

Bhatt and his society colleagues have been helped by sympathetic scientists, officials and college students. Yet theirs is essentially an indigenous movement of mountain villagers, and Chipko Andolan has become an instrument of action and education for members, officials and outsiders, in the realities of effective resource conservation.

Although Bhatt has attended meetings in lowland India and abroad as a spokesman for Chipko, he has remained a man of his community. He, his wife and five children continue to live the simple life of their Himalayan neighbours. In the process he has become knowledgeable and productive in helping ensure his peoples' hard won living. In 2003, he was appointed a member of the 'National Forest Commission', which reviewed all existing policies and legal frameworks relating to forest management, and submitted its report to the Government in 2005.[7]

Awards

• GREEN LEGEND- GREENIES ECO AWARD-2010- on 7 December 2010 by NDTV/TOYOTA at New Delhi.

• DOCTOR OF LETTERS (D.LIT ) {HONORIS CAUSA}-2010 awarded by Kumaon University Nainital Uttarakhand India on 22 June 2010. • • REAL HEROES- LIFE TIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD-2010 by Reliance Industries Limited and IBN 18 NET, IBN LOKMAT, IBN 7, CNN-IBN Awarded during March 2010.

• DOCTOR OF SCIENCE (D.SC.) (HONORIS CAUSA)-2008 by Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India.

• SWAMI RAM HUMANITARIAN AWARD-2005 is being presented for exemplary services in the eco-development with community participation

• PADMA BHUSHAN in the year 2005 by the President of India in recognition of unique individual quality.

• INDIAN FOR COLLECTIVE ACTION AWARD in 1997, C.A., USA, for contributions to environmental protection and community service.

• SCHOOL OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH AWARD 1990, Calcutta, in recognition of the profound contribution in the field of science. In dissemination of the fundamental scientific knowledge among different strands of the society and in application of science for human welfare.

• UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM (UNEP) – GLOBAL 500 AWARD 1987, in recognition of outstanding practical achievements in the protection and improvement of the environment.

• PADMASHRI AWARD in the year 1986 by the President of India in recognition of unique individual quality.

• HONORARY CITIZEN OF CITY OF LITTLE ROCK, 1983 – Honoured as an Ambassador of Fellowship and Goodwill for the City of Little Rock by Mayor of City of Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.

• ARKANSAS TRAVELLER, 1983 – Honoured as Arkansas Traveller as an Ambassador of Goodwill by Governor of Arkansas, USA.

• RAMAN MAGSAYSAY AWARD, 1982 – for inspiring and guiding Chipko Andolan a unique movement to safe guard and wise use of the forest.

Accomplishments

• Developed and implemented a non-violent methodology for safeguarding the forests of the region from commercial exploitation. Dasholi Gram Swarajya Mandal (DGSM) has coined the term Chipko movement and successfully demonstrated its impact in protecting the vital forest cover of the Alakananda valley.

• United the women of the region under the banner of Mahila Mangal Dals who are today in the forefront of eco-development and conservation activity in the region.

• In the field of protecting the traditional architecture of the region, successfully launched the movement against the renovation of the Badrinath Temple, a Holy Shrine in higher Himalaya. This temple is a symbol of the cultural heritage of the region.

• DGSM could able to activate the local people especially the women of the upper Alakananda valley in eco-restoration program. Through the active participation of the local people, the denuded forest cover has been restored along with improving the terrain status. Recent study carried out by independent scientific institute using satellite remote sensing data show that DGSM could able to generate enough biomass in the vicinity of scarcity prone villages.

• Viewing the contribution made in the field of environmental conservation and disaster mitigation, DGSM has been identified as one the nodal agency in the country especially for the Himalayan region. As a consequence, Sri Chandi Prasad Bhatt has been nominated the member of many high level committees constituted by the Government of India dealing with forest, environment, disaster and developmental planning.

Publications

(Selected Books)

1. Pratikar Ke Ankur (Hindi) 2. Adhure Gyan Aur Kalpanik Biswas per Himalaya Se Cherkhani Ghatak (Hindi) 3. Future of Large Projects in the Himalaya 4. Eco-system of Central Himalaya 5. Chipko Experience 6. Parvat Parvat Basti Basti

(Selected Papers)

1. A tale to tell a Dream to remember, Science Age, October 1984, pp. 24–29. 2. Voluntary Agencies : A movement to conserve forest wealth. Indian and Foreign review, Vol. 22, 28 February 1985, pp. 9–11. 3. Studies in eco-development in Himalayan Mountain and Man, pp. 473–479. 4. Hill women, their 6. The Chipko Andolan: Forest conservation based on people’s power. Environment and Urbanization. Vol. 2, 1990, pp. 7–18. 7. Heading for disaster. Illustrated Weekly, 27 May 1990. 8. The Chipko Andolan : People’s power. The Illustrated Weekly, September 1990. 9. Impact of natural disaster on environment and development: examples from Himalayas and eastern and western ghats. Paper presented in Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi on Disaster Management, 1994, pp. 15–25. 10. The threat to Himalayan eco-system. Encounter, 1998, pp. 158–173. 11. The Chipko movement: Strategies, achievements and impact. Hugging the Himalaya: the Chipko movement (Ed.) S.S. Kunwar, DGSM, Chamoli, India, 1988, pp. 1–16. 12. Earthquake hazards in Central Himalaya: Lesson from Chamoli. In International Conference on disaster management; co-operative networking in South East Asia. IGNOU, New Delhi, 28–30 November 1999. 13. Living with earthquake: Lesson from Chamoli and Rudraprayag (Central Himalaya) – Science and Culture, Vol. 66, No. 1-2, January–February 2000, pp. 16–19. 14. Impact of natural disasters on the environment and development: Examples from Himalaya and Eastern and Western Ghats – Science and Culture, Vol. 66, No. 1-2, January–February 2000, pp. 20–25. 15. Rejuvenating Himalayan eco-system: Experience of Chipko Movement (a participatory approach) – Presented in Global Environment facility COP4/CCD, Bonn, Germany (15 December 2000). 16. Chipko Movement: a non-violent philosophy of harmonious existence. Presented case studies in Non-violence and Social Empowerment Conference, Puri, Orissa (14–18 February 2001), pp. 8–16.

Honorary Positions

Present Positions • Chairman of Task force on High altitude medicinal plants, National Medicinal Plant Board, Department of Ayush, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Govt. of India).

• Chairman of Consortium on advisory committee for North western Himalaya for Sustainable Agriculture based Livelihood project, Vivekanand parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Parishad, (ICAR), Almora (Uttrakhand).

• Advisor of Rural Technology Action Group (Rutag), Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor, Govt. of India.

• Member of the core Committee on National Mission for sustaining Himalayan Ecosystem. He is also member of the Governing body of VIKSAT Ahmedabad.

2003–2009 • Member of the Committee on Special Study Group on Himalayan Glaciers constituted by Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor, Govt. of India. • • Member, State level Committee under Water Conservation Mission – Government of Andhra Pradesh (2003–2005).

• Member, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education Society – Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests (2003–2005).

• Member, Steering Committee for Natural Resources Data Management System Programme – Government of India, Ministry of Science and Technology (2003–2005).

• Member, National Forest Commission – Government of India, Ministry Environment and Forests

• Member, Selection Committee for Indira Priyadarshini Vriksha mitra (IPVM) Award 2004-05-06-07-08. 2002

• Member of the Governing body as well as the society of National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Deptt. of Space, Government of India • Member, State level Committee of oversoeingihe implementation of the Supreme courts, order in the matters of eviction of encroachments from forest land – Andaman and Nicobar Administration, Department of Environment and Forests. • Member, Working group on Disaster Management – Community level Disaster Management Plan, National Center for Disaster Management, Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi • Member, Selection Committee for Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshmitra Awards (IPVM)-2000, Government of India, Ministry of Environment and Forest – NAEB – New Delhi • Member, Steering Committee for Natural Resources Data Management System (NRDMS) Programme – Department Science & Technology, Government of India (2003–2005).

2001

• Member, Selection Committee for the Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshmitra Award 1999: Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puruskar Committee, Government of India. • Member, Advisory Committee preparation for the World Summit on Sustainable Development, 2001, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Group to examine the various programs implemented by different ministries for the development of tribals and suggest measures to achieve synergy, Planning Commission, Government of India.

2000

• Member of Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education Society, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Steering Committee on Environment, Forests and Wildlife for the 10th Five-Year Plan (2002–2007), Planning Commission, Government of India. • Special invitees water conservation mission, Government of Andhra Pradesh. • Member, Steering Committee on the Programme for the Application of Science and Technology for the Integrated Development of the Uttarakhand region, Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.

1999

• Member, High level Inter Departmental Committee to assess the magnitude of past floods in the upper Alaknanda Basin and suggest suitable measures to reduce the adverse impact of such floods hereafter, Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi, Government of India. • Member, Sub-group-1-Water and climate related hazards: Constituted by High powered Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. • Member, Sub-group-2-Geological hazards: Constituted by High-powered Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. • Member, Working Group-2-Strategies for sustainable land use management, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Working Group-3-Local Area Development Programme, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. 1998 • Advisor, Himwanti-Kathmandu, Nepal. • Chairman, National Standing Committee (Watershed), Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology, CAPART, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. • Chairman, Committee for preparing in "Action plan for forestry sector for the next twenty years", Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Advisory Committee to promote the involvement of women in the forestry sector, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Jammu and Kashmir State Council for Science and Technology, Government of Jammu and Kashmir. 1997 • Member, Selection Committee for the Indira Priyadarshini Vrikshmitra Award, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Expert Committee to review National Forest Policy 1998 and its implementation, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Independent Commission for People’s Right and Development (ICPRD), New Delhi.

1996 • Member, specialized Committee for exploitation of fallen, dried, and ill trees of UP hills and to make qualitative and quantitative measures regarding to the following of extra decision dated 12 December 1996 of Honourable Supreme Court Writ Petition No. 202/1995 T.N. Godaverman Thirumalkapad vs Government of India and Others, Government of U.P., Ministry of Forest (1996–1997). • Member, National Standing Committee (Watershed), Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Technology, CAPART. • Member, Steering Committee on Environment, Forest, Wildlife and Wasteland Development for the formulation of 9th Five Year Plan (1998–2002), Planning Commission, Government of India. • Chairman, RIOD – INDIA, Hyderabad. • Member, Working Committee – 9th Five Yearn Plan (1997–2002), Ministry of Forest, U.P. Government. • Member, Advisory Committee for Economic Development of Kumayun and Garhwal Mandal, Government of U.P., Uttarakhand Development Section, Lucknow. • Member, Council of Management – Vikram Sarabhai Centre for Development Interaction (VIKSAT), Nehru Foundation for Development (1993–2002). • Member, State Wildlife Advisory Council, Government of U.P. • Member, Task Force on Forest Protection, Forest Consolidation, Rate of Deforestation, Forest Research and Survey, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of U.P. • Member of Governing Council, Memorandum of Association for Rural Advancement through voluntary action and local environment (Aravali), Government of Rajasthan. • Member, Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puruskar Committee, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India.

1995

• Member, Committee to develop Modalities and guidelines on integrated watershed management project, etc. CAPART – Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. • Member, Environment Protection Council of Himachal Pradesh, Government of Himachal Pradesh. • Member Group on People’s participation, Planning Commission, Government of India.

1994

• Member of the Indian Official delegation to the United Nations, World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Yokohoma, Japan. • Chairman, National Committee for protection of natural resources, Dharwad, Karnataka. • Member, Steering Committee for the Implementation of UNDP-Project IND/92/038-Strengthening and development of ICFRE – Ministry of Environment and Forest, Dehradun, Government of India.

1993

• Member, Devi apada aur unke dushprabhav ko nyun karne ke liye karya yojanaon ke nirman, anushravan aur kriyanwanayan vishayak niti nirdharan aur nirnay hetu rajya satrieya uchadhikar samiti – Revenue Department, U.P. Government. • Member, Technical Advisory Committee, Himalayan Eco-Rehabilitation Project, ICFRE, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Standing Committee on Voluntary Action for Afforestation and Wastelands Development NWDB, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India. • Member, National Environment Council, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. 1992

• Member, National Advisory Council on International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. • Member, National Afforestation and Eco-development Board, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India (1992–1998).

1991

• Member, Central Board of Forestry, Government of India. 1990

• Member of the Council, G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Brehed Gangotri Vishesh Chetra Vikas Pradhikaran, U.P. Government.

1989 • Member, Science Advisory Committee, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Sarathi, New Delhi. • Member, Research Advisory Group – Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, Government of India. 1988 • Chairman of Trustees, Consumer Education and Research Centre, Ahmedabad. • Member, Environmental Conservation Committee on Forest Conservation Act 1980, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Environmental Conservation Committee, North-Eastern Council, Government of India. • Member, Steering Group on Environment, Forest and Wasteland Development for the formulation of 8th Five Year Plan, Planning Commission, Government of India. • Member, World Bank, NGO Consultation Committee (India), New Delhi.

1987 • Member, Task Force to evaluate the impact of sheep and goats rearing ecological fragile zone, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. • Member, Regional Advisory Group (Northern Region), Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, Steering Committee for Field Demonstration projects for Environment improvement and Eco-development Camp, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Trustee, Consumer Education and Research Centre, Ahmedabad.

1986–92 • Member, Puskar Lake Committee (Rajasthan), Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India. • Member, National Wasteland Development Board, Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India.

1983 • Member, S.P.W.D., New Delhi. • Member, Advisory Committee on Hill Area, Planning Commission, Government of India. • Member, Working Group on the hill area development programme for the 7th Five Year Plan (1985–90), Planning Commission, Government of India. • Member, Central Steering Committee to monitor the special employment programme in Manipur, Planning Commission (Government of India).

1982 • Member, Working Group to go into the question of cost benefit analysis and socio-economic and socio-cultural impact of hydroelectric project in the Himalayan Region – Planning Commission, Government of India.

1981 • Member, U.P. State Certification Samiti (Khadi and Village Industries Commission, Lucknow). • Chairman, Centre for Science and Environment (New Delhi).

1979 • Member, Committee to recommend development of forestry extension services (Government of India – FRI, Ministry of Agriculture).

1976 • Special Invitee, Committee on the Subsistence of Joshimath.

1975 • Member, Garhwal Van Salahkar Samiti (U.P. Forest Department).

1974 • Member, Reni Chipko Andolan Adhyayan Samiti (Government of U.P., Ministry of Forest).

1971 • Member, Raw Material Advisory Committee of the U.P. Small Industries Corporation (Government of U.P.). • Member, U.P. Small Scale Cottage Industries Board, Directorate of Industries – U.P. Government.

1967 • Secretary, Zila Gandhi Janm Shatabdi Samiti (Government of U.P.)

1963 • Convener, Uttarakhand Sarvodaya Mandal • Regional Secretary, U.P. Sarvodaya Mandal • Regional Secretary, U.P. Shanti Sena

Main talks/lectures

2006– 2010

(i) "Paryavaran Prabandhan Evam Prakritik Aapda"- Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Lecture Series-2010 on 16 December 2010 organised by Umesh Dobhal Smriti Trust at Pauri, Uttarakhand.

(ii) " Himalaya Ke Pryavaran Sanrakshan ke Moulik Bindu- Chipko Andolan Ke Anubhav" Delivered in- ICSSR-NER Lecture on 19 November 2010 at Omeo Kumardas Institute of Social Change and Development, Department of Political Science, Cotton College Guwahati.

(iii) Points for Protection conservation and Development of Himalayan Environment Millennium Lecture Geomatics-2008, National Conference on Geomatics for Planet Earth, Bhopal Indian Society of Geomatics and Space Application Centre (Ahmedabad), M.P.Council of Science and Technology, Madhya Pradesh (2008).

(iv) "Himalayan Ecology and Role of People" at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Administration Academy, Mussorriee (Uttarakhand on the Occasion of Science for rural Societies 2008. Training programme for scientist of various renowned Institutions of the country, 2008.

(v) "Forest and Poverty Elimination" on the occasion of World Forestry Day organised by Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India at New Delhi in 2007.

(vi) Bharat Ratna Pandit Govind Ballabh Pant Memorial Lecture at Govind Ballabh Pant Agriculture and Technology University, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand-2006.

(vii) Neelambar Joshi Memorial Lecture- Some for points for Protection, Conservation and Development of Himalayan Environment, Neelambar Joshi Smriti Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand-2006

2002 – 2005

(i) "Environmental Issues" P. Srinivas Memorial Lecture- 72 Foundation Course – L.B.S.N.A.A.A., Mussoorie, Govt. of India.

(ii) "The fragile Himalayas" – Popular Lecture – Indian Society of Geomatics, Ahmedabad Chapter, Ahmedabad.

(iii) Environment of Himalaya and Experience of Chipko Movement: Lecture delivered in 2nd Bharat Ratna Pt. G.B.Pant memorial Lecture in G.B.Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar. (iv) Himalaya ke Pyavaran Snrakshan aivam Vikas ke Khuch Bindu: Lecture delivered in Neelamber Joshi memorial Lecture, Almora, Uttranchal. (v) Lecture delivered on "Right to Information" as a Chief Guest during the 1st anniversary celebration of right to Information Act,2005 organized by Uttaranchal Information Commission, Dehradun.

2001 – "Environmental Issues" P. Srinivas Memorial Lecture – 70th Foundation Course – L.B.S.N.A.A.A., Mussoorie, Government of India.

2000 – Environmental sustainability in the Himalaya: The Chipko Experience – 67th Foundation Course for Civil Services – L.B.S.N.A.A.A., Mussoorie, Government of India.

1999 – "Paryavaran Bigad – Prakritik Apdaon ko Nyota" P. Srinivas Memorial Lecture – 66th Foundation Course – L.B.S.N.A.A.A., Mussoorie, Government of India. 1997 –

(viii) "Making the impossible – possible" Indian for collective action Program – Sremford Faculty Club – C.L., U.S.A. (on 16 November).

(ix) People’s Action to Save the Himalayas Environment – Bharatiya Temple, 955 Haslett MI, U.S.A. (on 20 November).

1996 – "Calamities and its implication on Himalayan Eco-system" Laxminarayan Kala Memorial Lectures – Indian Society of Remote Sensing – Ahmedabad, Chapter.

1994 – "Himalaya paryavaran avm prabhavit log" – Navratri lecture series, Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh.

1993 (i) "Local Institution for National Resources Management" – foundation Day lecture of Youth for Action, Hyderabad.

(ii) Lecture on "National disasters and Development – from an Affected Community Perspective" – India Disaster Management Training Country Workshop, Indian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi.

(iii) SAC Lectures on "Himalayan Paryavaran" Hindi week celebration – Space Applications Centre – Indian Space Research Organization – SAC P.O., Ahmedabad.

(iv) Paryavaran sanrakshan mein gaer sarkari sansthaon ke sambandh ki bhumika: Chipko karyakaram ke sambandh mein – Training Workshop for Indian Administrative Officers at Uttar Pradesh Administrative Academy, Nainital.

(v) "Prakriti sanrakshan mein logon ke bhumika : Chipko ke anubhav" : Delivered public lecture at Bilaspur and Ambikapur, Madhya Pradesh organized by Public Relation Department, Government of M.P.

1991 – "Prakriti Saranchan Me Hamari Bhumika" – Chetana Lecture Series, Jalana, Aurangabad, Maharashtra.

1989 – Lecture on "Environment and Development" at Le CIRED (Centre International de Recherches sur 1’Environment et le Developpement), Miason des Sciences de 1’Homme, 54, Boulevard Raspail 75006. Metro Sèvres Babylone (on 7 October).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 A Gandhian in Garhwal The Hindu, Sunday, 2 June 2002.
  2. ↑ A clutch of crusaders across India are ready to stake their reputations and devote their lives to saving the environment.. The Times of India, 22 September 2002.
  3. ↑ ..the first modern Indian environmentalist, and also to being the greatest... Ramchandra Guha, The Telegraph, 4 September 2004.
  4. ↑ BIOGRAPHY of Chandi Prasad Bhatt The 1982 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership.
  5. ↑ Chandi Prasad Bhatt Gandhi today: a report on Mahatma Gandhi's successors, by Mark Shepard. Published by Shepard Publications, 1987. ISBN 0-938497-04-9. Page 65.
  6. ↑ Pathak, Shekhar. "gaura-devi-a-leading-lady-of-chipko-movement-2/". Retrieved 2 September 2011. 
  7. ↑ Justice Kirpal to head National Forest Commission The Times of India, 21 February 2003.

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