Chalco (altépetl)

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Chalco
Tributary of the Aztec Empire
13th century – 1521 →


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Capital Itzcahuacan, Tlalmanalco (de facto)
Languages Nahuatl
Religion Pre-Columbian Nahua religion
Political structure Confederation
Historical era Pre-Columbian
 -  Established 13th century
 - Aztec conquest 1465
 -  Spanish conquest 1521

Chalco ['t͡ʃaɬko] was a complex pre-Columbian Nahua altepetl or confederacy in central Mexico. It was divided into the four sub-altepetl of Tlalmanalco/Tlacochcalco, Amaquemecan, Tenanco Texopalco Tepopolla and Chimalhuacan-Chalco, which were themselves further subdivided into altepetl tlayacatl, each with its own tlatoani (king). Its inhabitants were known as the Chalcatl ['t͡ʃaɬkat͡ɬ] (singular) or Chalcah ['t͡ʃaɬkaʔ] (plural).

In the 14th and early 15th centuries, flower wars were fought between the Chalca and the Aztecs. Serious war erupted in 1446. According to the Amaqueme historian Chimalpahin, this was because the Chalca refused a Mexica demand to contribute building materials for the temple of Huitzilopochtli.[1] Chalco was finally conquered by the Aztecs under Moctezuma I in or around 1465, and the kings of Chalco were exiled to Huexotzinco.[2] The rulerships were restored by Tizoc in 1486, who installed new tlatoque.[3] Chalco paid more tribute to Tenochtitlan in the form of food than any other region in the Valley of Mexico, probably because of its fertile soil and location.[4]

The Spanish conquistadors Pedro de Alvarado and Bernardino Vázquez de Tapia reached Chalco in the fall of 1519. The Chalca allied with the Spaniards and participated in the defeat of the Aztecs. Hernán Cortés claimed Chalco for himself as an encomienda, but failed to maintain his possession of it. Chalco was designated a corregimiento by 1533.[5] Several places outside the traditional region of Chalco were added to it in colonial times.[6]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Schroeder (1991): p. 97.
  2. ↑ Schroeder (1991): p. 107.
  3. ↑ Schroeder (1991): p. 76.
  4. ↑ Schroeder (1991): p. 32.
  5. ↑ Gerhard (1993): p. 103.
  6. ↑ Gerhard (1993): p. 102.

References

  • Gerhard, Paul (1993). A Guide to the Historical Geography of New Spain. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-2553-5. 
  • Schroeder, Susan (1991). Chimalpahin & the Kingdoms of Chalco. Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN 0-8165-1182-9. 

Coordinates: 19°16′0″N 98°54′0″W / 19.26667°N 98.90000°W / 19.26667; -98.90000

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