Chalav Yisrael

Chalav Yisrael
A bottle of chalav yisrael milk
Halakhic texts relating to this article:
Babylonian Talmud:	Avodah Zarah 35b, 39b
Shulchan Aruch:	Yoreh De'ah 115:1
* Not meant as a definitive ruling. Some observances may be rabbinical, custom or Torah-based.

Chalav Yisrael (Hebrew: חלב ישראל‎), sometimes pronounced Cholov Yisroel, is a halachic term which refers to all dairy products, including cheese and non-fat dry milk powder, which derive from milk that has been milked under the supervision of an observant Jew.

According to Jewish law (halacha), milk is kosher only if it comes from a kosher species of animal (such as cows and sheep), while milk from a non-kosher species (such as horses and camels) is non-kosher.

In the past it was not uncommon for farmers to mix the milk of their various animals together, unbeknownst to their customers. Since it was conceivable to have a farm selling a mixture of kosher and non-kosher milk, the rabbinic authorities in talmudic times issued an injunction against the drinking of any milk whose milking was not done by, or under the supervision of, an observant Jew - such milk is alternately referred to in halachic literature as either chalav akum or chalav nochri. This prohibition was codified in the Shulchan Aruch^[1] which unequivocally forbids consumption of any milk not milked under Jewish supervision.

The first Chalav Yisrael dairy farm on the East Coast of the United States, and possibly in the entire United States, was started by Isaac Balsam in 1903, and remained in business until 1955.^[2]

In the USA and other countries with similar regulations

All dairy products made in the USA and countries with government regulations on milk, even when bearing a kosher symbol, are likely to be "chalav stam". Chalav stam is a classification literally translating to "Plain milk," which is given to milk produced in a country where government regulations make it reasonable to assume that milk is 100% what it is labeled as (ie. anything labeled as "milk" is 100% cows milk, goat's milk must be 100% goats milk and labeled as such, etc). Because the supervising bodies in the United States and countries where chalav stam is acceptable impose penalties and fines on milk producers found to be in violation of this requirement, Rabbi Moshe Feinstein ruled that we can logically infer that milk produced there has not been mixed with treife milk and therefore does not receive the designation of "chalav akum." Kosher certifications in such countries usually mark "chalav yisrael" in either English or Hebrew next to their kosher symbol. In Israel, kosher certifiers don’t usually mark “chalav yisrael” since it is the standard there--in fact, kosher dairy products in Israel that are not Chalav Yisrael need to be marked as such.

There are also Kabbalistic reasons for being strict concerning chalav yisrael; these are not based on the possibility of mixing non-kosher milk but on spiritual ramifications to drinking non-chalav yisrael which leads to "timtum ha-lev" a spiritual deadening of the heart.

"A chassid once came to the Alter Rebbe lamenting the fact that his son-in-law was subject to periods when he would doubt his faith. The Alter Rebbe responded that the son-in-law had unwittingly consumed milk which was milked by a non-Jew, with no Jew in attendance. Though he was unaware of this fact, and though the prohibition against such milk is only of Rabbinic origin, this had so strong an effect upon him that it caused him to doubt his faith." - Chapter 8 of Lessons in Tanya by Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi with additions and explanations by both Rabbi Yosef Wineberg and Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson.

See also

• Kosher foods
• Kashrut
• Bishul Yisrael
• Kosher wine
• Yoshon
• Pas Yisroel

References

External links

• OU Introduction to Chalav Yisroel on OUKosher.org
• Kashrus Kurrents, Chalav Yisroel: Does a Neshama Good by Rabbi Moshe Heinemann, Star-K Rabbinic Administrator