Cephalanthus
| Cephalanthus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Gentianales |
| Family: | Rubiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Cinchonoideae |
| Tribe: | Naucleeae[1] |
| Genus: | Cephalanthus L. |
| Type species | |
| Cephalanthus occidentalis L. | |
| Species | |
|
See text | |
| Synonyms | |
Cephalanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the madder family, Rubiaceae. There are about 6 species,[3][4] which are commonly known as buttonbushes.[5] Cephalanthus occidentalis is native to the eastern United States and Canada. The others occur in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa and Asia.[6] Two species are known in cultivation.[7]
They are shrubs or small trees growing to 5–15 m (16–49 ft) tall. The leaves are simple, arranged in opposite pairs or whorls of three. The flowers form a dense globular inflorescence.
Cephalanthus was named by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum in 1753.[4][8] The generic name is derived from the Ancient Greek words κέφαλος (kephalos), meaning "head", and ἄνθος (anthos), meaning "flower."[9]
Cephalanthus is the most basal genus in the tribe Naucleeae.[10] Some authors have segregated it into its own monotypic tribe.[11] The type species for Cephalanthus is Cephalanthus occidentalis.[12]
Species
Species include:[3]
- Cephalanthus angustifolius Lour. (Laos, Vietnam)
- Cephalanthus glabratus (Spreng.) K.Schum. – sarandí (South America)
- Cephalanthus natalensis Oliv. (southern Africa)
- Cephalanthus occidentalis L. – button-willow, common buttonbush, honey-bells (North America)
- Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl. – Mexican buttonbush, willowleaf buttonbush (Mexico, Rio Grande Valley of Texas)
- Cephalanthus tetandra (Roxb.) Ridsd. & Bakh.f. (tropical Asia)
Formerly placed here
- Adina pilulifera (Lam.) Franch. ex Drake (as C. pilulifera Lam.)
- Nauclea orientalis (L.) L. (as C. orientalis L.)[13]
References
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- ↑ "Genus Cephalanthus (buttonbushes)". Taxonomy. UniProt. Retrieved 2009-09-14.
- ↑ "Genus: Cephalanthus L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Cephalanthus. The Plant List.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cephalanthus. Flora of China.
- ↑ Cephalanthus. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
- ↑ Mabberley, D. J. Mabberley's Plant-Book, third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. ISBN 978-0-521-82071-4
- ↑ Huxley, A. J., et al. (eds.) The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London; The Stockton Press, New York. 1992. ISBN 978-0-333-47494-5 (set)
- ↑ Carolus Linnaeus. Cephalanthus. Species Plantarum. 1753. 1:95. Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii: Stockholm, Sweden.
- ↑ Quattrocchi, U. (2000). CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names. I: A-C. CRC Press. p. 476. ISBN 978-0-8493-2675-2.
- ↑ Manns, U. and B. Bremer. 2010. Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56(1), 21-39. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.002
- ↑ Ridsdale, C. E. 1976. A revision of the tribe Cephalantheae (Rubiaceae). Blumea 23(1), 177-88.
- ↑ Cephalanthus. Index Nominum Genericorum. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
- ↑ "GRIN Species Records of Cephalanthus". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-09-17.