Cedric Morris

Sir Cedric Lockwood Morris, 9th Baronet (11 December 1889 – 8 February 1982) was a British artist, art teacher and plantsman. He was born in Swansea but worked mainly in East Anglia. As an artist he is best known for his portraits, flower paintings and landscapes.

Early life

Cedric Lockwood Morris was born on 11 December 1889 in Sketty, Swansea, the son of George Lockwood Morris, industrialist (ironfounder) and Wales rugby international, and his wife Wilhelmina (née Cory). He had two sisters - Muriel, who died in her teens, and Nancy (born in 1893). His mother had studied painting and was an accomplished needlewoman; on his father's side he was descended from the first baronet Morris, whose sister Margaret married Noel Desenfans and helped him and his friend, Francis Bourgeois to build up the collection now housed in the Dulwich Picture Gallery. Cedric was sent away to be educated, at St Cyprian's School, Eastbourne, and Charterhouse School in Godalming.

He failed the exams to enter the army as an officer, and at the age of 17 he set out on a steamship to Ontario, Canada, to work on a farm. After a succession of jobs, including as a dishwasher and bell boy in New York, he returned to South Wales, and then entered the Royal College of Music, London, to study singing. But he gave up singing for painting, and went to Paris, where from April 1914 he studied at the Academie Delacluse in Montparnasse before the interruption of World War I.

During World War I he joined the Artists Rifles, but before embarking for France was declared medically unfit for action in consequence of the effects of a failed operation during his childhood. As an experienced horseman, however, he was allocated to the training of remounts at Lord Rosslyn's stables at Theale, Berkshire. He worked in the company of Alfred Munnings, under Cecil Aldin. He was discharged from this when the army took over the Remounts in 1917.^[1]

Cornwall, Paris and London

Morris went to Zennor in Cornwall, where he studied plants and painted water colours. There he became friendly with the painter Frances Hodgkins, whose portrait he painted. At the time of the Armistice with Germany in November 1918 he was in London, when he met the painter Arthur Lett-Haines. Morris and Lett Haines fell in love and began a life-time relationship, and shortly afterwards Morris moved in with Haines and his second wife, Aimee. The trio planned to go to America, but in the event Aimee Lett-Haines left on her own, and the two men moved to Cornwall. They converted a row of cottages at Newlyn into a larger house and stayed there until the end of 1920, when they moved to Paris.^[2]

Paris was their base for the next five years, when they travelled extensively in Europe. Morris also studied at the Academies Moderne and La Grande Chaumiere. Morris had successful exhibitions in London in 1924 and 1926, and later in that year they settled back in Britain.^[3]

After staying with his sister Nancy Morris in Corfe Morris and Haines found a studio in London at Great Ormond Street to which they moved in 1927. Morris became a member of the London Artists Association and the Seven and Five Society, for which he was proposed by Winifred Nicholson and seconded by Ben Nicholson. He became especially friendly with the painter Christopher Wood, and renewed friendship with Frances Hodgkins. At the end of the 1920s Morris became involved with much commercial work designing textiles for Cresta Silks with Paul Nash and posters for Shell and B. P..^[4]

Country life

Papaver orientale 'Cedric Morris'

Morris chose the country life to pursue his passion for horticulture. Early in 1929 Morris and his companion took the lease of Pound Farm, Higham, Suffolk, and in February 1930 they gave up the London studio.

In 1932 the owner of Pound Farm, who was for a while a student, died and left it to Morris. Morris had resigned from the Seven and Five Society in 1930 and he resigned from the London Artist's Association in 1933. There were many visitors at Pound Farm, including Frances Hodgkins, Barbara Hepworth and John Skeaping. Joan Warburton who was a student described Pound Farm as a paradise, mainly because of the spectacular gardens which Morris developed. She was also impressed by their spectacular parties.

Morris often went painting in his native South Wales, and in 1935 at the time of the Depression was moved by the plight of the people of South Wales Valleys. He initiated a major touring exhibition of Welsh art in 1935, and was a regular teacher at Mary Horsfall's Art's centre at Merthyr Tydfil. In 1935 he painted two large flower murals on board the liner Queen Mary.^[5] In late 1937 Morris and Haines joined the Hadleigh Labour Party after attending a meeting addressed by Professor Catlin.

East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing

Morris and Lett-Haines opened the East Anglian School of Painting and Drawing at Dedham in April 1937. Within a year they had 60 students. Lucian Freud was one of his most noted students.

In 1939 the building at Dedham was destroyed by fire (with several of Morris's paintings also destroyed) to the conspicuous enjoyment of Alfred Munnings. By the end of the year the school was reestablished at Benton End. Benton End was a rambling 'Suffolk Pink' farmhouse on the outskirts of Hadleigh, set in three or 4 acres (16,000 m²) of orchard. In addition to running the school, Morris indulged his passion for plants. He grew about 1000 new Iris seedlings each year and opened the house to display his collection, and used to walk the fields and hedgerows searching for softer colour variants of poppies. Morris's work as a horticulturalist resulted in a number of plants being names after him.

Morris was intolerant of cruelty to animals and at Benton End had a running feud with a local gamekeeper who shot cats and dogs - until the latter tripped over his shotgun and shot himself.^[6]

Later life

In 1947 the Morris baronetcy came to his father from a distant cousin three months before his death and Cedric Morris succeeded his father in the same year to become the 9th Baronet Morris. He became a lecturer at the Royal College of Art in 1950.

From about 1975 Morris virtually gave up painting because of failing eyesight.

He died on 8 February 1982. His former pupil, Maggi Hambling visited him on the day before his death and afterwards drew a portrait of him. In 1984 the Tate Gallery held a retrospective exhibition of Morris's work.^[7]

His painting style

Cedric Morris had a distinctive and often rather primitive post-Impressionist style, and painted portraits, landscapes and very decorative still lifes of flowers and birds.

As a portrait painter he produced notable studies of subjects such as Arthur Lett-Haines (1919; 1925; 1928), Anita Berry (1920), Hilaire Hiler (1920), John Banting (1923), Rupert Doone (ca. 1923), Mary Butts (1924), Barbara Hepworth (1931), Arthur Elton (1931), Rosamond Lehmann (1932), Audrey Debenham (1935), The Sisters [F. Byng Stamper and C. Byng Lucas] (1935), Gladys Hynes (1936), Millie Gomersall/hayes (1936; 1966), Lucian Freud (1940) (who painted him in the same year (National Museum of Wales)), Richard Chopping (1941), Mrs Ernest Freud (1942?), Belle of Bloomsbury (1948), as well as a striking portrait of himself in 1919.

List of some works in public galleries

• Frances Hodgkins 1917 [drawing], Tate Britain, London
• Self Portrait 1919 National Museum Cardiff (NMGW)
• A Roman Cafe, 1922 [drawing], National Museum Cardiff
• Patisseries and a croissant 1922 Tate
• Experiment in textures 1923 Tate
• Landscape:Vallee de L'Oueze 1925, National Museum Cardiff
• From a window at 45 Brook Street London 1926
• Djerba No.2, 1926, Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand
• Breton Landscape 1927 Huddersfield Art Gallery
• Portrait of Frances Hodgkins, 1928, Auckland Art Gallery, New Zealand
• Herstmonceux Church, 1928, Towner Art Gallery, Eastbourne
• Llanmadoc Hill, Gower, 1928, Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea
• Sparrowhawks, 1929, Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea
• Self Portrait 1930 National Portrait Gallery, London
• Solva 1934 Norwich
• Caeharris Post Office,Dowlais, 1935, Cyfarthfa Castle Museum, Merthyr Tydfil
• The Tips, Dowlais, 1935, Cyfarthfa Castle Museum, Merthyr Tydfil
• Antonia White 1936 National Portrait Gallery, London
• Millie Gomersall, 1936, The Minories Art Gallery, Colchester
• Lake Patzcuaro, 1939, National Museum Cardiff
• David and Barbara Carr, 1940 Tate Britain
• Stoke by Nayland Church 1940 National Museum Cardiff
• Lucian Freud 1941 Tate Britain
• Heron, 1941, Astley Cheetham Art Gallery, Tameside
• Peregrine Falcons 1942 Tate Britain
• Iris Seedlings 1943 Tate Britain
• Eggs 1944 Tate Britain
• Pontypridd, 1945, Glynn Vivian Art Gallery, Swansea
• Belle of Bloomsbury 1948 Tate

List of plants named after Cedric Morris

• Iris (Sir Cedric Morris introductions)
• Papaver rhoeas Cedric Morris
• Sir Cedric Morris (Bare Root Rose)
• Sir Cedric Morris Hardy Geranium
• Narcissus minor 'Cedric Morris'
• Zauschneria californica cana 'Sir Cedric Morris'

References

Bibliography

• Cedric Morris, 'Concerning flower painting', in The Studio; vol. 123 no.590 (1942 May), p. 121-3
• Ronald Blythe, 'Sir Cedric Morris', in People, ed. Susan Hill (1983), p. 25-31
• Richard Morphet, Cedric Morris The Tate Gallery [exhibition catalogue] (1984)
• Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990)
• Benton End Remembered by G. Reynolds (2002)
• Cedric Morris and Lett Haines: Teaching, Art and Life, by B. Tufnell, N. Thornton, H. Waters (2003)
• Cedric Morris a Lett Haines: Dysgu, Celfyddyd a Bywyd, by B. Tufnell (2003)
• Richard Morphet, 'Morris, Sir Cedric Lockwood, ninth baronet (1889-1982)', in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Sept 2004)
• N. Hepburn, ''Cedric Morris & Christopher Wood A forgotten friendship'' (2012)

External links

• Art Cyclopedia - selected works
• Cedric Morris at the Tate Gallery Archive
• Image of LFreud's portrait of CMorris, Amgueddfa Cymru: National Museum Wales, Art Collections Online; NMW A 12875; n.d.