Campinas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Campinas

Municipality

The Municipality of Campinas

Images from top, left to right: Metropolitan Cathedral, an avenue in Campinas's downtown, an old railway station, Mogiana Palace, a monument to the heroes of Constitutionalist Revolution (in Saudade Cemetery), a bus terminus, Central area of Campinas as seen from Torre do Castelo, a belvedere.

Flag

Seal

Nickname(s): Cidade das Andorinhas, Brazilian Silicon Valley, Princesa d'Oeste

Location of Campinas

Campinas

Location in Brazil

Coordinates: 22°54′3″S 47°03′26″W / 22.90083°S 47.05722°W

Country

Brazil

Founded

July 14, 1774

Government

• Mayor

Jonas Donizette (PSB)

Area

• Municipality

795.667 km² (307.209 sq mi)

• Metro

3,645 km² (1,407 sq mi)

Elevation

555-780 m (1,821–2,559 ft)

Population (2012)

• Municipality

1,098,630 (14th)

• Density

1,358.6/km² (3,519/sq mi)

• Metro

2,633,523

Time zone

Brasilia Official Time (UTC-3)

• Summer (DST)

Brazilian Daylight Saving Time (UTC-2)

Postal Code

13000-000

Area code(s)

+55 19

Website

Campinas, São Paulo

Campinas (Portuguese pronunciation: [kɐ̃ˈpinɐs], Plains) is a Brazilian city of São Paulo State, in the country's Southeast Region. According to the 2010 Census, the city population is 1,080,999,^[1] making it the fourteenth most populous Brazilian city and the third in the São Paulo state. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater Campinas, as of 2013, contains nineteen cities, including Campinas, and has a total population of 2,232,297 people.^[2]

The city is home to the University of Campinas, one of the most prestigious in Latin America.

Etymology

Campinas means grass fields in Portuguese and refers to its characteristic landscape, which originally comprised large stretches of dense subtropical forests (mato grosso or thick woods in Portuguese), mainly along the many rivers, interspersed with gently rolling hills covered by low-lying vegetation. ^{[citation needed]}

Campinas was also known as "Cidade das Andorinhas" (City of Swallows), because it was a favorite spot for these migratory birds, which flocked annually in enormous numbers to downtown Campinas. However, they almost disappeared around the 1950s, probably because the church and plaza where they used to roost were torn down. Campinas' official crest and flag has a picture of the mythical bird, the phoenix, because it was practically reborn after a devastating epidemic of yellow fever in the 1800s, which killed more than 25% of the city's inhabitants.

The demonym for Campinas is a campineiro or "campinense" .^[3]

History

Campinas in 1878

Maps of railways in Campinas in 1929

The city was founded on July 14, 1774, by Barreto Leme.^[4] It was initially a simple outpost on the way to Minas Gerais and Goiás serving the "Bandeirantes" who were in search of precious minerals and Indian slaves. In the first half of the 19th century, Campinas became a growing population center, with many coffee, cotton and sugarcane farms.

The construction of a railway linking the city of São Paulo to Santos' seaport, in 1867, was very important for its growth. In the second half of the 19th century, with the abolition of slavery, farming and industrialization attracted many foreign immigrants to replace the lost manpower, mainly from Italy.^[5]

Coffee became an important export and the city became wealthy. In consequence, a large service sector was established to serve the growing population, and in the first decades of the 20th century, Campinas could already boast of an opera house, theaters, banks, movie theaters, radio stations, a philharmonic orchestra, two newspapers (Correio Popular and Diário do Povo), a good public education system (with the Escola Normal de Campinas and the Colégio Culto à Ciência), and hospitals, such as the Santa Casa de Misericórdia (a charity for poor people) and the Casa de Saúde de Campinas (for the Italian community, formerly known as Circolo Italiani Uniti), and the most important Brazilian research center in agricultural sciences, the Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, which was founded by Emperor Pedro II. Finally, the construction of the first Brazilian highway in 1938, between Campinas and São Paulo, the Anhanguera Highway, was a turning point in the integration of Campinas into the rest of the state.

Campinas was the birthplace of opera composer Carlos Gomes^[6] (1836 — 1896) and of the President of the Republic Campos Salles (1841 — 1913).^[7] It was home for 49 years to Hércules Florence, reputed as one of the early inventors of photography, photocopying and the mimeograph.^[8]

Geography

The area of the city, according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, is 795.697 km², and 238.3230 km² are the urban and 557.334 km² remaining constitute the countryside. It is located at 22°54′21″S, 47°03′39″W and is at a distance of 96 kilometers northwest of São Paulo. Its neighboring cities are Paulínia, Jaguariúna and Pedreira, north; Morungaba, Itatiba and Valinhos in the east; Itupeva, Indaiatuba and Monte Mor, south, and Hortolândia in the west.

Ecology

Most of the original vegetation that had in the city, the Atlantic, was devastated. Like other 13 municipalities in the metropolitan region of Campinas, the city suffers a severe environmental stress, and Campinas is considered one of the areas subject to flooding and silting and has less than 5% of vegetation cover.

To try to reverse this situation, several projects have been and are being conducted and planned, such as building corridors, such as regulation of the Management Plan of Environmental Preservation Area (APA) in Campinas. There are also several environmental projects to combat the destruction of riparian forests located on the river london, which, as previously mentioned, has a high rate of pollution of its waters. Today Campinas houses the Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE) Santa Geneva, 251 acres (1.02 km²), established in 1985 and regulated by the Brazilian Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA), the city of Campinas, Fundação José Pedro de Oliveira. Today is the second largest urban forest of Brazil, behind only the Forest of Tijuca, in Rio de Janeiro.

The city also has large forests, such as Jequitibás Wood (installed in 1881), Forest Grove and the Germans of Guarantees.

Climate

View of Campinas during a storm.

The climate is tropical but mitigated by elevation (Köppen type Cwa), with lower rainfall in winter and annual average temperature of 21.3 °C, with dry and mild winters (rarely too cold) and rainy summers with warm to hot temperatures. The warmest month in February, has an average temperature of 24 °C, with an average maximum of 29.1 °C and minimum 19.0 °C. And the coldest month, July, 17.8 °C and 24.2 °C and 11.4 °C average maximum and minimum, respectively. Fall and spring are transitional seasons.

The average annual rainfall is 1424.5 mm and the driest month in August, when there are only 22.9 mm. In January, the rainiest month, the average is 280.3 mm. In recent years, however, the hot, dry days during the winter have been increasingly frequent, often surpassing 30 °C, especially between July and September. In August 2010, for example, the rainfall in Campinas was only 0 mm. During the dry season and long dry spells in the middle of the rainy season are also common records of fires in the hills and thickets, especially in rural areas of the city, which contributes to deforestation and the release of pollutants into the atmosphere, further worsening air quality. The lowest temperature recorded in the city was −1.5 °C on June 25, 1918. The highest temperature was 39.0 °C, observed on 17 November 1985. The highest cumulative rainfall recorded in 24 hours in the city between June 1988 and October 2008 was 143.4 mm in 25 days May 2005. Between 1890 and 2004 there were 41 occurrences of frost in Campinas. The most recent was on July 18, 2000, when the minimum temperature reached 2.2 °C. There are also occasional episodes of strong winds, with gusts exceeding 100 km / h, and training records were made in the city day May 4, 2001 and March 9, 2008.

The wet season is from mid-October to mid-April, with heavier rains particularly in December, January, February and early March, and the dry season is from mid-May to mid-September. Average rainfall is 24.3 mm in August and 267.8 mm in January. Average humidity ranges from 37% (August) to 56% (January).

In the region around Campinas near the state of Minas Gerais there are a number of cities which enjoy an even milder mountain climate, such as Serra Negra, Socorro, Lindóia and Águas de Lindóia, where several water spas are located.

Climate data for Campinas, Brazil (1890–2012)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	36.1 (97)	35.8 (96.4)	34.5 (94.1)	33.6 (92.5)	32.4 (90.3)	30.0 (86)	31.2 (88.2)	35.0 (95)	37.8 (100)	37.8 (100)	37.8 (100)	36.8 (98.2)	37.8 (100)
Average high °C (°F)	28.9 (84)	29.1 (84.4)	28.7 (83.7)	27.2 (81)	25.0 (77)	24.0 (75.2)	24.2 (75.6)	26.1 (79)	27.0 (80.6)	27.8 (82)	28.3 (82.9)	28.4 (83.1)	27.1 (80.8)
Average low °C (°F)	18.6 (65.5)	19.0 (66.2)	18.2 (64.8)	16.2 (61.2)	13.6 (56.5)	12.0 (53.6)	11.4 (52.5)	12.6 (54.7)	14.4 (57.9)	15.9 (60.6)	16.9 (62.4)	18.0 (64.4)	15.5 (59.9)
Record low °C (°F)	10.1 (50.2)	10.4 (50.7)	10.0 (50)	3.8 (38.8)	0.2 (32.4)	−1.5 (29.3)	−0.2 (31.6)	0.2 (32.4)	1.8 (35.2)	5.2 (41.4)	8.0 (46.4)	9.5 (49.1)	−1.5 (29.3)
Precipitation mm (inches)	280.3 (11.035)	215.9 (8.5)	162.3 (6.39)	58.6 (2.307)	63.3 (2.492)	35.4 (1.394)	43.3 (1.705)	22.9 (0.902)	59.5 (2.343)	123.5 (4.862)	155.6 (6.126)	203.9 (8.028)	1,424.5 (56.083)
% humidity	57	54	50	47	46	43	41	36	43	46	49	54	47
Source: IAC - Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (Temperaturas) / CEPAGRI-UNICAMP (Outros dados)

Demographics

"Coronel Quirino" Street in the upper-class residential area of the Cambuí district

Luxury condos at Cambuí, a wealthy neighbourhood of Campinas

Mormon Temple in Campinas

According to the 2010 IBGE Census, and as November 2010, Campinas had a population of 1,080,999 and a population density of 1358.6 (inhabitants / km ²). Infant mortality levels were at up to 1 year (per thousand): 14.05 and life expectation in the city was 72.22 years. The fertility rate was at 1.78 children per woman. 96.01 of the populace could read.

Human Development Index (HDI-M): 0.852 (high)
HDI-M Income: 0.845 (high)
HDI-M Longevity: 0.787
HDI-M Education: 0.925 (very high)

(Source: DATA)

Ethnicity

Source: 2000 census:

Color / Race	%
White	74.0%
Black	5.6%
Pardo	18.4%
Asian	0.9%
Indigenous	0.2%

Composition

Source: 2010 Census Population (IBGE): 1,080,999

Population	% / inhabitants
Urban area	98,28% / 1,062,453
Rural area	1,72% / 18,546

Sex	% / inhabitants
Male	48,22% / 521,209
Female	51,78% / 559,790

Metropolitan region

Administrative micro-region of Campinas. The outlying municipality names in red are also part of the Metropolitan Region of Campinas.

Metropolitan Region of Campinas.

As of 2010, Campinas became an official metropolitan region (RMC — Região Metropolitana de Campinas), with 19 municipalities, with a total of 2.8 million inhabitants and a total land area of 3,348 km² (data of 2010), adjacent to the São Paulo metropolitan region (RMSP). The Campinas Metropolitan area also comprehends a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of R$ 70.7 billion (around U$ 42 billion).

The Campinas municipality is also the administrative center of the micro- and meso-regions of the same name. The micro-region includes the RMC (Metropolitan Region of Campinas) and the municipality of Elias Fausto; the meso-region also includes the following municipalities: Aguaí, Amparo, Águas da Prata, Águas de Lindóia, Caconde, Casa Branca, Divinolândia, Espírito Santo do Pinhal, Estiva Gerbi, Itapira, Itobi, Lindóia, Mococa, Mogi Guaçu, Moji-Mirim, Monte Alegre do Sul, Pedra Bela, Pinhalzinho, Pirassununga, Porto Ferreira, Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, Santo Antônio do Jardim, São João da Boa Vista, São José do Rio Pardo, São Sebastião da Grama, Serra Negra, Socorro, Tambaú, Tapiratiba, Vargem Grande do Sul and Vinhedo.

Other cities which are geographically, historically or economically tied to the meso-region of Campinas could be mentioned: Araras, Atibaia, Bragança Paulista, Capivari, Conchal, Iracemápolis, Itu, Itupeva, Jarinu, Jundiai, Limeira, Louveira, Mombuca, Morungaba, Piracicaba, Rafard, Rio das Pedras, Salto and Tuiuti.

Campinas city view

Economy

Socio-economic conditions

Low-cost apartments under construction.

Despite Campinas' position of wealth and social and economic opportunity vis-a-vis the rest of the country, the average per capita income of little more than US$ 17,700 per year clearly indicates that there are problems. If re-evaluated in terms of PPP (Purchasing Power Parity), Campinas' average income looks better (roughly 12,300 USD per year).

Culture

The city has always been a cultural center in the State of São Paulo. This has increased greatly with the proliferation of universities. Campinas has three theater houses, a symphony orchestra, (considered one of the three best of the country), now under Principal Conductor Parcival Módolo and Karl Martin, classical music ensembles, choral groups, 43 movie screens and over a dozen cinemas, dozens of libraries (including a municipal library), art galleries, museums, etc.

Tourism and recreation

Jardim Proença, a neighborhood of Campinas, as seen from north.

Swimming in the Tennis Club of Campinas (TCC).

Tourist attractions include:

the Bosque dos Jequitibás, an urban preserved wooded area reminiscent of the original rain forest that covered the region in the past: it has a small zoo with local fauna and a natural history museum
the Cathedral, which was built in the 19th century; its interior is entirely made of jacaranda wood sculptures and works. It was made using a technique called "taipa de pilão" using clay and rocks – it is one of the largest buildings in the world using this construction technique;^[18]
the Central Market, with typical stall stands full of fresh product of the region
the old Central Railway Station, now converted to a cultural center;
Centro de Convivência, a cultural complex of theater, an open arena for concerts and spectacles, and a plaza where Campinas Symphony Orchestra often plays to the public;
the Castelo (Castle) Water Tower, which provides a beautiful view over the downtown;
the Historical Railway Society of Campinas, which maintains the Anhumas station, a set of steam locomotives and full carriages and which promotes regular trips along a picturesque region dotted with old coffee farms;
the Lagoa do Taquaral Park, a much-beloved urban lagoon and adjacent wooded park, includes: a planetarium, a science museum, an indoor sports stadium and swimming pool, kart racing (now deactivated) and model airplane areas, an open concert auditorium, a floating caravel replica, an electric tramway (streetcar line), pedal boats, plus facilities for several types of sports, including a long track for running and walking;

Campinas' readers of the Correio Popular newspaper and the Cosmo Website have voted in July 2007 for the "Seven Wonders of Campinas".^[19]

The mountain region around Campinas has better travel and stay opportunities, such as in the spa cities of Serra Negra and Águas de Lindóia; and in Holambra, a rural region which was populated by immigrants from the Netherlands, with an annual flower festival and typical buildings and restaurants.

Sports

Campinas is home to two football clubs nationally recognized: Associação Atlética Ponte Preta and Guarani Futebol Clube, who perform "Campineiro derby" match that is considered one of the most traditional of the state occurring since 1912. There is also Red Bull Brasil, which was created in November 2007 and lately has gained significant prominence. Women's football also has been outstanding, albeit amateur. In the story also revealed other clubs, such as Mogiana Sports Club, which was created in June 7, 1933 and came into bankruptcy in the 60s.

The city also has three major venues: Estádio Brinco de Ouro da Princesa, owned by the Guarani, which opened in 1953 and today has a capacity of around 32,341 people, Sport and Recreation Centre in Campinas Dr. Horacio Antonio da Costa (Cerecamp Stadium or Mogiana Stadium), which belongs to the state of São Paulo and was opened in 1940, besides the Estádio Moisés Lucarelli, owned by Ponte Preta, which was built by its own supporters, and founded in 1948 and has the capacity to 19,722 visitors. It is popular known as "Majestoso" (The Majestic One), for being the third largest stadium in Brazil as the year of its foundation, smaller only than Pacaembu, in São Paulo and São Januário, in Rio de Janeiro.

The city is still home to several sporting events in other modalities, such as Corrida Integração (Integration Race), which is held since 1983 by Pioneer Broadcasters Television (EPTV), being divided into two modes (a 5 km-dedicated to the disabled and wheelchair users, and another 10 km, the normal). Campinas also has tradition in the Open Games of the Interior, created in 1936 and competition involving various sports. Four times, hosted the competition (1939, 1945, 1960 and 1994), and ten times the city came out as the winner of the competition (1939, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1971, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979), being the third city which has won the most competition. In tennis there is the Tennis Club of Campinas (CBT), which was created in 1913, offering, in addition to the blocks of the sport, swimming pools, courts for basketball and soccer, as well as rooms suitable for the practice of judo, gymnastics and dance. Club de Regatas Campineiro and Swim (CCRN) also provides space for the practice of various types of Olympic sports.

Government

The current mayor is Jonas Donizette.

The city has been through turbulent years in politics lately; the previous mayor was Pedro Serafim Júnior, a doctor, bachelor in Law, and was elected alderman for the first time in 1996, and reelected three times. Thanks to the cassation of Demétrio Vilagra and Hélio de Oliveira Santos, he was indirectly elected as mayor.

The municipality is subdivided into one main district and four subdistricts, Joaquim Egídio, Sousas, Barão Geraldo and Nova Aparecida. There are also 14 regional administrations.

The Secretariat of International Cooperation (SMCI) was created on April 28, 1994. It is one of the 18 Secretariats of the City Hall of Campinas and it is currently located in that building.^[20]

Its mains goals are:

the attraction and facilititaion for the arrival of new investments to the city;
the expansion of the companies activities that are already established in the city;
the perpetuation of the relations between the city, its international community and partners, such as the Sister-Cities.

The Secretariat also acts as supporter to other secretariats in the City Hall, often through: the identification of national and foreign potentials investors; keeping systematic contacts with executives in Brazil and abroad, Embassies, Chambers of Commerces and relevant International Organizations; presenting Campinas to the cities and interested investors.

Mayors

Orozimbo Maia – 1904, 1908–1910, 1926–1930
Ruy Hellmeister Novais – 1956–1959, 1964–1969
Orestes Quércia – 1969–1972
Lauro Péricles Gonçalves; 1973–1976
Francisco Amaral; 1977–1982
José Roberto Magalhães Teixeira – 1983–1988, 1993–1996 (died of cancer while in office)
Francisco Amaral – 1977–1982, 1997–2001
Jacó Bittar – 1989-1992
Antonio da Costa Santos (Toninho) – 2001 (murdered while in office)
Izalene Tiene – 2001–2005
Hélio de Oliveira Santos (Dr. Hélio) – 2005–2011 (deposed)
Demétrio Vilagra – 2011(removed)
Pedro Serafim Júnior – 2011
Demétrio Vilagra – 2011 (deposed)
Pedro Serafim Júnior – 2011–2012 (interim)
Jonas Donizete – 2013–present

Infrastructure

Dom Pedro I motorway, part of Campinas Beltway.

Bus Terminal.

Transportation

Campinas is a major transportation and telecommunications hub for the State of São Paulo, as it is located on the major motorways that connect the capital to the Northwest and Northern parts of the State. The city is served by the a Campinas Beltway (Anel Viário) and the following main motorways:

Rodovia Anhangüera
Rodovia dos Bandeirantes
Rodovia Santos Dumont
Rodovia Dom Pedro I
Rodovia Adhemar de Barros
Rodovia Professor Zeferino Vaz
Rodovia Jornalista Francisco Aguirre Proença

All these motorways are built according to the highest international standards (see highway system of São Paulo).^[21] The Anel Viário José Magalhães Teixeira (SP-038) around the city currently interconnects the Anhangüera and Dom Pedro I motorways.

Campinas has long been a major railway hub, too, although passenger train lines no longer operate there. The city built a light rail line in the early-1990s, but due to low ridership the entire project was abandoned.

The main airport of the city is Viracopos International Airport, located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) from downtown Campinas and 99 kilometres (62 mi) from the city of São Paulo, and can be reached by three motorways: Santos Dumont, Bandeirantes and Anhanguera. Because of the size and wealth of the regional population around Campinas, and its industrial sector which relies strongly on importation and exportation, the airport today is one of the airport's operator (Infraero) highest priorities to receive investments.

Due to the operation of several passenger airlines, such as TAM Airlines, Gol Airlines, Trip Airlines and, more recently, Azul Airlines, which has made Viracopos as its main national hub, the airport is now also the third in the ranking of highest passenger movement in the state of São Paulo. A fast train line is planned for connecting the capital city of São Paulo to the Viracopos airport, thus enhancing its importance in the air transportation in Brazil.

A second facility, Campo dos Amarais Airport located 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from downtown Campinas, is dedicated to general aviation.

Communications

Although the city has a complex system of communication today, Campinas was the third city in the world to adopt the technology of the telephone in 1883, after Chicago and Rio de Janeiro, where 57 machines were installed.^{[citation needed]}

Campinas area phone code is 19.^[22] The city is also a major hub for cable, fiber optic, microwave and satellite communication network.^{[citation needed]} COMSAT operates near Campinas one of the largest satellite ground stations in Latin America,^{[citation needed]} and the National Research and Education Network (Rede Nacional de Pesquisa e Educação) has a high-capacity point of presence (POP) in the city.

Education

Typical buildings at Unicamp.

Unicamp students.

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum.

Universities and colleges

Unicamp (Universidade Estadual de Campinas);
INPG Business School (Instituto Nacional de Pós-Graduação) - INPG campus in Campinas; Nationally ranked MBA School by Magazine Você S/A, Edition Nov/2010.
PUC-Campinas (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas);
UNIP (Universidade Paulista);
FACAMP (Faculdades de Campinas);
METROCAMP (Faculdade Integrada Metropolitana de Campinas);
IPEP (Faculdades Integradas IPEP);
UNISAL (Centro Universitário Salesiano de São Paulo);
USF (Universidade São Francisco);
ESAMC (Escola Superior de Administração, Marketing e Comunicação);
Universidade Mackenzie;
FAC (Faculdades Comunitárias de Campinas);
Faculdades Fleming;
Faculdade de Odontologia São Leopoldo Mandic.

Technical schools

ETE Bento Quirino (Escola Técnica Estadual Bento Quirino)
ETEC (Escola Técnica de Campinas)
ETECAP (Escola Técnica Estadual Conselheiro Antonio Prado)
POLI Bentinho (Colégio Politécnico Bento Quirino)
COTUCA (Colégio Técnico da Universidade de Campinas)

Media

Three daily newspapers are published in Campinas, all owned by media company Rede Anhangüera de Comunicação: Correio Popular, Diário do Povo and Notícia Já (a tabloid). Several other local newspapers with weekly or monthly circulation are also published. Several magazines are also published in Campinas, the largest one being Metrópole, which circulates on Sundays as a supplement to Correio Popular.

The city has also a large number of radio stations as well as several local TV stations, including TV Universidades and Fenix TV (both not-for-profit), distributed by Net Campinas, the local cable distributor.

Campinas was the first city in Brazil, outside the capitals of Brazilian states, which received the transmission in digital signal for TV, by EPTV, an affiliate of Rede Globo, on October 3, 2008.^[23] It currently has the second TV station that also broadcasts the signal by TVB, now an affiliate of Rede Record, since February 2011 (before SBT, when it began in May 8, 2010).^[24]

Notable people

Campos Sales (politician, fourth president of Brazil)
Carlos Gomes (opera composer)
Nelsinho Baptista (footballer)
Olavo de Carvalho (philosopher and writer)
Lovefoxxx (singer)
Rubem Alves (philosopher and writer)
Marcelo Damy (physicist)
Gilberto de Nucci (physician and biomedical researcher)
Renato M.E. Sabbatini (biomedical scientist and writer)
Regina Duarte (actress)
Hércules Florence (inventor)
Luís Fabiano – (footballer)
Carlos Roberto Martins (entrepreneur)
Crodowaldo Pavan (biologist and scientist)
José Aristodemo Pinotti (physician, former dean of UNICAMP)
Cassio Raposo do Amaral (plastic surgeon and researcher)
Zeferino Vaz (physician, former dean of UNICAMP)
Hilda Hilst (writer)
José Pancetti (painter)
Sandy Leah (singer)

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Campinas is twinned with:^[25]

Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brazil since 1983; Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brazil since 2007; Belém, Pará, Brazil since 2003; Gifu, Japan, since 1982; Cascais, Portugal, since 2012;^[26] San Martín de Porres, Bolivia, since 1981;	Malito, Italy, since 2006; Fuzhou, China, since 1996; San Diego, USA, since 1995; Indianapolis, USA, since 2009; Córdoba, Argentina, since 1993; Novi Sad, Serbia, since 1989;	Concepción, Chile, since 1979; Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire, since 1982; Asunción, Paraguay, since 1973; Jericho, Palestine, since 2003; Auroville, India, since 2004; Durban, South Africa, since 2009;

Cooperative agreements

Campinas and the following cities have agreed upon sisterhood Protocol of Intentions:

Turin, Italy; Fushun, China; Jingan, China; Bissau, Guinea-Bissau;	Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolívia; Chitato, Angola; Cotorro, Cuba; Fundão, Portugal, since 2012^[26]

References

↑ "Censo 2010: população do Brasil é de 190.732.694 pessoas". Retrieved April 29, 2011.
↑ IBGE :: Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística
↑ http://www.campineirautilidades.com.br Campineira Utilities
↑ "Campinas faz 233 anos hoje" (in Portuguese). Correio Popular. 2007-07-14. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
↑ http://www.internations.org/campinas-expats/italians Italians in Campinas
↑ http://www.gounin.net/ACGUS/acgbious.htm Carlos Gomes Biography
↑ http://www.ayrtonmarcondes.com.br/blog/?page_id=307 Campos Salles
↑ http://latin.discovery.com/features/000914langsdorff/langsdorffhome.html Hercules Florence
↑ "Site oficial do Parque das Bandeiras Shopping". Retrieved July 9, 2012.
↑ IT industries in Campinas
↑ "CONTRATO DE TRANSPORTE AÉREO DE PASSAGEIROS "TRIP"." TRIP Linhas Aéreas. Retrieved on July 5, 2010. "TRIP LINHAS AÉREAS, sociedade com sede na Av. Brasil, n.1394, Jardim Giuanabara, no Município de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo..."
↑ Automotive industry in Campinas
↑ Pharmaceutical industry sector in Campinas
↑ Business incubators and industrial parks in Campinas
↑ Petroleum in Campinas
↑ Ethanol in Campinas
↑ Biotechnology in Campinas
↑
↑
↑
↑ Highways in Campinas
↑ "Campinas DDD area phone code" (in Portuguese). 2012-08-12.
↑ Campinas is the first city with digital TV away from the capital (pt)
↑ Another Digital TV channel in Campinas (pt)
↑ "Malito torna-se cidade-irmã de Campinas". www.campinas.sp.gov.br.
↑ 26.0 26.1 "Campinas assina acordo de cidade-irmã com Cascais em Portugal". Retrieved July 9, 2012.

External links

Find more about Campinas at Wikipedia's sister projects
	Definitions and translations from Wiktionary
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	Travel guide from Wikivoyage
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Official home page (in Portuguese).

Coordinates: 22°54′03.29″S 47°03′26.26″W / 22.9009139°S 47.0572944°W / -22.9009139; -47.0572944

Brazil

Society

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Outline Index

Category Portal WikiProject

Demographics of Brazil

Ethnic groups

Brazil

Brazilian
Indigenous peoples
mestiço or mixed-race
- ainoko
- pardo [caboclo
- cafuzo
- juçara
- mulato]
- sarará

Africa

By ethnicity	Black quilombola Kalunga

West Africa	Angolan Cape Verdean Nigerian

Americas

North America	American confederados

Caribbean	Barbadian Haitian

South America	Argentine Bolivian Chilean Paraguayan Peruvian Uruguayan

Asia

By ethnicity

By country
or region

Eastern	Chinese Taiwanese Japanese Okinawan Korean Macanese

Southern	East Indian

Western	Armenian Arab Lebanese Palestinian Syrian

Europe

By ethnicity

By country
or region

Central	Austrian Croatian Czech German Pomeranian Hungarian Polish Swiss

Eastern	Russian Ukrainian

Northern	Finnish Latvian Lithuanian Scandinavian Icelandic

Southern	Bulgarian Greek Italian Sicilian Venetian Macedonian Portuguese Spaniard Basque Catalan Galician

Western	Belgian Dutch English French Irish Luxembourger Scottish

50 largest cities of Brazil by population

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