Camp X-Ray (Guantanamo)

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For the film, see Camp X-Ray (film).
Camp X-Ray, shown here under construction, was a temporary holding facility for detainees held at U.S. Naval Base Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.

Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp of Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the U.S. Naval Base in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. The first twenty detainees arrived at Guantanamo on 11 January 2002.[1][2] It was named Camp X-Ray because various temporary camps in the station were named sequentially from the beginning and then from the end of the NATO phonetic alphabet. The legal status of detainees at the camp, as well as government processes for trying their cases, has been a significant source of controversy; several landmark cases have been determined by the United States Supreme Court.

As of 29 April 2002, the official Camp X-Ray was closed and all prisoners were transferred to Camp Delta.

Background

Detainees upon arrival at Camp X-Ray, January 2002

Camp X-Ray was originally built to house "excludables" in the mid 1990s when Fidel Castro allowed any Cuban wishing to do so, to cross through the Cuban-operated minefields and enter the base. Excludables were held in Camp X-ray near Post 37 before being sent back to Cuba. Excludables included troublemakers from the regular camps, where the United States was processing Cuban Asylum Seekers (CAS) for emigration to the United States. The US government was at the time allowed access to Cuban records to process these people. Over 100,000 CAS were processed in the mid-1990s and allowed to enter the United States.

During the War on Terror, beginning in the fall of 2001 after the 9/11 attacks, the US reestablished the camp for housing captured combatants. The supervision and care of these detainees at Camp X-Ray was handled by Joint Task Force 160 (JTF-160), while interrogations were conducted by Joint Task Force 170 (JTF-170).[3][4][5][6] JTF-160 was under the command of Marine Brigadier General Michael R. Lehnert until March 2002, when he was replaced by Brigadier General Rick Baccus. Since Camp X-Ray's closure and the subsequent opening of Camp Delta, JTF-160 and 170 have been combined into Joint Task Force Guantanamo (JTF-GTMO).

In accordance with U.S. military and Geneva Convention doctrine on prisoner treatment, soldiers guarding the detainees were housed in tents with living conditions "not markedly different" from that of the prisoners while the permanent facilities at Camp Delta were under construction.[7] This camp was one of several locations managed by the United States where prisoners have alleged they suffered torture by US agents in relation to interrogation.[8][9]

Dick Cheney, then Vice President, said:

"Prisoners could be detained until the end of the natural conflict in Iraq and Afghanistan."[10]

Forensic examination

According to Carol Rosenberg, writing for the Miami Herald, Camp X-Ray was visited by a court-ordered forensic FBI team in November 2009.[11] The team spent a week photographing the camp and searching for evidence of abuse of prisoners. They found none.[11]

See also

Brandon Neely

X-Ray guard Brandon Neely later admitted throwing prisoners to the ground. In 2009, he tracked two inmates down and apologized for his treatment of them, saying that he still felt guilty.[12] Neely also became involved with the organization Iraq Veterans Against the War.[13]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Camp X-Ray.
  1. ↑ Jim Garamone (15 January 2002). "50 Detainees now at Gitmo; All Treated Humanely". Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-29. 
  2. ↑ Victoria Clarke (15 January 2002). "DoD News Briefing – ASD PA Clarke and Rear Adm. Stufflebeem". Department of Defense. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-29. 
  3. ↑ Stephen Robinson (22 March 2009). "The Least Worst Place: How Guantanamo Became the World's Most Notorious Prison by Karen Greenberg". London: The Times. Retrieved 2009-03-23. 
  4. ↑ Karen J. Greenberg (25 January 2009). "When Gitmo Was (Relatively) Good". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  5. ↑ Karen J. Greenberg (March 2009). The Least Worst Place: Guantanamo's First 100 Days. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-537188-8. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  6. ↑ Karen J. Greenberg (26 January 2009). "Outlook: When Gitmo Was (Relatively) Good". Washington Post. Retrieved 2009-03-18. 
  7. ↑ "Interview: Thomas Berg". PBS Frontline. 18 October 2005. Retrieved 2008-09-01. 
  8. ↑ Daniel McGrory (2 October 2004). "Camp X-Ray Briton tells of his ‘torture’". London: Times Newspapers Ltd. (UK). Retrieved 2009-03-28. 
  9. ↑ Paisley Dodds (9 October 2003). "Dark Age torture at Camp X-ray". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 2009-03-28. 
  10. ↑ "No POW rights for Cuba prisoners". BBC News. 27 January 2002. 
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Carol Rosenberg (15 November 2009). "U.S. plans for end of Guantánamo prison camps". Miami Herald. Archived from the original on 16 November 2009. 
  12. ↑ Lee, Gavin (2010-01-12). "Guantanamo guard reunited with ex-inmates". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-04-28. 
  13. ↑ Stelter, Brian (2010-01-11). "Guantánamo Reunion, by Way of BBC". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-04-28. 

   
  • Camp one -- April 2002 -- open air cages, but with plumbing
  • Camp two -- open air cages, but with plumbing
  • Camp three -- open air cages, but with plumbing
  • Camp four -- more pleasant surroundings for the most compliant detainees
  • Camp five -- permanent facility modeled after a bureau of prison maximum security facility
  • Camp Five Echo "disciplinary block" for "non-compliant" prisoners
  • Camp six -- permanent facility modeled after a bureau of prison maximum security facility
  • Camp seven -- secret location, former CIA "high value detainees" held here
  • Camp No (Camp seven) -- secret interrogation center
  • Camp X-Ray -- January - April 2002 -- open air cages with no plumbing
  • Camp Delta -- blanket term used to refer to most of the other camps
  • Camp Iguana -- originally held child detainees, now holds the men determined to be innocent
  • Camp Echo -- isolation cells, and cells where detainees are held prior to meeting their lawyers
  • Guantanamo psychiatric ward -- opened in March 2003
  • Strawberry Fields -- black site run by the CIA
Controversies surrounding people captured during the War on Terror
Guantanamo Bay
detention camp
CIA black site operations
Prison and detainee abuse
Prison uprisings
and escapes
Deaths in custody
Tortured
Forced disappearances
Reports and legislation
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