California landslides

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Landslides in California occur mainly due to intense rainfall but occasionally are triggered by earthquakes. Landslides are common in Southern California, the San Francisco Bay Area and other parts of Northern California, and the Sierra Nevada. Although they most often are reported when they impact residential developments, landslides also damage roads, railroads, pipelines, electrical lines, and other infrastructure throughout the state, and occur in unoccupied parts of the state.

California Geological Survey

Main article: California Geological Survey

CGS is California's primary source of geologic and seismologic products and services for decision making by California’s government agencies, its businesses and the public.[1]
Since the 1960s, when it was known as the California Division of Mines and Geology, CGS has produced many maps that depict landslide features and potential slope-failure areas. CGS products have included geologic maps and reports for land-use planning, landslide hazard identification maps, watershed maps, and earthquake-triggered landslide-zone maps. Many of these maps were advisory in nature: cities and counties could choose to use or ignore them.[2] However, watershed maps are routinely used in the review of timber harvest plans outside federally owned lands.[3] CGS has a legislatively mandated Seismic Hazards Zonation Program that produces regulatory maps areas where the probability of liquefaction and earthquake-triggered landslides are significant enough to require site evaluation prior to most developments.[4]

Landslide Maps in California and Laws and Regulations

The State of California Department of Conservation produces regulatory maps showing locations where the hazard from earthquake-triggered landslides must be evaluated prior to specific types of land-use development in accordance with provisions of Public Resources Code, Section 2690 et seq. (Seismic Hazards Mapping Act). These maps and related products incorporate evaluations of probabilistic ground shaking and existing geologic conditions. Recently released landslide inventory and related hazard zone maps are available free from the CGS website.[5] Watershed maps, used in the review of timber harvest plans (regulated by the California Department of Forestry) are available for downloading in PDF and GIS data formats.[6]

From 1983 through 1994, CGS was directed to produce Landslide Hazard Identification Maps under the State's Landslide Hazard Identification Act. Though of high quality and designed for land-use planning purposes, the Act did not require local governments to use the maps. The Act was repealed January 1, 1995 per a sunset provision in the Act.[7] Those maps, and many older non-regulatory landslide-related products are available for purchase from CGS offices.

List of Historic California Landslides

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  • April 18, 1906. The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake reportedly triggered numerous landslides, including one at Devil's Slide, where the Ocean Shore Railroad had parked more than $1 million in construction equipment. All of that equipment was lost because of landslide movement.[8]
  • January 3–5, 1982 landslides in San Francisco Bay Area. Landslides killed 25 people and caused at least $66 million in damage.[9] [10]
  • La Conchita mudslide in La Conchita, California, United States on January 10, 2005, killed 10 people and destroyed 18 homes.[11]
  • Devil's Slide, an ongoing landslide in San Mateo County, California [12]

See also

References

  1. ↑ California Geological Survey. "Welcome to the California Geological Survey". Author. Retrieved 3 March 2012. 
  2. ↑ Smith, Theodore C.; & McKamey, Bea (2000). "Summary of outreach activities for California's Seismic Hazards Mapping Program, 1996–1998". California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 121. 
  3. ↑ California Geological Survey. "Forest and Watershed Geology Program". Author. Retrieved 3 March 2012. 
  4. ↑ Smith, Theodore C.; & McKamey, Bea (2000). "Summary of outreach activities for California's Seismic Hazards Mapping Program, 1996–1998". California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 121. 
  5. ↑ California Geological Survey. "Landslides". Author. Retrieved 3 March 2012. 
  6. ↑ California Geological Survey. "Forest and Watershed Geology Program". Author. 
  7. ↑ Smith, Theodore C.; & McKamey, Bea (2000). "Summary of outreach activities for California's Seismic Hazards Mapping Program, 1996–1998". California Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 121. 
  8. ↑ San Francisco Trains. "A brief history of the Ocean Shore Railroad". Author. Retrieved 3 March 2012. 
  9. ↑ Ellen, S.D.; & Wieczorek, G.F. (1988). "Landslides, floods, and marine effects of the storm of January 3-5, 1982, in the San Francisco Bay region, California". U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1434. 
  10. ↑ Smith, T.C.; & Hart, E.W. (July 1982). "Landslides and related storm damage, January 1982, San Francisco Bay region". California Geology 35 (7): 139–152. 
  11. ↑ Jibson, Randall W. (2005). "Landslide Hazards at La Conchita, California". U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 05-1067. Retrieved 3 March 2012. 
  12. ↑ Landslides

External links

  • Public Resources Code, Section 2690 et seq. (Seismic Hazards Mapping Act).
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