Calcium sulfide

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Calcium sulfide
IUPAC name

Calcium sulfide

Other names

Calcium monosulfide,
Hepar calcies,
Sulfurated lime
Oldhamite

Identifiers
CAS number 20548-54-3 YesY
PubChem 10197613
ChemSpider 8373113 YesY
UNII 1MBW07J51Q N
EC number 243-873-5
KEGG C17392 N
Jmol-3D images {{#if:[Ca]=S[Ca+2].[S-2]|Image 1
Image 2
Properties
Molecular formula CaS
Molar mass 72.143 g/mol
Appearance white crystals
hygroscopic
Density 2.59 g/cm3
Melting point 2525 °C
Solubility in water slightly soluble
Solubility insoluble in alcohol
reacts with acid
Refractive index (nD) 2.137
Structure
Crystal structure Halite (cubic), cF8
Space group Fm3m, No. 225
Coordination
geometry		 Octahedral (Ca2+); octahedral (S2–)
Hazards
EU Index 016-004-00-0
EU classification Irritant (Xi)
Dangerous for the environment (N)
R-phrases R31, R36/37/38, R50
S-phrases (S2), S28, S61
Main hazards H2S source
NFPA 704
1
2
1
Related compounds
Other anions Calcium oxide
Other cations Magnesium sulfide
Strontium sulfide
Barium sulfide
Related sulfides Sodium sulfide
 N (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Calcium sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula CaS. This white material crystallizes in cubes like rock salt. CaS has been studied as a component in a process that would recycle gypsum, a product of flue-gas desulfurization. Like many salts containing sulfide ions, CaS typically has an odour of H2S, which results from small amount of this gas formed by hydrolysis of the salt.

In terms of its atomic structure, CaS crystallizes in the same motif as sodium chloride indicating that the bonding in this material is highly ionic. The high melting point is also consistent with its description as an ionic solid. In the crystal, each S2− ion is surrounded by an octahedron of six Ca2+ ions, and complementarily, each Ca2+ ion surrounded by six S2− ions.

Production

CaS is produced by "carbothermic reduction" of calcium sulfate, which entails the conversion of carbon, usually as charcoal, to carbon dioxide:

CaSO4 + 2 C → CaS + 2 CO2

and can react further:

3 CaSO4 + CaS → 4 CaO + 4 SO2

In the second reaction the sulfate (+6 oxidation state) oxidizes the sulfide (-2 oxidation state) to sulfur dioxide (+4 oxidation state), while it is being reduced to sulfur dioxide itself (+4 oxidation state).

CaS is also a byproduct in the Leblanc process.

Reactivity and uses

Calcium sulfide decomposes upon contact with water, including moist air, giving a mixture of Ca(SH)2, Ca(OH)2, and Ca(SH)(OH).

CaS + H2O → Ca(SH)(OH)
Ca(SH)(OH) + H2O → Ca(OH)2 + H2S

Milk of lime, Ca(OH)2, reacts with elemental sulfur to give a "lime-sulfur", which has been used as an insecticide. The active ingredient is probably a calcium polysulfide, not CaS.[1]

It reacts with acids such as hydrochloric acid to release toxic hydrogen sulfide gas.

CaS + 2 HCl → CaCl2 + H2S

Natural occurrence

Oldhamite is the name for mineralogical form of CaS. It is a rare component of some meteorites and has scientific importance in solar nebula research. Burning of coal dumps can also produce the compound.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
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