Cairnburgh Castle

Cairnburgh Castle is a ruined castle that is located on the islands of Cairn na Burgh Mòr and Cairn na Burgh Beag, Argyll and Bute, Scotland. These islands are at the northern extremity of the Treshnish Isles at the mouth of Loch Tuath, Mull north of Iona.^[1] 1991's The Changing Scottish Landscape characterizes it as "one of the most isolated fortifications in Britain...[and] also one of the strangest."^[2]

Structure

An unusual feature of the castle its that its defences straddle both islands. Cairn na Burgh Mòr contains a barrack block, chapel, courtyard and guard-house and its smaller companion isle has another guard-house and a well.^[1]

History

13th century

The castle, which may have begun its existence as a Viking fortress called Kiarnaborg, has been held by a variety of individuals since its first recorded appearance in 1249.^[1] It is mentioned in the 13th century Hákonar saga Hákonarsonar as the property of an island king of the family of Somerled, demanded of him by Alexander III of Scotland.^[3] The Gazetteer for Scotland reports that the castle's owner at least from 1249 to 1269 was Clan MacDougall,^[1] descendants of Somerled through his son Dubgall.^[4] When the MacDougall clan supported John de Balliol against Robert de Brus in the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Crown seized the castle. Temporarily occupied by Clan MacDonald, it at some point became the property of Clan MacLean.^[1]

16th century

While the property of the MacLeans, the castle was the location of several conflicts,^[1] but it was extremely well defended by the cliffs that surrounded it.^[2][5] It was besieged in 1504 by James IV when the MacLeans rebelled in favor of Domhnall Dubh, chief of Clan Donald.

17th century

It was briefly taken in 1647 during the War of the Three Kingdoms by General David Leslie. In the next decade, it was torched by Oliver Cromwell's New Model Army.^[1] The fire likely caused the demise of a number of manuscripts that had been conveyed to the castle for safety from Iona after the 1561 Act calling for the destruction of "Monuments of Idolatry".^[6] In 1679, it stood against the Campbells, but did not stand when attacked again in 1692.^[1][5]

18th century

Twice during the Jacobite Risings, in 1715 and 1745, the government used Cairnsburgh to house troops.^[1] In 1759 it was the birthplace of author Isabella Kelly.^[7]

References

• Cairn na burgh beg
• Cairn na burgh more
• Cairnburgh Castle
• Corcoran, James Andrew; Patrick John Ryan; Edmond Francis Prendergast (1902). The American Catholic quarterly review. Hardy and Mahony. Retrieved 6 June 2010. 
• Marsden, John (1 January 2010). Somerled: And the Emergence of Gaelic Scotland. Tuckwell Press, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-904607-80-9. Retrieved 6 June 2010. 
• Skene, William F. (1876). Celtic Scotland: a history of ancient Alban. Edmonston & Douglas. Retrieved 6 June 2010. 
• Stewart, William; Steven Barfield (July 2007). British and Irish poets: a biographical dictionary, 449-2006. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-2891-5. Retrieved 6 June 2010. 
• Whyte, Ian D.; Kathleen A. Whyte (1991). The changing Scottish landscape, 1500-1800. Taylor & Francis. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-0-415-02992-6. Retrieved 6 June 2010. 
• Whyte, Ian D.; Kathleen A. Whyte (1990). On the trail of the Jacobites. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-03334-3. Retrieved 6 June 2010. 

Notes

Coordinates: 56°31′6″N 6°22′52″W / 56.51833°N 6.38111°W / 56.51833; -6.38111