CYP2E1
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (abbreviated CYP2E1, EC 1.14.13.n7), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body. In humans, the CYP2E1 enzyme is encoded by the CYP2E1 gene.[1] While it is involved in the oxidative metabolism of a small range of substrates (mostly small polar molecules), there are many important drug interactions mediated by CYP2E1.
Most drugs undergo deactivation by CYP2E1, either directly or by facilitated excretion from the body. Also, many substances are bioactivated by CYP2E1 to form their active compounds (for examples - see table below)
CYP2E1, as well as alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, is an important enzyme for the conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde and to acetate in humans.[2]
CYP2E1 ligands
Following is a table of selected substrates, inducers and inhibitors of CYP2E1. Where classes of agents are listed, there may be exceptions within the class.
| Substrates | Inhibitors | Inducers |
|---|---|---|
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Regulation
Within one day of birth, the rat hepatic CYP2E1 gene is activated transcriptionally. CYP2E1 expression is easily inducible. It seems that there exist two stages of induction, a posttranslational mechanism for increased protein stability at low levels of ethanol and an additional transcriptional induction at high levels of ethanol.[6]
Applications
Trees have been genetically engineered to overexpress the CYP2E1 enzyme. These transgenic trees have been used to remove pollutants from groundwater, a process known as phytoremediation.[7]
See also
References
- ↑ Kölble K (December 1993). "Regional mapping of short tandem repeats on human chromosome 10: cytochrome P450 gene CYP2E, D10S196, D10S220, and D10S225". Genomics 18 (3): 702–4. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80378-7. PMID 8307581.
- ↑ Hayashi S, Watanabe J, Kawajiri K (October 1991). "Genetic polymorphisms in the 5'-flanking region change transcriptional regulation of the human cytochrome P450IIE1 gene". J. Biochem. 110 (4): 559–65. PMID 1778977.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Swedish environmental classification of pharmaceuticals Facts for prescribers (Fakta för förskrivare)
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 Flockhart DA (2007). "Drug Interactions: Cytochrome P450 Drug Interaction Table". Indiana University School of Medicine. Retrieved on July 2011
- ↑ Desai, H. D.; Seabolt, J.; Jann, M. W. (2001). "Smoking in patients receiving psychotropic medications: A pharmacokinetic perspective". CNS drugs 15 (6): 469–494. PMID 11524025.
- ↑ Lieber CS (June 1999). "Microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS): the first 30 years (1968-1998)--a review". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 23 (6): 991–1007. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04217.x. PMID 10397283.
- ↑ Doty SL, James CA, Moore AL, Vajzovic A, Singleton GL, Ma C, Khan Z, Xin G, Kang JW, Park JY, Meilan R, Strauss SH, Wilkerson J, Farin F, Strand SE (October 2007). "Enhanced phytoremediation of volatile environmental pollutants with transgenic trees". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (43): 16816–21. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703276104. PMC 2040402. PMID 17940038.
Further reading
- Smith G, Stubbins MJ, Harries LW, Wolf CR (1999). "Molecular genetics of the human cytochrome P450 monooxygenase superfamily". Xenobiotica 28 (12): 1129–65. doi:10.1080/004982598238868. PMID 9890157.
- Kessova I, Cederbaum AI (2003). "CYP2E1: biochemistry, toxicology, regulation and function in ethanol-induced liver injury". Curr. Mol. Med. 3 (6): 509–18. doi:10.2174/1566524033479609. PMID 14527082.
- Webb A, Lind PA, Kalmijn J, Feiler HS, Smith TL, Schuckit MA, Wilhelmsen K (2011). "The Investigation into CYP2E1 in Relation to the Level of Response to Alcohol Through a Combination of Linkage and Association Analysis". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 35 (1): 10–18. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01317.x.
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