CFM Shadow

The CFM Shadow is a British ultralight aircraft designed in the 1980s. It is of high wing, pusher, pod and boom layout and seats two. About 400 have been built.^[3]

Design and development

The CFM Shadow is a two-seat ultralight of pod and boom layout, either factory or home-built from kits. It is a high wing aircraft, with a short fibreglass reinforced plastic fuselage seating two in tandem in an enclosed cockpit. Dual control can be fitted and was standard on later models. The fuselage carries a tricycle undercarriage, with a castoring nosewheel; wheel fairings are an option. A Rotax two-cylinder two-stroke engine is mounted, exposed, immediately behind this pod in pusher configuration. The unusual empennage is carried on a fine aluminium boom and consists of an inverted narrow rectangular tail fin and large rudder below the boom plus a swept tailplane with small tapered upright end plate fins. The elevators are full span, with electrically operated trim tabs. All rear surfaces have aluminium structures covered with polyester fabric.^[2][3]

The Shadow's slightly tapered wings, which have down-turned wingtips, consist of plywood leading edge D-section boxes, built onto mixed plywood and aluminium web shear structures with styrofoam formers. The rear of the wing is covered in polyester fabric. The wing carries Frise ailerons and three position flaps. The shorter span wings of the later Streak variants are foam and glass fibre structures.^[2][3]

The Shadow first flew in 1983, powered by a 53 hp (40 kW) Fuji EC44 Robin two-stroke engine. This was later replaced by a 40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447 air-cooled two-stroke engine for the initial B series of Shadows. Several different Rotax engines have been used in the subsequent C, D and E series and the Streak and Star Streak developments. Production began in 1984.^[2][4]

The CFM Streak, initially known as the Streak Shadow flew for the first time in June 1988, with the first production aircraft flying that October. 120 had been delivered by June 2001. They were also licence built in South Africa, with the option of a Jabiru engine, an Australian design license built in South Africa.^[2]

The Star Streak variant first flew in 1992, with deliveries commencing in February 1994. By June 2001, 9 had been delivered.^[2]

Operational history

By June 2001, 397 Shadows of all variants had been built for customers in 40 countries. 24 Streak Shadows were ordered by the Indian Air Force in the world's largest microlight contract; 18 of these had been delivered by June 2001. Laron Aviation Technologies acted as US distributor.^[2] There are currently (September 2010) 179 on the UK civil register, though not all have a Permit to Fly.^[5] In the UK, the Shadow series and the Streak SAL, but not the Streak SA or Star Streak, can be flown on a Microlight licence.^[2][4]

Many of the Shadows and Streaks have been used by clubs as trainers. The Shadow series D was offered as suitable for crop spraying and as for surveillance duties. It was also capable of flying off water when optional floats were fitted.^[2] A Shadow flown by David Cook provided the "dragon's eye views" used in the UK feature film Dragon Heart of 1996.^[4]

Shadows and Streaks also made long journeys and set some class records. In 1987 Eve Jackson flew from the UK to Australia in a Shadow, a flight repeated the following year by Brian Milton. A later flight took a Shadow from the UK to Beijing. In 1983-4 Shadows set FAI world class records for speed over 3 km and for range and in 1990 set a UK class altitude record of 23,648 ft (7,208 m). This altitude was bettered in the same year when David Cook took a Streak to 27,066 ft ((8,250 m), another UK record.^[4]

During the years that the Shadow and its variants were being produced, its manufacturer had a number of financial crises. Cook Flying Machines, trading as CFM Metalfax Ltd went into receivership in 1996, but was refinanced as CFM Aircraft Ltd. This in turn went into receivership in 2002 and the assets were bought up by Airborne Innovations of Webster, Texas, who had previously taken over CFM's US agents Laron. There were plans to restart production in the UK in 2003, but this did not happen.^[2]

Variants

Shadow B

40 hp (30 kW) Rotax 447 air-cooled engine.^[4]

Shadow C

(1988) 50 hp (37 kW) Rotax 503 air-cooled engine. Streamlined struts.^[4]

Shadow D

65 hp (48 kW) Rotax 582 liquid-cooled engine.^[4] Dual control standard.^[2]

Shadow E

Similar to the D series but with either Rotax 582 or 80 hp (60 kW) Rotax 912 liquid-cooled engine, electric starter and long range tanks.^[2]

Streak SL

Rotax 582 or 912 engine. New foam/glass fibre wings of shorter span (28 ft 0 in or 8.53 m). 11 in (279 mm) longer than Shadow.^[2]

Streak SLA

Same as Streak SL, but with increased flap angles and other minor changes to lower stall speed, putting it into UK Microlight category.^[2]

Star Streak

Rotax 582 or 912 engine. Wings with same span as Streak but narrower chord. 14 in (356 mm) shorter than Streak with a wider cockpit.^[2]

Specifications (Shadow E, Rotax 582UL)

Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2004-5^[2]

General characteristics

• Crew: 2
• Length: 6.13 m (20 ft 1 in)
• Wingspan: 10.00 m (32 ft 10 in)
• Height: 1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)
• Wing area: 15.25 m² (164.1 sq ft)
• Empty weight: 215 kg (474 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 425 kg (937 lb)
• Powerplant: 1 × Rotax 582UL two-cylinder liquid-cooled two-stroke, 48 kW (65 hp)
• Propellers: 3-bladed Precision, 1.32 m (4 ft 4 in) diameter

Performance

• Cruising speed: 159 km/h (99 mph; 86 kn) at 75% power
• Stall speed: 63 km/h (39 mph; 34 kn) flaps down
• Range: 685 km (426 mi; 370 nmi)

References