Butyronitrile

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Butyronitrile[1]
IUPAC name

Butanenitrile[2]

Other names

  • 1-Cyanopropane[citation needed]
  • Propyl cyanide[citation needed]

Identifiers
CAS number 109-74-0 YesY
PubChem 8008
ChemSpider 7717 N
EC number 203-700-6
UN number 2411
MeSH N-butyronitrile
ChEBI CHEBI:51937 N
RTECS number ET8750000
Beilstein Reference 1361452
Jmol-3D images Image 1
Properties
Molecular formula C4H7N
Molar mass 69.11 g mol−1
Appearance Colourless
Density 794 mg mL−1
Melting point −111.90 °C; −169.42 °F; 161.25 K
Boiling point 117 to 119 °C; 242 to 246 °F; 390 to 392 K
Solubility in water 0.033 g/100 mL
Solubility soluble in benzene
miscible in alcohol, ether, dimethylformamide
Vapor pressure 3.1 Pa
kH 190 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
Refractive index (nD) 1.38385
Dipole moment 3.5
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ΔfHo298		 −6.8–−4.8 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion ΔcHo298		 −2.579 MJ mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C 134.2 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements H225, H301, H311, H331
GHS precautionary statements P210, P261, P280, P301+310, P311
EU Index 608-005-00-5
EU classification F T
R-phrases R11, R23/24/25
S-phrases (S1/2), S16, S36/37, S45, S63
NFPA 704
3
3
0
Flash point 18 °C; 64 °F; 291 K
Autoignition temperature 488 °C; 910 °F; 761 K
Explosive limits 1.65–?%
LD50 50 mg kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related alkanenitriles
Related compounds DBNPA
 N (verify) (what is: YesY/N?)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Butyronitrile or butanenitrile or propyl cyanide, is a nitrile with the formula C3H7CN. This colorless liquid is miscible with most polar organic solvents.

Uses

It is mainly used as a precursor to the poultry drug amprolium.[3]

Synthesis

Butyronitrile is prepared industrially by the ammoxidation of n-butanol:

C3H7CH2OH + NH3 + O2 → C3H7CN + 3 H2O

References

  1. ↑ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1597
  2. ↑ "N-butyronitrile - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification. Retrieved 12 June 2012. 
  3. ↑ Peter Pollak, Gérard Romeder, Ferdinand Hagedorn, Heinz-Peter Gelbke "Nitriles" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2002, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_363

External links

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