Bullock family

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Bullock is the surname of an English family that traces its roots to the County of Berkshire in the 12th century. Notable members of the family of Arborfield, and later of Faulkbourne in Essex, include Robert Bullock (d. 1405) Sheriff for the Counties of Berkshire and Oxfordshire, Sir Edward Bullock of Falkborne (c. 1580 - 1644), Edward Bullock (1663–1705) M.P and High Sheriff of Essex, Colonel John Bullock (1731–1809) M.P, Professor Walter Llewellyn Bullock (1890–1944) and Sir Christopher Bullock (1891–1972).[1][2]

Guy Henry Bullock (1887-1956), who reconnoitered Everest with George Mallory,[3] was a member of the Radwinter branch.

Origins of the Name

The family name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon, “bulluca”, a young bull, and being linked to the old Anglian and Norman Christian name Osmund, represents one of the earliest instances of an English hereditary surname that was a purely personal nickname in origin.[1]

The Bullocks of Arborfield and Faulkbourne

Bullock Arms 1602
Arms - Bullock quartering Watson 1810

Aborfield

The origins of the name 'Arborfield' remain uncertain. The family is first recorded in 1166 in Edburgefeld, meaning 'Edburga's Field', (Edburga being a widespread Saxon lady's name) which evolved through variations to the modern Arborfield as first recorded in the 17th century.[1]

The earliest recording of the family is Osemundus Bulloc in the Pipe Rolls of Berkshire in 1166. The Herald’s Visitations of the 15th century record his son, Richard, and these, and later visitations, carry the descent in an unbroken line to Edward Bullock of Faulkbourne in 1664.[1]

Richard’s son, Gilbert, made formal declaration in 1250 of his holding of the Manor of Sunning from Bishop of Salisbury.

Robert Bullock the 3rd of Aborfield was Knight of the Shire for Berkshire (1382) and Sheriff for the Counties of Berkshire and Oxfordshire in 1384 and 1392 under King Richard II of England. In 1394, he was Commissioner of the Peace for Berkshire. Robert had no male issue, so the Aborfield estates passed in due course to the grandson of his uncle Gilbert (a younger brother), Thomas Bullock the 1st.

Thomas the 2nd was Gentleman Usher Extraordinary to Henry VIII in 1516 and one of the Commissioners for Berkshire collecting the subsidy for King Henry VIII in 1523. In 1544, he supplied archers, billmen and horses for the war with France – leading to the seven bills originally in the family crest. Thomas’s uncle, Hugh “with ye Brazen Hand”, left Aberfield to found the family branch in Siddenhall (Sidnall) in Sallop (Shropshire).[1]

Thomas the 3rd (1546–1595) was High Sheriff of Berkshire in 1581 and in the Commission of the Peace in 1592. He was the last of Arborfield, being obliged to sell the estates, the Manors of Arberfield and Barkham lying in the towns, villages and fields of Arberfeld, Barkham, Hurst, Ockingham, Shingfield and Erley, due to accumulated debts. His uncle, George, refused to hand over the deeds. Thomas was forced by the family to produce a deed of entail and, having received the title deeds, he then repudiated the deed. His brother and heir, William, litigated through the Court of Chancery and the Star Chamber but the sale was confirmed.[1]

When Thomas the 3rd died, William, with the support of tenants, entered into possession in serious contempt of court resulting in him being thrown into Fleet Prison. William continued actions to recover the estate in the Queen’s Bench, then the Court of Common Pleas and then petitioned the Queen, the Privy Council and the Lord Keeper but in vain.[1][2]

William, released from prison and now of Stratfield Mortimer, married well, his third wife being Elizabeth Bellet of Morton in Essex, restoring the family fortunes.[1]

His son, John, moved the family to the Manor House of Mulsham, at Great Wigborough in Essex where he purchased estates at Loftes in Great and Little Totham. These estates remained in the family until the death of Edward the 5th of Faulkbourne in 1705.[1]

Faulkbourne

Faulkbourne Hall 1817
Faulkbourne Hall late 18th century
Faulkbourne Hall late 19th century
Faulkbourne Hall c. 1900
John Bullock d. 1740 Monument by Peter Scheemakers 1765 St. Germanus Faulkbourne
Josiah Bullock d. 1752 Funerary Monument, St. Germanus, Faulkbourne
Arms of Jonathan Josiah Christopher Bullock, from his monument at St. Germanus, Faulkbourne
Rev. Walter Trevelyan Bullock

Sir Edward Bullock (c. 1580 - 1644) was the elder son of Edward Bullock of Wigborough and Loftes in Great Totham and Joan Collen of High Laver, Essex. He was knighted by King James I and a Cavalier during the English Civil War. He purchased Faulkbourne Hall in 1637 which was held in the Bullock family for 260 years over 10 generations.[1][2]

Sir Edward married Elizabeth, daughter, and heiress, of Thomas Wylde of Glazeley Hall (d. 1598), Salop and Kempsey, Worcestershire and sister of Sir Edmund Wylde, a Fellow of the Royal Society and friend of William Petty, the great grandfather of William Petty FitzMaurice, future Prime Minister of Great Britain.[4]

In 1602, he obtained from William Camden, the Clarenceux King of Arms, "Confirmation" of the Arms of the Bullocks of Aborfield with due difference to mark his descent from a younger son.

On 3 July 1609 he was knighted by King James I at Richmond Palace.[1]

In the early days of the reign of King Charles I, he was appointed a Forced ‘Loan’ Collector for the County of Norfolk whilst living in Pentney, c. 1622-31. His accounts returned on 12 June 1627 show that as a result of his Commission, he paid the sum of £1,200 into the Royal Exchequer. The deeply unpopular loans hastened the rupture between the King and Parliament.[1]

Sir Edward’s public and social duties resulted in heavy expenditure so that on his death, outlying estates of Loftes, Little Mapelstead and Finchingfield amongst others were sold. He died in 1644 and was buried at the Church of St Germanus at Faulkbourne.

Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, the family thrived through a series of marriages to wealthy heiresses.[2]

Edward the 5th (1663–1705) was Lord of seven Manors and sat as a Member of Parliament for the County of Essex in 1698 and later for the Borough of Colchester in 1703.[5]

He became Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Essex and High Sheriff of Essex in 1696 and 1703. By marrying Elizabeth, elder daughter of Sir Mark Guyon Kt of Coggeshall, large estates at Coggeshall, Maplestead and Finchingfield were added. Sir Mark was Sheriff of Essex in 1676. After the death of Elizabeth, he married a second time to Mary, the daughter of Sir Josiah Child of Wanstead. Sir Josiah thoroughly opposed the marriage and left his daughter a mere £5 in his will "and no more because she hath married not only without my consent but expressly against my command and contrary to her own repeated promises and lette others learne by her example".[1][2]

Through Sir Mark’s younger daughter, Rachel, who married Edward’s younger brother, John Bullock,[6] Sir Mark’s estates at Radwinter and Great Wigborough came into the family and passed by intestacy to Colonel John Bullock.

Edward’s son, Josiah (1697–1752), attempted to follow his Child grandfather and to make a fortune in trade. He spent most of his life in London – in Highgate and the City – as a Royal Exchange Director and Hambro Merchant. Though a local J.P. and D.L., he neglected his duties at Faulkbourne.[1]

Colonel John Bullock (1731–1809), Josiah’s son, had his portrait painted by Thomas Gainsborough. He was a Colonel in the East Essex Militia. Educated at Clare Hall Cambridge, at the age of 23 he embarked on a Parliamentary career that lasted 56 years culminated in him becoming Father of the House. He took a keen interest in Faulkbourne and undertook many improvements to the house and grounds. A patron of the arts, he founded a wide-ranging collection of pictures. Whilst his wife Elizabeth[7][8] was a considerable heiress to large slum estates in Southwark over 17 acres containing 400 houses, he exhausted a large part of her fortune on Parliamentary life. She died in 1793 and they had no children.[1] He left his estates on his death, in 1809, to Jonathan Josiah Christopher Watson, son of his elder sister, also Elizabeth, who had married Jonathan Watson JP DL FRS of Ringhall in Suffolk.

Jonathan Josiah Christopher Watson (1749–1832) succeeded to the Essex estates directly from his uncle, the Colonel, in 1809 and, in the following year, took the surname Bullock, rather than Watson, under Royal Sign Manual, subject to some £24,000 of debt. Jonathan was a Major in the East Essex Militia.[2]

His eldest son, also Jonathan (1773–1860), served in the 1st Dragoon Guards and as Justice of the Peace, Deputy Lieutenant and, in 1837, High Sheriff of Essex. He did not marry an heiress but the Vicar of Witham’s daughter.[2] Jonathan Josiah's second son, John (1775-1844), became Rector of Radwinter and Faulkbourn and was the great-grandfather of Guy Bullock.

After Jonathan’s death in 1860, the pressure of social and economic change of the 19th century brought the beginnings of the family’s decline at Faulkbourne. Properties began to be sold when Walter Trevelyan (1818–1878) inherited, leaving only Faulkbourne and Radwinter Estates in the family.[2]

Rev. Walter Trevelyan Bullock’s (1818–1878) three elder brothers predeceased him. He had been Rector of Faulkbourne until 1852 before moving to Devon. After only a year, he had to return to Faulkbourne on the death of his brother. He lived mainly in London and, on a visit to Faulkbourne, accidentally poisoned himself and died in 1878.[2] Walter Trevelyan's sister, Margaret Emily (1822–1913), married the Rev. the Hon. Llewellyn Charles Robert Irby, the younget son of George Irby, 3rd Baron Boston.

His eldest son, Walter Henry Bullock (1861–1924), was the last of the Faulkbourne senior male lineage. During his youth, his trustees carried out extensive repairs to the house but he never lived at Faulkbourne. In 1892, most of the tapestries and chief pictures, such the fitted Aubusson tapestries and Gainsborough’s portrait of Colonel John were sold.[1][2]

The property was finally sold to Andrew Motion in 1897 and by the turn of the century had been sold to Christopher William Oxley Parker. The marriage of Emily Margaret Bullock, granddaughter of Rev. W.T.Bullock to Frederick Parker, a relative of the estate's new owner, meant that the Bullock family continued their association with Faulkbourne well into the 20th century.[9]

After Faulkbourne

Walter Henry died in 1924. His son, Henry Talbot Bouverie, had a daughter. Therefore the family line passed through to Walter Henry’s brother, the Rev Llewellyn Christopher Watson (1886–1936). He married Cecil Augusta Margaret Bullock (née Spearman), whose mother, Lady Maria Louisa Spearman (1837-1917), was the daughter of Thomas FitzMaurice, 5th Earl of Orkney.

The line passed to their eldest son, Professor Walter Llewellyn Bullock (1890–1944). He was a scholar, critic, teacher, lecturer and promoter of Italian Studies at the Universities of Chicago and of Manchester, where he was Serena Professor of Italian.

The line then passed to Llewellyn’s second son, Sir Christopher Bullock, K.C.B, C.B.E.(1891–1972). He was Permanent Under-Secretary at the British Air Ministry from 1931 to 1936. Appointed at the age of 38, he remains one the youngest civil servants to have headed a British government department.[10][11]

He was succeeded by his elder son, Richard Henry Watson Bullock C.B.[12](1920–1998).

Coat of arms and motto

The first Heraldic record, 1532, gives the Arms of Thomas Bullock of Aborfield as

  • Arms : Gules, a chevron between three bull’s heads cabossed argent, armed or.
  • Crest  : On a wreath argent and azure, a wolf statant sable, charged with three estoiles or.

In Harvey’s Visitation of 1565-6, the crest had changed to

  • Seven bills, the staves gules, the blades sable, encircled by a wreath alternately argent and gules

The Confirmation of Arms of Sir Edward in 1602 changed the chevron from argent to ermine, and the crest became

  • On a wreath argent and gules, five black bills, staves proper, heads sable, encircled by a band gules

The motto reads : nil conscire sibi - to have nothing on one's conscience

Senior male lineage

  • Osmund Bulloc of Edbergefeld (Aborfield); living 1166, 1190
  • Richard Bulloc of Erbergfeld; liv. 1222
  • Gilbert Bulloc of Erbergfeld and Sunning; liv. 1250
  • Robert Bullok Lord of Erburghfeld; returned as man at arms, 1324 liv. 1331, 1336, 1345
  • Robert Bullok of Herburghfield; liv. 1341
  • Robert Bullock Lord of Herburghfield and Hurst Esq; liv. 1382 d. 1405; Sheriff of Berks and Oxon 1385 1392 under King Richard II - no male issue - passed to uncle
  • Gilbert Bullok of Barkham; liv. 1336, 1383
  • Robert B ?of Barkham
  • Thomas B of Aberfield Esq; liv. 1439 1464
  • Robert B of Aberfield Esq; liv 1478; Commissioner for the Conservancy of the River Thames
  • Gilbert B of Aberfield Esq; d. 1500
  • Thomas B of Arberfield Esq; liv. 1516 d. 1558; Gentleman Usher Extraordinary to Henry VIII 1516; supplied archers and billmen and horses for the war with France – possibly leading to the seven bills in the family crest
  • Richard B of Aberfield Esq; d 1570
  • Thomas B of Aberfield Esq; b. 1546 d. 1595; Sheriff of Berks,1581; Commission for the Peace 1592; Last of Aborfield – no issue passed to brother
  • William B of Stratfield Mortimer; liv. 1565
  • John B of Mulsham, Wigborough Magna and Loftes of Great and Little Totham; d. 1595
  • Edward B of Wigborough and Loftes; d. 10 Feb 1596
  • Sir Edward B of Loftes; b. c 1580 d. 1644; purchased Faulkborne Hall 1637; knighted 3 July 1609 by King James I
  • Edward B of Falkborne Esq; liv. 1612
  • Edward B of Falkborne Esq; d. 1671
  • Edward B of Falkborne Esq; b.1663 d. 1705; DL MP for Essex and for Colchester; High Sheriff of Essex 1696 and 1703
  • Josiah B of Falkborne Esq and Mincing Lane JP DL; b. 1697 d. 1752
  • Col John B. of Faulkbourn; b.1731 d. 1809; MP for 56 years; Father of the House; – no issue – line passed through his sister
  • Elizabeth; b. 1725 d. 1763; married Jonathan Watson Esq JP DL FRS,
  • Jonathan Josiah Christopher Watson; b. 1749 d. 1832; took surname Bullock and arms of Bullock and Watson by Royal Licence in 1810 succeeding Col John B. at Faulkbourn
  • Jonathan B of Faulkbourn Esq DL JP; b. in Virginia 19 Oct 1773 d. 29 Sept 1860; High Sheriff 1837
  • Rev Walter Trevelyan B of Falkbourn JP; b. 1818 d. 17 June 1878; Rector of Faulkbourne
  • Walter Henry B of Faulkbourn, then of Radwinter and of Islip Northants; b. 29 May 1861 d. 23 Mar 1924; sold Faulkbourn in 1898
  • Henry Talbot Bouverie B; b. 19 Sept 1886 d. 1980; - daughter Pearl Avril B; b. 1917– line passed to his uncle
  • Rev Llewellyn Christopher Watson B; b. 29 Aug 1866 d. Feb 1936
  • Walter Llewellyn B; b. 7 Mar 1890 d. 19 Feb 1944 – line passed to his brother
  • Sir Christopher Llewellyn B, K.C.B, C.B.E.; b. 10 Nov 1891 d. 16 May 1972
  • Richard Henry Watson B, C.B.; b. 12 November 1920 d. 14 July 1998
  • Osmund B; b. 25 July 1951[13]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 Bullock, Llewellyn C W, Memoirs of the Bullock Family, A J Lawrence 1905
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Bullock, Osmund, Faulkbourne and the Bullocks, 2005
  3. ↑ "1921 Expedition". 
  4. ↑ Murray, James. "Life of Sir William Petty 1623-1687". 
  5. ↑ Hayton, D. W. The House of Commons: 1690-1715. 
  6. ↑ Hayton, D. W. The House of Commons: 1690-1715. 
  7. ↑ "Maldon, H.E. History of the County of Surrey: Volume 4, 1912". 
  8. ↑ "PROPERTY OF THE BULLOCK FAMILY IN SOUTHWARK AND KINGSTON: DEEDS AND PAPERS, 1704-1862". 
  9. ↑ "Family tree of Emily Margaret Parker (nee Bullock)". 
  10. ↑ Chapman, Richard A., Ethics in the British Civil Service, 1988 ISBN 978-0-415-00334-6, p. 144
  11. ↑ Geoffrey-Lloyd, Bullock, Sir Christopher Llewellyn (1891-1972), rev. Mark Pottle, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
  12. ↑ "London Gazette, 12th June 1971, p. 5959". 
  13. ↑ "Osmund Bullock, IMDb". 
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