British Humanist Association

British Humanist Association
British Humanist Association logo
Formation	1896
Location	United Kingdom
President	Jim Al-Khalili
Chief Executive	Andrew Copson

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The British Humanist Association (BHA) is a charitable organisation, which promotes humanism and aims to represent "people who seek to live good lives without religious or superstitious beliefs" in the United Kingdom^[1] by campaigning on issues relating to humanism, secularism and human rights.

The organisation also supports humanist and non-religious ceremonies in England and Wales,^[2] and maintains a national network of accredited officiants for humanist funeral ceremonies, weddings, civil partnerships, and baby namings.

The current President of the BHA is Jim Al-Khalili and the Chief Executive is Andrew Copson. The association currently has 31 affiliated regional groups and claims a total of approximately 28,000 members and supporters.^[3]

Aims

The British Humanist Association's Articles of Association sets out its aims as:

• The advancement of Humanism, namely a non-religious ethical lifestance the essential elements of which are a commitment to human wellbeing and a reliance on reason, experience and a naturalistic view of the world.

• The advancement of education and in particular the study of and the dissemination of knowledge about Humanism and about the arts and science as they relate to Humanism.

• The promotion of equality and non-discrimination and the protection of human rights as defined in international instruments to which the United Kingdom is party, in each case in particular as relates to religion and belief.

• The promotion of understanding between people holding religious and non-religious beliefs so as to advance harmonious cooperation in society.^[4]

The BHA also wishes to build itself as a sustainable and nationally-recognised organisation as a voice for non-religious people.^[5]

History

The British Humanist Association was founded in 1896 by American Stanton Coit as the Union of Ethical Societies, which brought together existing ethical societies in Britain. In 1963 H. J. Blackham became the first Executive Director,^[6] and the society became the British Humanist Association in 1967, during the Presidency of philosopher A.J. Ayer.

This transition followed a decade of discussions which nearly prompted a merger of the Union of Ethical Societies with the Rationalist Press Association and the South Place Ethical Society. In 1963 the discussions went as far as creating an umbrella Humanist Association of which Harold Blackham (later to become a President of the BHA) was the Executive Director. However, the BHA, the Rationalist Association and the South Place Ethical Society remain separate entities today and in 1967 the Union of Ethical Societies alone became the British Humanist Association.^[7]

In the 1960s the BHA campaigned on the repeal of Sunday Observance laws and the reform of the 1944 Education Act’s clauses on religion in schools. More generally the BHA aimed to defend freedom of speech, support the elimination of world poverty and remove the privileges given to religious groups. It was claimed in 1977 that the BHA aimed "to make humanism available and meaningful to the millions who have no alternative belief."^[7]

At this time the BHA also supported a growing number of local communities, continuing today as a network of affiliated local humanist groups. A network of celebrants able to conduct non-religious funerals, weddings, naming ceremonies and same sex affirmations (before the law allowing gay civil partnerships) was also developed and continues today as Humanist Ceremonies.^[8]

Social concerns have persisted in the BHA’s programme. The BHA was a co-founder of the Social Morality Council (now transmuted into the Norham Foundation), which brought together believers and unbelievers concerned with moral education and with finding agreed solutions to moral problems in society. The BHA has been active in arguing for voluntary euthanasia and the right to obtain an abortion. It has always sought an "open society".

The BHA claims that the rules on religious programming within the BBC constitute a "religious privilege"^[9] and reserve particular criticism for the Thought for the Day slot on Radio 4's Today programme.^[10] In April 2009 a "breakthrough" in the BHA's campaign saw Andrew Copson invited to participate as the first humanist representative in the BBC's new Standing Conference on Religion and Belief, replacing the Central Religious Advisory Committee.^[11]

Campaigns

Schools

The BHA opposes faith schools because "The majority of the evidence [...] points towards their being an unfair and unpopular part of our state education system which the majority of people in Britain want them phased out."^[12] In addition, they claim that faith schools are "exclusive, divisive and counter intuitive to social cohesion" and blame religious admissions procedures for "creating school populations that are far from representative of their local populations in religious or socio-economic terms."^[13]

While BHA is opposed to faith schools receiving any state funding whatsoever it however supports the Fair Admissions Campaign which has a more limited scope because " it furthers our aims of ending religious discrimination and segregation in state schools; and secondly because we know how important this particular topic is."^[14]

The BHA campaigns for reform of Religious Education in the UK including a reformed subject covered by the national curriculum which is inclusive of non-religious viewpoints, such as "Belief and Values Education". They believe that "all pupils in all types of school should have the opportunity to consider philosophical and fundamental questions, and that in a pluralist society we should learn about each other’s beliefs, including humanist ones".^[15]

They also support humanist volunteers on the Standing Advisory Council on Religious Education which currently determines the Religious Education syllabus for each local authority. Educational issues have always featured prominently in BHA campaigns activities, including efforts to abolish daily worship in schools and to reform Religious Education so that it is objective, fair and balanced and includes learning about humanism as an alternative life stance.

The BHA opposes the teaching of creationism in schools. In September 2011, the BHA launched their "Teach evolution, not creationism" campaign,^[16] which aimed to establish statutory opposition to creationism in the UK education system.^[17] The Department for Education amended the funding agreement to allow the withdrawal of funding for free schools that teach creationism as established scientific fact.^[18]

Constitutional reform

The BHA campaigns for a secular state, which they define as "a state where public institutions are separate from religious institutions and treat all citizens impartially regardless of their religious or non-religious beliefs."^[19] They point to issues such as the joint role of the British monarch (both Supreme Governor of the Church of England and Head of State), the reserved places for bishops in the House of Lords, the status of the Church of England (the officially established church^[20]), and other "discriminations based on religion or belief within the system" such as those in education and Public Services.^[21]

Ethical issues

The BHA supports the rights for those who need assistance in ending their own lives, and has lobbied parliament for a change in the law,^[22] on behalf of Tony Nicklinson and Paul Lamb, in their 'Right to Die' legal cases.^[23]

Persistent campaigns include retaining the legality of abortion as a "last resort",^[24] defending embryonic stem cell research for medical purposes,^[25] and calling for consistent and humane law on the slaughter of animals.^[26]

The BHA also campaigns on marriage laws, demanding full equality for same-sex and humanist marriage ceremonies in England and Wales. The BHA first presented their views to the Registrar General in 2007, requested in enquiry into marriage law to the Joint Committee on Human Rights in 2009, responded to a consultation on Civil Partnerships in 2011, and in 2013 sought amendments to the same sex marriage bill to allow humanist celebrants to conduct legal marriages.^[27]

Many of its campaigns are based on free speech and human rights legislation and it has paid special attention to the Human Rights Act 1998.^[28] In 2008, the blasphemy law was repealed, an issue over which the BHA had long-campaigned.^{[29][30][31][32]} It has called for unification of existing anti-discrimination legislation and has contributed to the Discrimination Law Review which developed the Equality Act 2010.^[33]

Public awareness

On 21 October 2008, the British Humanist Association lent its official support to Guardian journalist Ariane Sherine as she launched a fundraising drive to raise money for the UK's first atheist advertising campaign, the Atheist Bus Campaign. The campaign aimed to raise funds to place the slogan "There's probably no God. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life" on the sides of 30 London buses for four weeks in January 2009. Expecting to raise £5,500 over six months, the atheist author Richard Dawkins agreed to match donations up to £5,500 to make £11,000 total.^[34] The campaign raised over £153,000,^[35] enabling a nationwide advertising campaign to be launched on 6 January 2009.

On 8 January 2009 Christian Voice announced they had made an official complaint to the Advertising Standards Authority asserting that the Atheist Bus slogan broke rules on "substantiation and truthfulness".^[36] In total the ASA received 326 complaints about the campaign, with many claiming that the wording was offensive to the religious,^[37] however the BHA disagreed with the complaint and commented on the plausibility of the ASA making a claim as to the "probability of God's existence".^[38] Robert Winston criticised the campaign as "arrogant".^[39] The ASA ruled that the slogan was not in breach of advertising code.^[37]

In 2011, the British Humanist Association campaigned to get atheists, agnostics and other non-believers to tick the "no religion" box in response to the optional religion question in the 2011 census (as opposed to writing in either a joke religion like "Jedi" or ticking the religion one grew up in). The BHA believed the question was worded in such a way as to increase the number of currently non-religious or nominally religious people who list the religion they grew up in rather than their current religious views, and thus the results would have been skewed to make the country seem more religious than it actually is. The BHA believes that this supposed overstatement of religious belief creates a situation where "public policy in matters of religion and belief will unduly favour religious lobbies and discriminate against people who do not live their lives under religion".^[40]

Posters for the campaign which used the slogan "If you're not religious, for God's sake say so" were refused by companies owning advertising hoardings in railway stations following advice from the Advertising Standards Authority who believe the adverts had "the potential to cause widespread and serious offence".^[41]

The Census results for England and Wales showed that 14.1 million people, about a quarter of the entire population (25%), stated they had no religion at all, a rise of 6.4 million over the decade. The BHA said the fall was "astounding", and calculated that Christians could be in a minority by 2018.^[42]

Set up in 2010, the Resolution Revolution campaign aims to "[recast] the tired old New Year resolution – so often about breaking a negative habit – as a pledge to do something positive for others".^[43] Participation is open to all and not restricted to humanists or the non-religious.^[44]

"New Year is a time for renewal - but beyond diets and gyms, not just for ourselves. Resolution Revolution is a humanist social action initiative, turning good intentions outwards to others. The more people that get involved, even in a small way, the bigger the impact is. Spending cuts don't make a cohesive society, but generous actions do.”

—Polly Toynbee^[45]

Organisation

Presidents

• Jim Al-Khalili (2013 – )
• Polly Toynbee (2007 – 2013)
• Linda Smith (2004 – died 27 February 2006)
• Claire Rayner (1999–2004)
• Hermann Bondi (1981 – 1999)
• James Hemming (1977 – 1980)
• H. J. Blackham (1974 – 1977)
• George Melly (1972 – 1974)
• Edmund Leach (1970 – 1972)
• A.J. Ayer (1965 – 1970)
• Julian Huxley (1963 – 1965)

In April 2011 it was announced that Professor A.C. Grayling would succeed Polly Toynbee as the next president of the BHA in July 2011.^[46] However, in June the BHA announced that Professor Grayling had decided not to take up that position, because of what he described as "controversy generated by activities in another area of my public life." The BHA stated that Polly Toynbee would continue as President until a new appointment was made later in 2011;^[47] she remained President for a further 18 months until in December 2012 it was announced that physicist Jim Al-Khalili would become President in January 2013.^[48]

Staff

• Andrew Copson - Chief Executive
• Pavan Dhaliwal - Head of Public Affairs
• Sara Passmore - Head of Education and Promotion
• David Savage - Head of Pastoral Support
• Richy Thompson - Campaigns Officer
• Andrew West - Web Manager^[49]

Humanist celebrants

Humanist equivalents of otherwise religious celebrations are conducted by humanist celebrants, trained and accredited by the British Humanist Association across England, Wales and Northern Ireland,^[50][51] while the Humanist Society of Scotland performs similar ceremonies in Scotland.^[52] Non-religious funerals are legal within the UK;^[53] over 8,000 funerals are carried out by humanist celebrants in England and Wales each year.^[54] Between 600 and 900 weddings and 500 baby namings per year are also conducted by BHA-accredited celebrants.^[55] In England, Wales, and Northern Ireland, a Humanist wedding or partnership ceremony must be supplemented by a process of obtaining a civil marriage or partnership certificate through a Register Office to be legally recognised, but can be led by a Humanist celebrants.^[56]

Distinguished Supporters

Numerous prominent people, described by the BHA as "distinguished supporters", are aligned with the British Humanist Association including Professor Brian Cox, Tim Minchin, Stephen Fry, and Philip Pullman.^[57]

Affiliations

The BHA is a member organisation of the International Humanist and Ethical Union, International Humanist and Ethical Youth Organisation and of the European Humanist Federation.^[58]

In September 2008, it was announced that the BHA, alongside religious organisations, teachers' unions and other human rights campaigns groups, were among the founding members of the Accord coalition.^[59]

The National Federation of Atheist, Humanist and Secular Student Societies is facilitated and supported by the BHA.^[60]

The BHA keeps a directory of humanist groups throughout the UK which aim to encourage local campaigning, charity work, socialising and exchange ideas on a local level, and provides resources to assist the creation and running of local groups. As of 2013, the number stands at 31.^[61]

The BHA has also sponsored philosophical debates^[62] at HowTheLightGetsIn Festival.

Criticism

Bryan Appleyard has criticised both the British Humanist Association and the National Secular Society for their campaign that the Scouts' Oath of Allegiance is religious discrimination.^[63][64] Similar views were expressed by Deborah Orr.^[65] Terry Sanderson of the National Secular Society argued that the oath should be modified, as it has in the past allowed non-Christians to become Scouts, so that the non-religious can participate in Scouting without having to compromise their human rights.^[66]

See also

• Humanist Society of Scotland
• International Humanist and Ethical Union
• National Federation of Atheist, Humanist and Secular Student Societies
• Rationalist Association
• Non-Prophet Week

References

External links

• BHA Website
• Archives of the BHA at Bishopsgate Library

v t e Member organizations of the European Humanist Federation By country Belgium Centre d'action laïque (CAL) Humanistisch-vrijzinnige vereniging Raad voor Inspectie en Begeleiding niet-confessionele Zedenleer (RIBZ) Vrijzinnig Studie, Archief en Documentatie Centrum "Karel Cuypers" (VSAD) Vrijzinnig Trefpunt Unie Vrijzinnige Verenigingen (United Liberal Associations) Denmark Humanistisk Debat Humanistisk Samfund France Cercle Gaston-Crémieux Mouvement "Europe & Laïcité" : Centre d’Action Européenne, Démocratique et Laïque (UFAL) Union des familles laïques Union rationaliste Germany Humanistischer Verband Deutschlands (HVD) Dachverband freier Weltanschauungsgemeinschaften (DFW) Bund Freireligiöser Gemeinden Deutschlands (BFGD) Greece Delphi Society Humanist Union of Greece Italy Comitato torinese per la laicità della scuola Consulta Torinese per la Laicità delle Istituzioni Unione degli Atei e degli Agnostici Razionalisti (UAAR) Netherlands Het Humanistisch Archief Humanistisch VormingsOnderwijs Stichting HSHB Humanistisch Verbond United Kingdom British Humanist Association Conway Hall Ethical Society Gay and Lesbian Humanist Association Humanist Society Scotland National Secular Society North East Humanists Rationalist Association Other countries Austria (Freidenkerbund Österreichs) Finland (Vapaa-ajattelijain liitto ry) Ireland (Humanist Association of Ireland) Iceland (Sidmennt) Luxembourg (Union radicale-Humaniste Luxembourgoise) Norway (Human-Etisk Forbund) (HEF) Poland (Polish Humanist Association) Romania (Asociaţia Umanistă Română) Slovakia (Spoločnosť Prometheus) Spain (Europa Laica) Sweden (Humanisterna)