Bridlington

Coordinates: 54°05′17″N 0°12′01″W / 54.088°N 0.2004°W / 54.088; -0.2004

Bridlington
A view of Bridlington
Arms of Bridlington Town Council
Bridlington  Bridlington shown within the East Riding of Yorkshire
Population	35,369 (2011 census)[1]
OS grid reference	TA1866
- London	179 miles
Civil parish	Bridlington
Unitary authority	East Riding of Yorkshire
Ceremonial county	East Riding of Yorkshire
Region	Yorkshire and the Humber
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	BRIDLINGTON
Postcode district	YO15/YO16
Dialling code	01262
Police	Humberside
Fire	Humberside
Ambulance	Yorkshire
EU Parliament	Yorkshire and the Humber
UK Parliament	East Yorkshire
Website	www.bridlington.gov.uk
List of places UK England Yorkshire

Bridlington is a town and civil parish within the unitary authority and ceremonial county boundary of the East Riding of Yorkshire. It is 19 miles (31 km) north north east of the unitary authority headquarters in Beverley and 24 miles (39 km) from the largest city in the county, Kingston upon Hull. The Gypsey Race river runs through the town and emerges into the North Sea in the town harbour.

According to the 2011 UK Census, the population was 35,369.^[2] It is a minor sea fishing port on the Holderness Coast of the North Sea with a working harbour and is well-known for its shellfish. It has a mix of small businesses across the manufacturing, retail and service sectors with its prime trade being tourism during the summer months.

The origins of the town are uncertain, but archaeological evidence shows habitation in the Bronze Age and in Roman times. The settlement at the Norman Conquest was called Bretlinton, but has also gone by the names of Berlington,Brellington, and Britlington, before settling on its modern name in the 19th century.^[3]

The town is twinned with Millau in France and Bad Salzuflen in Germany.^[4] One of the UK's coastal weather stations is located at Bridlington. The Priory Church of St Mary and the associated Bayle Gate are Grade I listed buildings. The church stands on the site of the original Augustine Priory.

History

The first mention of the town is in the Domesday Book as Bretlinton.^[5] It has also gone by the names of Berlington,Brellington, and Britlington, before settling on its modern name in the 19th century. There are several suggestions about the origin of the name. All suggest that it followed the Anglo Saxon custom of referring to a person and the type of settlement. In this case there are different personal names put forward such as Bretel, Bridla or Berhtel to go with -ingtūn as the Saxon name for farm.^[6][7][8]

The origins of habitation at Bridlington are unknown but can be traced back to ancient times. The nearby Danes Dyke on Flamborough Head, a 2.5-mile (4 km) long man made dyke dates back to the Bronze Age.^[9] Some writers believe that Bridlington was the site of a Roman station. A Roman road can be traced into the town and Roman coins have been found in the town. Two Roman coin hoards were found in the harbour area, along with two 2nd century BC Greek coins - suggesting that the port was in use long before the Roman invasion.^[6] It has been suggested that the Roman maritime station of Gabrantovicorum was located in the vicinity of the modern town.^[10] Ptolemy's Geography (early second century) describes Bridlington Bay as "Gabranticorum Sinus, with many harbours". None have been found, and it is thought that coastal erosion has destroyed all trace of these ports as well as a possible Theodosian signal station at Flamborough and a fort in the general vicinity of the harbour or beyond. In the 4th century Count Theodosius established signal stations on the North Yorkshire coast to warn of Saxon raids. It is believed that Flamborough Head would also have had one of these stations (probably on Beacon Hill, now a gravel quarry). From the Headland an observer can see Filey, Scarborough Castle and the Whitby promontory. A fort at Bridlington would have been well placed to act as centre of operations for these forts. A network of signal stations stretching south around the broad Bridlington Bay has also been suggested.^[11] This counterpart to the northern chain would guard this huge and accessible anchorage from barbarian piracy.

Near Dukes Park are two bowl barrows known as Butt Hills. They have been designated as Ancient Monuments by English Heritage.^[12] Also nearby are the remains of an Anglo-Saxon cemetery on a farm outside of Sewerby.^[13][14]

Manor

The earliest written evidence of Bridlington is in the Domesday Book. It records that "Bretlinton" was the head of the Hunthow Hundred and was held by Earl Morcar before it passed into the hands of William the Conqueror by the forfeiture.^[6] The survey also records the effect of the Harrying of the North as the annual value of the land had decreased from £32 in the time of Edward the Confessor to eight shillings (40p) at the time of the survey and comprised:

“two villeins, and one socman with one and a half Carucate. The rest is waste.”^[6]

The land was given to Gilbert de Gant, nephew of King Stephen, in 1072.^[6] It was inherited by his son Walter and thereafter appears to follow the normal descent of that family. After the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the manor remained with the crown until 1624 when Charles I granted it to Sir John Ramsey, who had recently been created the Earl of Holderness.^[6] In 1633, Sir George Ramsey sold the manor to 13 inhabitants of the town on behalf of all the tenants of the manor. In May 1636, a deed was drawn up empowering the 13 men as Lords Feoffees or trust holders of the Manor of Bridlington.^[14]

Social

Walter de Gant, later founded an Augustinian priory on the land in 1133 which was confirmed by King Henry I in a Charter.^[15] Several succeeding kings confirmed and extended Walter de Gaunt's gift: King Stephen granting in addition the right to have a port; King John granted the prior permission to hold a weekly market and an annual fair in 1200. Henry VI granted permission for three annual fairs on the Nativity of Mary, and Deposition of and the Translation of Saint John of Bridlington in 1446.^[6] In 1415 Henry V visited the priory to give thanks for victory at the Battle of Agincourt.^[16] The town began to be developed around the site of the priory as it grew in importance and size.^[14]

Political

In 1643 Queen Henrietta Maria of France landed at Bridlington with troops to support the Royalist cause in the English Civil War before going on to York, which then became her headquarters.^[6]

Industrial

The town was originally two separate settlements that have merged over time. The Old Town was about a mile inland and the Quay area is where the modern harbour is located. In 1837, an Act of Parliament meant that the old wooden piers were replaced with two new stone piers to the North and South.^[14] In addition to landing fish, the port was used to transport corn. The Corn Exchange built in 1826 can still be seen in Market Place and there used to be mills in the town for grinding. This led to some local breweries to be started, but like most industry, this petered out by the later part of the 20th century.^[17]

Government

Bridlington is within the boundary of the unitary authority of the East Riding of Yorkshire. It provides the three authority wards of Bridlington North, Bridlington South and Bridlington Old Town and Central. In total the wards return 8 councillors out of a total of 67.^[18] The civil parish is formed by the town of Bridlington and the villages of Bessingby and Sewerby and is run by a town council with 12 Councillors. There are three Town Council wards each returning four councillors.^[19]

The Town Council coat of arms is described as:

Per Sable and Argent three Gothic Capital letters B counterchanged on a Chief embattled of the second two Barrulets wavy Azure and for the Crest Issuant from a Coronet composed of eight Roses set upon a rim of a Sun rising Gules.

with the motto:

Signum Salutis Semper

meaning Always the bringer of good health.^[20]

Bridlington is within the boundary of the East Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency). The constituency is a large, mostly rural one covering the northern part of the county. It also includes the towns of Pocklington, Market Weighton and Driffield. Its size and shape correspond to the old East Yorkshire/North Wolds District that was a part of the old county of Humberside.

The town has been subject to several changes in parliamentary constituencies. From 1290 to 1831 it was part of the large Yorkshire constituency represented by two members until 1826 when it was granted an additional two members. Thereafter it was part of the Yorkshire East Riding constituency until 1885, returning two members. Further reform reduced the boundaries again, and the town was part of the single member Buckrose seat until 1950. From 1950 to 1997, Bridlington had its own MP until reform extended the boundary to include more countryside as the single seat East Yorkshire constituency.

Bridlington was designated a municipal borough in 1899. After local government re-organisation in 1974 it was included in the new county of Humberside, which caused much local resentment among residents who objected to being excluded from Yorkshire. The town became the administrative centre of a local government district, initially called the Borough of North Wolds but later changed to the Borough of East Yorkshire. The district disappeared when the county of Humberside was abolished in the 1990s, the new East Riding of Yorkshire unitary authority absorbing it and the neighbouring county districts, and Bridlington no longer has any formal local government administrative status above town council level.

Geography

Bridlington lies 16 miles (26 km) south east of Scarborough, 11 miles (18 km) north east of Driffield and 24 miles (39 km) north of Kingston upon Hull, the principal city in the county. It is 179 miles (288 km) north of London. The town ranges in elevation from sea level at the beaches to 167 feet (51 m) on Bempton Lane on the outskirts. The Gypsey Race river flows through the town, with the last half mile below ground after disappearing from sight at the Quay Road Car Park. The geology of the area is mainly from the Cretaceous period and consists of Boulder clay overlaying Chalk. The chalk is exposed as the land rises to the north of the town and forms the promontory of Flamborough Head.^[21]

Bridlington is a seaside resort in an area which is said to have the highest coastal erosion rate in Europe.^[22] Southward the coast becomes low, but northward it is steep and very fine, where the great spur of Flamborough Head projects eastward. The sea front is protected by a sea wall and a wide beach encouraged by wooden groynes which trap the sand.^[22] The beaches are part of a large deposit of smithic sand which stretches out into the bay in sand banks which are an important habitat for many marine species.^[22] Both Bridlington North and south beaches have won EU environmental quality awards over a number of years.^[23]

The Hull to Scarborough railway line divides the town from south west to north east and marks where the Old Town begins to the north of the line. The Old Town has some retail businesses and the Industrial Estates as well as large residential areas. To the south of the line is where the tourist attractions lie as well as holiday accommodation and some residential areas. As the town grew, it has incorporated the village of Hildersthorpe.

Climate

The climate is temperate with warm summers and cool, wet winters. The hottest months of the year are from June to September, with temperatures reaching an average high of 19 °C (66 °F) and 11 °C (52 °F) at night. The average daytime temperature in winter is 9 °C (48 °F) and 5 °C (41 °F) at night.

Demography

Population[1][24][25]
Year	1801	1811	1821	1831	1841	1851	1881	1891	1901	1911	1921	1931	1951	1961	2001	2011
Total	3,773	4,422	5,034	5,637	6,070	6,846	6,642	6,840	10,023	11,281	16,604	19,705	24,661	26,023	33,838	35,369

2001 census

The 2001 UK census showed that the population was split 47.4% male to 52.6% female. The religious constituency was made of 77% Christian, 0.14% Buddhist, 0.03% Jewish, 0.196% Hindu, 0.04% Sikh 0.22% Other and the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 98.7% White, 0.43% Mixed Ethnic, 0.08% Black/Black British, 0.19% Chinese/Other Ethnic and 0.49% Asian/British Asian. There were 16,237 dwellings.^[24]

2011 census

The 2011 UK census showed that the population was split 48.2% male to 51.8% female. The religious constituency was made of 66.21% Christian, 0.2% Buddhist, 0.14% Muslim, 0.08% Hindu, 0.05% Sikh, 0.31% Other and the rest stating no religion or not stating at all. The ethnic make-up was 98.5% White British, 0.32% Mixed Ethnic, 0.15% Black British, 0.44% Chinese/Other Ethnic and 0.21% British Asian. There were 17,827 dwellings.^[1]

Economy

From early in the history of Bridlington, a small fishing port grew up near the coast, later known as Bridlington Quay. After the discovery of a chalybeate spring, the Quay developed in the 19th century to become a seaside resort.^[6] Bridlington's first hotel was opened in 1805 and it soon became a popular holiday resort for industrial workers from the West Riding of Yorkshire. A new railway station was opened on 6 October 1846, between the Quay and the historic town.

The area around the new railway station was developed and the two areas of the town were brought together. Bridlington's popularity has declined with the industrial north and the popularity of cheap foreign holidays. Although the fishing fleet has also declined the port remains popular with sea anglers for day trips along the coast or further out to local shipwrecks. Bridlington has lucrative export markets for shell fish to France, Spain and Italy, said to be worth several million pounds a year.^[26]

Culture and community

Bridlington is served by the Bridlington Free Press newspaper, the East Riding Mail also serves the seaside town. Yorkshire Coast Radio used to broadcast from the town as the Bridlington area is a specific commercial radio licence, which operates as a peak-time opt-out service. However, all programming now comes from Scarborough. BBC Radio Humberside and Viking FM do broadcast to the town to and the Hull and the East Riding of Yorkshire region. Jake Thackray's song "The Hair of the Widow of Bridlington"^[27] mocked Bridlington for the small-mindedness of its inhabitants.

The town is twinned with Millau in France and Bad Salzuflen in Germany.^[4] The twinning arrangement dates back to 1991 and both the French and German towns are also twinned. Visits from the twin towns occur every two year, with the Bridlington visits to the twin towns occurring in the alternate years.^[28]

There are three main parks in the town. Queen's Park is a small open area at the junction of the B1254 and Queensgate. Westgate Park is a mostly wooded area lying between Westgate and the A165 on the outskirts of the town. The largest open area is Duke's Park which lies between Queensgate and the railway line. It is home to Bridlington Sports & Community Club, a skate park and Bridlington Town Football Club. In addition to these sporting facilities, there is a Sports Centre on the outskirts located on Gypsey Road. It has a general purpose sports hall, equipped gymnasium and squash courts. Until January 2014 swimming could be found at Bridlington Leisure World on the Promenade, as well as a gymnasium and indoor bowling rinks. A temporary Olympic legacy pool was opened by Jo Jackson in January 2014 at the Bridlington Sports Centre on Gypsey Road,^[29] while Leisure World was being rebuilt with an expected completion of summer 2015.^[30]

The town has a public library located on King Street. Within the triangle of Station Avenue, Station Road and Quay Road are the Town Hall, Magistrates Court and several other government buildings. On South Marine Drive there is an RNLI Life Boat Station. There has been a Life Boat in the town since 1805 and is manned entirely by volunteers.^[31] Close to the junction of the A165 with the A614 is the Hospital^[32] and Ambulance Station and on the opposite side closer to the town centre is the Fire Station established in 1960 with a mix of full-time and on call crew.^[33] There is a Post Office & Depot located not far from the level crossing on Quay Road.

Landmarks

Bridlington Priory, also known as the Priory Church of St Mary, is a Grade I listed building. It was built on the site of an Augustine Priory, hence its name. The Priory was once fortified and the Bayle Gate nearby is what remains of that fortification and is also a Grade I listed building.^[34][35] It has a good-sounding ring of eight bells (tenor approx. 24 cwt) with a long draft. It also has a large four-manual organ that boasts the widest "scaled" 32 ft reed (contra tuba) in the United Kingdom. Bridlington's War memorial is located in a small triangular garden at the junction of Prospect Street and Wellington Road. It was officially unveiled on Sunday 10 July 1921 by Captain S. H. Radcliffe, C.M.G., R.N.^[36]

The Bridlington Spa was opened in 1907, in its heyday Bridlington was a leading entertainment resort thanks to this nationally-famous dance venue where many famous entertainers appeared, including David Bowie & Morrissey. By 2005 the condition of the building had deteriorated to the point where East Riding of Yorkshire Council had to take a bold decision to undertake a full and thorough refurbishment of the entire Spa facility between 2006-2008 to ensure that it would be fit for the demands of a changing market in the 21st century. It has since again began attracting 'big' names again from the world of entertainment, in 2013 Indie Rock bands The Kaiser Chiefs and Kasabian, Irish band The Script and Joe McElderry all performed at the venue, attracting large crowds.^{[citation needed]}

Transport

Bridlington is served by the Bridlington railway station, on the Yorkshire Coast Line that runs between Hull and Scarborough. The station opened on 6 October 1846 between the Quay and the Old Town.^[37] East Yorkshire Motor Services, who have a depot^[38] in the town, run nine local bus services and six services to out of town destinations including York, Scarborough, Driffield, Beverley and Hull.^[39] Additionally, Yorkshire Coastliner also run a service between the town and Leeds. The town lies at the junction of two main trunk roads. The A165 between Hull and Scarborough and the A614 between the town and Nottingham. The route of the A614 was extended in 1996 to run over the route previously known as the A166 which went to York.

Three land trains run in Bridlington: the Yorkshire Rose, Yorkshire Lass and Yorkshire Lad.^[40] Two trains run on the North Promenade between Leisure World and Sewerby Hall and Gardens linking Bridlington town centre with the summer car parks. One Land Train runs on the South Promenade linking Bridlington town centre to the park and ride and South Cliff Caravan Park.^[41] In the 1970s and 1980s there were two trains - the Burlington Bertie and Bridlington Belle.

Education

Primary

There are 7 Primary Schools in the Bridlington Civil Parish, Burlington Infant and Junior can be counted together. All schools are mixed gender and cater for pupils between three or four and eleven years of age. Bay Primary School is located on St Alban Road with 335 pupils.^[42] Burlington Infant School is located in Marton Road and has 239 children.^[43] Burlington Junior School is also located on Marton Road has 320 kids.^[44] Hilderthorpe Primary School is located on Shaftesbury Road with 328 children.^[45] Martongate Primary School is located in Martongate and has 424 pupils.^[46] Quay Primary School is located in Oxford Street with 390 children.^[47] Our Lady and Saint Peter RC Primary School, built in 1977, (formerly St. Mary's RC Primary School) is located on George Street and has 210 children.^[48] New Pasture Lane Primary School is located in Burstall Hill with 177 pupils.^[49]

Secondary

Bridlington School is a specialist Sports and Design & Technology College for eleven to eighteen year old mixed gender children. Located on Bessingby Road on the outskirts of the Town, it has a capacity of 1,244.^[50] There have been many notable past pupils. There is also the Headlands School and Community Science College located on Sewerby Road. It caters for mixed gender children aged between eleven and eighteen years old. It has a partnership with the town's other secondary school. It has a capacity of 1,485.^[51]

Further and higher education

East Riding College provides tertiary education for anyone over the age of sixteen. Located on St Mary's Walk, it is close to Bay Primary School. Courses cover both academic and vocational subjects.^[52]

Religious sites

The prime place of Christian worship in the town is the Priory Church of St Mary in Church Green. Christ Church on Quay Road next to the War Memorial was built in 1841 by Gilbert Scott. Originally a Chapel of Ease, it became a parish church in 1871 and is now a Grade II listed building.^[53]

Emmanuel Church on Cardigan Road is modern red brick built building and part of the Church of England. The Harbourside Evangelical Church can be found in a side road off Bridge Street leading to the harbour. The Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witnesses is located on Station Avenue. The Cornerstone Church, formerly known as The Chapel Hall, is an Evangelical Church in St John's Walk.^[54] There has been a Baptist church in the town since 1698 with the current building located on the corner of Quay Road and Havelock Street.^[55] On the corner of St John's Street and Brett Street is the Free Presbyterian Church.^[56] There is an independent Evangelical Church in Ferndale Terrace called the Calvary Chapel by the Sea.^[57]

There has been a strong Methodist Church presence in the town since 1770. The various strands have joined together over the years and as a result so have the locations. St John's Burlington Methodist Church on St John's Street is now home to the town's Methodist congregation. The chapel in the Promenade lasted from 1852 until 1957 and was part of the United Methodist Free Church. The Primitive Methodists established a chapel in St John Street in 1833, but moved to a new location nearby in 1849. This in turn was rebuilt in 1877 and lasted until 1970. The Primitive Methodists also had a chapel, known as the Central Methodist Church, on the Quay in 1833. They relocated to Chapel Street in 1870 and built a larger premise on that site in 1878. in 1969 they joined with the Chapel Street Methodist Church. The Chapel Street Methodist Church was in existence in 1810 in what was originally Back Street. This was rebuilt in 1873 and lasted until 1999 when they became the last Methodist congregation to unite at the present Chapel.^[58]

The Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady & St Peter is located in Victoria Road. The Catholic Parish had been without a permanent mission in the town for a very long time. A previous 1886 building in Wellington Road had not provided sufficient space when a mission was eventually granted. The modern premises were built in 1893-94 by Arthur Lowther. The church hall adjacent was built in 1963. The connection to the sea is evident on the dedication to Our Lady, also known as the Star of the Sea, and to St Peter, Patron Saint of Fishermen. The convent in the High Street is associated with the Church and though now run by the Sisters Of Mercy, was originally Dominican.^[59]

Sport

The town is the home of semi-professional Bridlington Town A.F.C., founded in 1918, refounded in 1994, and now playing in the Northern Counties East League Premier Division (NCEL). Their home ground is the stadium on Queensgate. The team's honours include winning the FA Vase in 1993, three NCEL Premier Division titles and 15 East Riding County FA Cups.^[60] The town also has a junior football club, Bridlington Rangers, with teams playing in different age groups of the Hull Boys Sunday Football League. Bridlington Sports Club plays in the Humber Premier League.

In cricket the first team of Bridlington Cricket Club play in the York & District Senior league division 1. The club also runs three Saturday league teams and junior teams.^[61]

The town also has a Rugby Union club. Other sports played around Bridlington include tennis, hockey and petanque.

Notable people

Natives

• William Kent (1686–1748), architect, landscape architect and furniture designer was born in the town.^[62]
• The woodblock colour printer and ornithologist, Benjamin Fawcett, was born in the town in 1808.^[63]
• The twelfth century English chronicler and historian, William of Newburgh, was born in Bridlington.
• The cricketer and former Yorkshire County Cricket Club captain Cecil Burton (1887–1971) was born in the town, as was his younger brother Claude Burton (cricketer) (1891–1971), who also played for Yorkshire.^[64]
• The professional football player Richard Creswell was born in Bridlington on 20 September 1977. He started his career with York City F.C. before playing in higher divisions of the English League System.^[65][66]
• The racing driver Adam Khan, was born in the town on 24 May 1985. David Pinkney, businessman and auto racing driver competing in the British Touring Car Cahmpionships, was born in the town.
• Professional footballer and manager Craig Short was born in Bridlington on 25 June 1968. He has played at the highest levels of both the English and Turkish League Systems.
• Thomas Fenby was a Liberal politician and blacksmith who was born in the town in 1875. During his life his was Mayor of Bridlington as well as representing the town as MP. He died at his Bridlington home in 1956.
• The Labour politician and lawyer Andrew Dismore was born in the town on 2 September 1954. He was educated at Bridlington School.^[67]
• Another labour politician, Angela Eagle, was also born in the town on 17 February 1961.^[68]
• Sir John Major, 1st Baronet of Worthlingworth Hall was born in Bridlington in 1698. The merchant and member of Parliament died in 1791.
• Henry Freeman was a Whitby fisherman and lifeboatman who was born in the town.
• The former Deputy Director General of the UK Prison Service Gordon Lakes was born in the town in 1928. He is credited with helping to achieve improved working conditions among UK prisons.
• Mark Herman was born in the town in 1954 and is a film director and screen writer. Among his best known works are Brassed Off, Little Voice and The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas.^[69]
• A. E. Matthews was born in Bridlington in 1869. The stage and film actor featured in the 1956 version of Around the World in 80 days, Doctor at Large and Carry on Admiral.^[70]
• Francis Johnson CBE (1911–95) was born in Bridlington and was a renowned church architect.^[71]
• Bob Wallis (1934–91), jazz musician, was born in Bridlington. He had some success in the British charts in the late 50s and early 60s. His father was harbourmaster in the town.

Residents

• John Twenge (St. John of Bridlington), a 14th-century English saint, was a Canon of Bridlington Priory. He was born less than ten miles from the town in Thwing.
• The parents of renowned film actor Malcolm McDowell owned a small hotel and bar in Bridlington where he would sometimes work. McDowell was born in Horsforth, West Yorkshire.
• As of 2013, artist David Hockney owned a house in Bridlington, at which an assistant drank a cleaning product and died in March 2013.^[72]

See also

• Burlington, Ontario is named after Bridlington by John Graves Simcoe.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bridlington.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Bridlington.

v t e Populated coastal places in the East Riding of Yorkshire Anticlockwise Sewerby Bridlington Clockwise Wilsthorpe

v t e Ceremonial county of East Riding of Yorkshire Yorkshire Portal Unitary authorities East Riding of Yorkshire Kingston upon Hull Major settlements Beverley Bridlington Brough Driffield Goole Hedon Hessle Hornsea Howden Kingston upon Hull Market Weighton Pocklington Snaith Withernsea See also: List of civil parishes in East Riding of Yorkshire Rivers Aike Beck Arram Beck Derwent Foulness Gypsey Race Hull Humber Ouse Trent Falls West Beck Canals Beverley Beck Driffield Navigation Leven Market Weighton Pocklington Topics Parliamentary constituencies Places SSSIs Country houses Grade I listed buildings Grade II* listed buildings History Museums Lord Lieutenants High Sheriffs Monastic houses Windmills