Bridgeport, Connecticut

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"Bridgeport" redirects here. For other uses, see Bridgeport (disambiguation).
City of Bridgeport
City
Bridgeport

Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): The Park City, The Port, B-Port, BPT
Location in Fairfield County, Connecticut
Coordinates: 41°11′11″N 73°11′44″W / 41.18639°N 73.19556°W / 41.18639; -73.19556Coordinates: 41°11′11″N 73°11′44″W / 41.18639°N 73.19556°W / 41.18639; -73.19556
Country United States
State Connecticut
County Fairfield
NECTA Bridgeport-Stamford
Region Greater Bridgeport
Incorporated (town) 1821
Incorporated (city) 1836
Government
 • Type Mayor-council
 • Mayor Bill Finch
Area
 • City 19.4 sq mi (50.2 km2)
 • Land 16.0 sq mi (41.4 km2)
 • Water 3.4 sq mi (8.8 km2)
 • Urban 9,014.3 sq mi (3,843.8 km2)
Elevation 3 ft (1 m)
Population (2012)[1]
 • City 146,425 (US: 169th)
 • Density 8,720.9/sq mi (3,354/km2)
 • Metro 925,899 (US: 56th)
Time zone Eastern (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (UTC-4)
ZIP code 06601, 06602, 06604, 06605, 06606, 06607, 06608, 06610, 06650, 06673, 06699[2]
Area code(s) 203/475
FIPS code 09-08000
GNIS feature ID 0205720
Website www.bridgeportct.gov

Bridgeport is the most populous city in Connecticut. Located in Fairfield County on the Pequonnock River and Long Island Sound, the city had an estimated population of 144,229 at the 2010 United States Census[1] and is the core of the Greater Bridgeport area. The city is part of the Greater New York City Combined Statistical Area. It is the fifth-largest city in New England (behind Boston, Worcester, Providence and Springfield.) Bridgeport is the center of the 48th-largest urban area in the United States, just behind Hartford (47th). Most of Bridgeport was originally a part of the township of Stratford.

English colonists began settling along the Pequonnock River after 1639, quickly buying land from the Paugussett tribe or otherwise divesting them of it. The settlement became a center of trade, shipbuilding, and whaling. In the mid-19th century, the village rapidly industrialized, attracting immigrants to the growing number of factory jobs. Industry stayed strong until after World War II. Industrial restructuring and suburbanization caused the loss of many jobs and affluent residents, leaving Bridgeport struggling with problems of poverty. In the 21st century, conversion of office buildings to residential, and other redevelopment is attracting new residents.

The circus-promoter and former mayor, P.T. Barnum, was a famous resident of the city. Barnum built three houses there, and housed his circus in town during winters. The first Subway restaurant opened in the North End section of the city in 1965.[3] The Frisbie Pie Company was located here, and Bridgeport is credited as the birthplace of the Frisbee.[4]

History

Main article: History of Bridgeport, Connecticut

The first English settlement on the west bank of the mouth of the Pequonnock River was made somewhere between 1639 and 1665 and was called Pequonnock, after the name of the Native American people, a sub-tribe of the Paugussett, who had historically occupied this area. One of their sacred sites was Golden Hill, the center of springs and planting fields, now within downtown Bridgeport.[5][6] The village was renamed Newfield sometime before 1777.[7]

More people settled further inland and to the West and the area officially became known as Stratfield in 1701, likely due to its location between the already existing towns of Stratford and Fairfield.[8] During the American Revolution, Bridgeport and its harbor were a center of privateering.[6] In 1800, Newfield village was chartered as the borough of Bridgeport, and in 1821 the township of Bridgeport, including more of Stratfield, was incorporated. Bridgeport was chartered as a city in 1836.[9]

Early years

Bridgeport's early years were marked by residents' reliance on fishing and farming, similar to the society of the Native American Paugassett. They had cultivated corn, beans and squash, and fished from both the river and sound. The city's location on the deep Newfield Harbor fostered a boom in shipbuilding and whaling in the mid-19th century, especially after the opening of a railroad to the city in 1840.[10][11]

The city rapidly industrialized in the late 19th century, when it became a manufacturing center. It produced such goods as the famous Bridgeport milling machine, brass fittings, carriages, sewing machines, brassieres, saddles, and ammunition.[12] Bridgeport annexed the village of Black Rock and its busy harbor in 1870.[13]

Eastern View of Bridgeport, Con. by John Warner Barber (1836)

Presidential visits

On Saturday, March 10, 1860, Abraham Lincoln spoke in the city's Washington Hall, an auditorium at the old Bridgeport City Hall (now McLevy Hall), at the corner of State and Broad streets. The largest room in the city was packed, and a crowd formed outside as well. Lincoln received a standing ovation before taking the 9:07 p.m. train that night back to Manhattan.[14][15] A plaque marks the site where Lincoln spoke; later that year, he was elected president. Other notables who have given speeches in Bridgeport include the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., who spoke three times at the Klein Auditorium during the 1960s; President George W. Bush spoke before a small group of Connecticut business people and officials at the Playhouse on the Green in 2006;[16] and President Barack Obama spoke at the Harbor Yard arena in 2010 to gain support for the campaign of Democratic Governor Dan Malloy.[17]

Industrialization and labor history

Industrialization was underway by the mid-19th century. Famous factories included Wheeler & Wilson, which produced sewing machines and exported them throughout the world, and the Locomobile Company of America, builder of one of the premier automobiles in the early years of the century.[18]

In the summer of 1915, amid increased labor demand as men were drafted for World War I, workers in Bridgeport called a series of strikes demanding the eight-hour day. They were so successful that the strikes and the eight-hour day spread throughout the Northeast.[19]

By 1930, Bridgeport was a thriving industrial center with more than 500 factories. Since the late 19th century, its industrial jobs had attracted the most recent immigrants: Irish, Italians and Eastern Europeans. The build-up to World War II further helped its industries.[20]

Columbia Records' primary pressing plant was located in Bridgeport. It manufactured the Columbia OKeh (after 1926), as well as their dime-store labels (Harmony, Velvet Tone, Diva and Clarion).

Deindustrialization

Restructuring of heavy industry starting after the mid-20th century caused the loss of thousands of jobs and residents. Like other urban centers in Connecticut, Bridgeport suffered during the deindustrialization of the United States in the 1970s and 1980s.[21] Continued development of new suburban housing attracted middle and upper-class residents, leaving the city with a higher proportion of poor. The city suffered from overall mismanagement, for which several city officials were convicted, contributing to the economic and social decline.[22]

In September 1978, Bridgeport teachers went on a 19-day strike due to deadlocked contract negotiations. A court order, as well as a state law that made strikes by public workers illegal in Connecticut, resulted in 274 teachers being arrested and jailed.[23]

A portion of the harbor in Bridgeport. Facilities shown are part of the United Illuminating coal-fired power plant

Like other northeastern cities suffering from the effects of post-World War II industrial decline, Bridgeport made numerous efforts at revitalization. In one proposal Las Vegas developer Steve Wynn was to build a large casino, but that project failed to be implemented. In 1991, the city filed for bankruptcy protection but was declared solvent by a federal court.[24]

Twenty-first century

In the early 21st century, Bridgeport has taken steps toward redevelopment of its downtown and other neighborhoods. In 2004, artists' lofts were developed in the former Read's Department Store on Broad Street. Several other rental conversions have been completed, including the 117-unit Citytrust bank building on Main Street. The recession has halted, at least temporarily, two major mixed-use projects including a $1 billion waterfront development at Steel Point, but other redevelopment projects have proceeded, such as the condominium conversion project in Bijou Square.[25] In 2009, the City Council approved a new master plan for development, designed both to promote redevelopment in selected areas and to protect existing residential neighborhoods.[26] In 2010, the Bridgeport Housing Authority and a local health center announced plans to build a $20 million medical and housing complex at Albion Street, making use of federal stimulus funds and designed to replace some of the housing lost with the demolition of Father Panik Village.[27]

Emergency services

Fire department

The Bridgeport Fire Department provides fire suppression, prevention, education, investigation, and first responder basic life support emergency medical services to the city of Bridgeport.

Law enforcement

Five law enforcement agencies serve Bridgeport: two are at the city level, one at the county level, and two at the state level.

City level:

  • Bridgeport Police Department – the city's primary law enforcement agency, it deals with every-day things in the city from gang violence to petty theft.
  • Bridgeport Park Police Department – a separate department from the Bridgeport police, this agency was formed to enforce law in Bridgeport's vast area of city parks.

County level:

  • Fairfield County Marshal – Fairfield Judicial District – this agency is responsible for judicial process and most arrest warrants in the south eastern portion of Fairfield County that is adjacent to the borders of the Greater Bridgeport Regional Planning Agency.

State level:

Law enforcement agencies in Fairfield County, Connecticut
State Level
County Level
Town/City Level
  • Bethel Police Department
  • Bridgeport Police Department
  • Bridgeport Park Police Department
  • Bristol Police Department
  • Brookfield Police Department
  • Danbury Police Department
  • Darien Police Department
  • Easton Police Department
  • Fairfield Police Department
  • Greenwich Police Department
  • New Canaan Police Department
  • Newtown Police Department
  • Norwalk Police Department
  • Ridgefield Police Department
  • Shelton Police Department
  • Shelton Sheriff's Department
  • Stamford Police Department
  • Stratford Police Department
  • Weston Police Department
  • Westport Police Department
  • Wilton Police Department
  • Trumbull Police Department
University Level
  • Western Connecticut State University Police Department
  • Sacred Heart University Public Safety

Medical care

The community has two hospitals, Bridgeport Hospital and St. Vincent's Medical Center. The former Park City Hospital closed in 1993 and was reopened in 2010 as elderly and homeless housing units.[28] Emergency medical services are provided by American Medical Response at the paramedic level.

Animal control

Located for many years at 525 Asylum Street, in 2008 Bridgeport Animal Control moved to 236 Evergreen Street. This location was the previous housing quarters for the Shoreline Star Greyhounds and once housed over 800 dogs. The animal control facility is the largest in the state of Connecticut, handling more than 1500 to 2000 animals yearly. The new facilities consist of three buildings: one for administration and two for animal holding. One serves for quarantine for the seven-day holding period, and the second is the adoption building. The new shelter can house up to 80 dogs and 25 cats. The largest breed of dog the shelter deals with is the pit bull. The BAC does not pick up cats or wildlife unless they are sick or injured.[29]

Geography and climate

Bridgeport is located along Long Island Sound at the mouth of the Pequonnock River, named for the Native American tribe who historically lived along it.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 19.4 square miles (50 km2), of which 16.0 square miles (41 km2) is land and 3.4 square miles (8.8 km2), or 17.53%, is water.

Bridgeport lies within the transition zone between a humid subtropical and a humid continental (Köppen Cfa/Dfa). Although the seasonal extremes are moderated by Long Island Sound, the primary annual weather pattern flow is offshore, from the landmasses to the north and west. As such Bridgeport can have cold winters and hot summers. The coastal location of Bridgeport on Long Island Sound result in Bridgeport being several degrees cooler in summer and milder with less snowfall in winter than locations further away from the coast. Bridgeport is a relatively sunny climate, averaging more than 2400 hours of sunshine annually.

In summer, hot and often sultry tropical weather conditions can be typical, with high temperatures in the 80s and occasionally in the 90s F. Brief, but intense late day thunderstorms are common in the hottest months. Fall and spring months are cool to warm with high temperatures from 50 to 70 F. The winter months have daily high temperatures in the upper 30s F and overnight lows in the mid 20s F. Winters in Bridgeport are modest, with a mix of rain and snow, though in some years Bridgeport can receive heavy snow. The city receives 42.8 inches (1,090 mm) of precipitation and 30 inches (76 cm) of snowfall in an average year.

With a period of record only dating back to 1948, Bridgeport's highest temperature is 103 °F (39 °C) on July 22 in 1957 and 2011, while the lowest temperature is −7 °F (−22 °C) on January 22, 1984. Several hurricanes have impacted Bridgeport, including one in 1938.

Climate data for Bridgeport, Connecticut (Sikorsky Airport), 1981–2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 68
(20)		 67
(19)		 84
(29)		 91
(33)		 97
(36)		 97
(36)		 103
(39)		 100
(38)		 99
(37)		 89
(32)		 78
(26)		 76
(24)		 103
(39)
Average high °F (°C) 37.1
(2.8)		 39.7
(4.3)		 47.2
(8.4)		 57.6
(14.2)		 67.6
(19.8)		 77.0
(25)		 82.1
(27.8)		 80.8
(27.1)		 74.0
(23.3)		 63.2
(17.3)		 53.1
(11.7)		 42.3
(5.7)		 60.1
(15.6)
Average low °F (°C) 23.1
(−4.9)		 25.2
(−3.8)		 31.4
(−0.3)		 41.0
(5)		 50.5
(10.3)		 60.2
(15.7)		 66.3
(19.1)		 65.6
(18.7)		 58.0
(14.4)		 46.4
(8)		 37.9
(3.3)		 28.4
(−2)		 44.5
(6.9)
Record low °F (°C) −7
(−22)		 −5
(−21)		 4
(−16)		 18
(−8)		 31
(−1)		 41
(5)		 49
(9)		 44
(7)		 36
(2)		 26
(−3)		 16
(−9)		 −4
(−20)		 −7
(−22)
Precipitation inches (mm) 3.10
(78.7)		 2.79
(70.9)		 4.04
(102.6)		 4.13
(104.9)		 3.80
(96.5)		 3.64
(92.5)		 3.46
(87.9)		 3.96
(100.6)		 3.48
(88.4)		 3.64
(92.5)		 3.39
(86.1)		 3.33
(84.6)		 42.75
(1,085.9)
Snowfall inches (cm) 9.2
(23.4)		 8.2
(20.8)		 5.4
(13.7)		 .9
(2.3)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 .7
(1.8)		 5.5
(14)		 30.0
(76.2)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) 10.9 9.7 11.3 11.0 11.8 11.1 8.9 8.9 8.2 8.8 10.0 11.1 121.7
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 inch) 5.0 3.6 2.4 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 .5 3.1 15.0
Source: NOAA[30]
1912 postcard showing Main Street in Bridgeport

Cityscape

The Bridgeport Harbor is bordered by Long Island Sound and is formed by the estuary of the Pequonnock River and Yellow Mill Pond, an inlet. Between the estuary and the pond is a peninsula, East Bridgeport, also known as the East Side, which was once the site of some of the largest manufacturing establishments in Connecticut, most of which no longer exist. On the other side of the Yellow Mill Pond inlet is the East End of Bridgeport, which is the far Eastern point of the city, next to Pleasure Beach Island. Above the East End are the Mill Hill and Boston Avenue neighborhoods and the border with Stratford, Connecticut. West of the Harbor and the Pequonnock River is the main portion of the city, with Downtown Bridgeport lining the river, the South End lining the harbor and Long Island Sound, the West Side between Fairfield, Connecticut and Downtown, and North Bridgeport extending from Downtown and the West Side to the border with Trumbull, Connecticut. Numerous factories, some of which are no longer in operation, line western sections the Metro North/New Haven Railroad line from the Bridgeport Station in Downtown, under Interstate 95 in the South End, and through the West Side and into Fairfield. The city is surrounded by hills in North Bridgeport/North End, the Upper East Side, and Mill Hill.

The main portion of the city is divided into three major North/South roads that somewhat parallel each other. Main Street, the city's main artery, extending from the Trumbull town line, down through North Bridgeport, under Route 25 and into Downtown, ending at the Harbor Yard Arena in the South End. Park Avenue is the far western main road that is on the borderline with the town of Fairfield and extends from the Easton, Connecticut border in the North End to the South End at Seaside Park. Madison Avenue is situated parallel between Main Street and Park Avenue that extends from the Trumbull town line in the North End and continues through the West Side. East Main Street is the major North/South road through East Bridgeport, extending from the Trumbull/Stratford line though the East Side, ending near Steel Point. The major East/West roads in the city are Barnum Avenue, Boston Avenue, Fairfield Avenue/Stratford Avenue, North Avenue, Capitol Avenue, State Street, and Railroad Avenue. Barnum Avenue extends from the Stratford line, below Mill Hill, and ends at the Pequonnock River. Boston Avenue breaks off of Barnum Avenue at the Stratford line and goes Northwest through the Upper East Side into the North End. Stratford Avenue starts in the South End of the town of Stratford and travels Southwest into Bridgeport, where it briefly becomes Connecticut Avenue in the city's East End. It then travels East through Steel Point directly into the center of Downtown Bridgeport, where it turns into Fairfield Avenue at Main Street. Fairfield Avenue then travels South and then Southwest through the West Side and down into Black Rock, where it turns into the Boston Post Road, or simply, the Post Road, in Fairfield, Connecticut. North Avenue begins at Boston Avenue in the Upper East Side above the Pequonnock River and extends Southwest diagonally through the city as Route 1. It then turns into Kings Highway in Fairfield. Capitol Avenue begins by breaking off of North Avenue at Island Brook Avenue Ext. and travels West across the Madison and Brooklawn neighborhoods near North Bridgeport and ends at the Fairfield line. State Street begins in Downtown and cuts across the West Side, where it terminates in Fairfield. Railroad Avenue extends from just below Downtown Bridgeport and runs parallel with the Metro North/New Haven Railroad lines. The Westbound side above the tracks, and the Eastbound side below the tracks. It terminates at Fairfield Avenue in the West Side.

There are two large parks in Bridgeport, the Park City. Beardsley is in the extreme northeastern part of the city and also contains Connecticut's only zoo, the Beardsley Zoo. It also borders a large reservoir. Seaside is west of the harbor entrance and along the Sound in the South End. It has statues in honor of Elias Howe, who built a large sewing-machine factory in 1863; and of P.T. Barnum, the showman, who lived in Bridgeport after 1846. He contributed much to the city, especially East Bridgeport. Seaside Park also has a soldiers' and sailors' monument. In the vicinity are many upscale residences.

Aside from the Pequonnock River and the Yellow Mill Pond, there is Cedar Creek. Cedar Creek is a lake-like tidal creek that lies between Black Rock and Seaside Park. Black Rock Harbor lies at the mouth of the creek.[31]

The principal municipal buildings in Bridgeport are the city's two hospitals (St. Vincent's Medical Center and Bridgeport Hospital), the Protestant orphan asylum, the Barnum Institute (occupied by the Bridgeport Scientific and Historical Society), the Bridgeport Medical Society, City Hall, the Fairfield County Courthouse, the Barnum Museum, and the United States Customs House, which also contains a post office.

Historical postcard showing Bridgeport Harbor
1941 postcard showing Fairfield County Courthouse in Bridgeport

Neighborhoods

Bridgeport is made up of approximately 70 distinct neighborhoods and districts.

  • Downtown Bridgeport
    • Central Business District
    • Historic Downtown North
    • The Hollow
      • Bull's Head
      • Enterprise Zone
      • Golden Hill
      • Hollow Proper (Golden Valley)
      • Sterling Hill
    • The Greene Homes (Housing Project)
    • Housatonic Community College Campus
  • East Bridgeport/East Side/East End
    • Beardsley Park
    • Boston Avenue
    • Briarwood/Treeland
    • Bridgeport Hospital
    • Remington Woods
    • Success Lake/Success Village
    • Harborview Towers
    • Lower East Side
    • Mill Hill
    • Newfield
    • Newpasture Point
    • Steel Point
    • Upper East Side
    • Washington Park
  • West Side/West End
    • Black Rock
      • Black Rock Gardens
      • Captains Cove
      • Grover's Hill/St. Mary's by-the-Sea
      • P.T. Barnum (Housing Project)
    • Brooklawn
    • Mountain Grove
    • Meetinghouse Hill
  • South End
  • North Bridgeport/North End
    • Beardsley Terrace/Trumbull Gardens (Housing Project)
    • Beechmont Gardens
    • Brookside
    • Charcoal Pond
    • Chestnut Hill
    • Cow Hill
    • Island Brook (Berkshire)
    • Lake Forest (www.lakeforestassociation.com)
    • Little Italy
    • Ox Hill
    • Rocky Hill/Sylvan Crest
    • St. Vincent's
    • Toilsome Hill
    • Whiskey Hill

Islands

Demographics

See also: List of Connecticut locations by per capita income
Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18403,294
—
18506,08084.6%
186012,10699.1%
187018,96956.7%
188027,64345.7%
189048,86676.8%
190070,99645.3%
1910102,05443.7%
1920143,55540.7%
1930146,7162.2%
1940147,1210.3%
1950158,7097.9%
1960156,748−1.2%
1970156,542−0.1%
1980142,546−8.9%
1990141,686−0.6%
2000139,529−1.5%
2010144,2293.4%
Est. 2012146,4251.5%
Population 1840–1970[1][32][33]

As of the census of 2000, there were 139,529 people, 50,307 households, and 32,749 families residing in the city. The population density was 8,720.9 people per square mile (3,367.0/km²). There were 54,367 housing units at an average density of 3,398.1 per square mile (1,312.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 45.0% White, 30.8% African American, 0.5% Native American, 3.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 14.8% from other races, and 5.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.8% of the population. Other ancestry groups include: Italian (8.6%), Irish (5.1%), Portuguese (2.9%), Polish (2.8%), and German (2.4%).[34]

As of the 2010 census, there were 144,229 people residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city residents was 39.6% White; 34.6% Black or African American; 3.4% Asian; and 4.3% from two or more races. A total of 38.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[35] Non-Hispanic Whites were 22.7% of the population in 2010,[35] compared to 74.6% in 1970.[36]

A typical street scene in Bridgeport

There were 50,307 households out of which 34.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.0% were married couples living together, 24.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.70 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the city the population was spread out with 28.4% under the age of 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 91.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,658, and the median income for a family was $39,571. Males had a median income of $32,430 versus $26,966 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,306. About 16.2% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.8% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over. Since 1849, FSWINC, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization has provided care for individuals living in difficult socioeconomic situations in both Bridgeport and Fairfield.[37][38]

According to 2010 census data, the Bridgeport MSA, containing all of Fairfield County, is the most unequal region in America.[39][40]

Economy

Top employers

According to the City's 2009 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[41] the top employers in the city are:

Employer # of Employees
St. Vincent's Medical Center 3,000
Bridgeport Hospital 2,622
People's United Bank 1,179
University of Bridgeport 875
Bridgeport Health Care Center 500
Housatonic Community College 482
Prime Line 310
Derecktor Shipyards 300
Lacey Manufacturing 275
Watermark Retirement Communities 165

Education

Main article: Education in Bridgeport, Connecticut

Higher education

Bridgeport is home to Housatonic Community College, St. Vincent's College, University of Bridgeport and the Yeshiva Gedola of Bridgeport. The Yeshiva Gedola is currently the home of the Bridgeport Community Kollel, a rabbinic fellowship program.[42]

Public education

The city's public school system has 30 elementary schools, three comprehensive high schools, two alternative programs and an interdistrict vocational aquaculture school. The system has about 20,800 students, making the Bridgeport Public Schools the second largest school system in Connecticut after Hartford. It is ranked #158 out of the 164 Connecticut school districts.[43] The school system employs a professional staff of more than 1,700.

The city has started a large school renovation and construction program, with plans for new schools and modernization of existing buildings.

Public high schools

  • Bassick High School established in 1929.
  • Central High School established in 1876, home to Central Magnet, largest of the high schools.
  • Warren Harding High School home to the International Baccalaureate Program (IBO) and the Health Magnet Program in association with Bridgeport Hospital, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, and Bridgeport Manor.
  • Bridgeport Regional Vocational Aquaculture School (BRVAS), a school specializing in marine and aquaculture curriculum. Located near historic Captain's Cove and open to students from surrounding towns.
  • Bullard Havens Technical High School, a vocational high school. (State School)
  • The Bridge Academy: Bridgeport's sole Charter High School.

Private education

Bridgeport is also home to religious schools and private schools, including Bridgeport International Academy (grades 9-12), Bridgeport Hope School (K-8), Bridgeport International Academy (9–12), Kolbe Cathedral High School (9-12), Zion Lutheran School (PK-8), St. Andrew School (PK-8), St. Ann Academy (PK-8) and Catholic Academies of Bridgeport (St. Augustine School (PK-8) and St. Raphael School (PK-8)).

Government and politics

The city is governed by the mayor council system. There are twenty members of the city council elected from districts. Each district elects two members. The mayor is elected by the entire city.

Bridgeport is notable for having had a Socialist mayor for 24 years; Jasper McLevy served as mayor from 1933 to 1957. A more recent mayor, Joseph Ganim, was involved in a corruption scandal, as has been the case with some other mayors in Connecticut.[44] In June 2006, Mayor John M. Fabrizi admitted that he had used cocaine while in office.[45]

Voter registration and party enrollment as of October 25, 2005[46]
Party Active voters Inactive voters Total voters Percentage
  Republican 5,069 468 5,537
  Democratic 33,374 2,855 36,229
  Unaffiliated 18,538 1,887 20,425
  Minor parties 27 3 30
Total 57,008 5,213 62,221 100%

Taxes

In 2005, the mill rate for Bridgeport was 42.28[47] and is reportedly 41.855 for fiscal year 2013-2014.[48]

Culture

Barnum Museum.

Performing arts

Theater and music

Bridgeport has a number of venues for live theater and music events, ranging from intimate performing spaces to a stadium hosting rock concerts.[49]

Music festivals and concert series

Bridgeport has been the annual home to Gathering of the Vibes, a weekend long arts, music and camping festival featuring some of the best names in festival talent. In 1999, 2000, and 2007 through 2010, thousands of people have come from all over the world to camp in Seaside Park and enjoy such talent as Buddy Guy, Bob Weir and Ratdog, Deep Banana Blackout, Les Claypool, Assembly of Dust, Dirty Dozen Brass Band, Los Lobos and Bridgeport's own The Alternate Routes.

Since 1945, the Greater Bridgeport Symphony has been a cultural and musical gem for the City of Bridgeport and its surrounding towns, performing at the 1,400 seat Klein Memorial Auditorium. The orchestra has a rich and vibrant history. Under the direction of Gustav Meier for the past 41 years, the prestigious orchestra has welcomed international soloists Beverly Sills, Midori, Benny Goodman, Itzhak Perlman with other links to legends like Leonard Bernstein, Jose Iturbi. Through its annual Carlson-Horn Competition for Young Instrumentalist created many new bright professional soloists including Andrew Armstrong, Alexander Markov, Anita Chen, to name just a few.

Bridgeport is also the home of the Black Rock Art Center, a multi-cultural center that presents performing artists from Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the Americas both at the Art Center and also in a Summer Sounds of the World concert series. The series has featured such artists as blues musician James Cotton, Grammy-award winner Eddie Palmieri, the Cambodian Angkor Dance Company, salsa master Larry Harlow, and folk artists Richie Havens and Odetta. The Art Center features a world music series, a cabaret series, the Black Rock Blues Festival, in addition to cinema, gallery, and educational programs.

Museums, zoos and parks

Theater and music

Bridgeport has a number of museums, ranging from the science-oriented to fine arts and historical, as well as the state's largest zoo.[49]

Parks

Further information: History of Bridgeport, Connecticut

Bridgeport's first public park was the 4-acre (16,000 m2) Washington Park in East Bridgeport, first set aside as a park in 1851.[50] As the city rapidly grew in population, residents recognized the need for more public parks and by 1864, Barnum and other residents had donated approximately 35 acres (140,000 m2) to create Seaside Park, now increased to 375 acres (1.52 km2).[51] In 1878, over 100 acres (400,000 m2) of land bordering the Pequonnock River was added as Beardsley Park.[52] Frederick Law Olmsted, famous for creating New York City's Central Park, designed both Seaside and Beardsley Parks.[53] Over time, more parks were added including 35-acre (140,000 m2) Beechwood Park and Pleasure Beach, home to a popular amusement park for many years.

The "Park City" now has these parks:

  • Alice Street Lot, located on Alice Street
  • Baldwin Plaza, on Broad Street
  • Beardsley Park, located on Noble Avenue where Harding High School plays Baseball and Softball games; picnic areas are also visible, located adjacent to Beardsley Zoo
  • Beechwood Park, Madison Avenue, incorporating Kennedy Stadium
  • Ellsworth Park, on Ellsworth Street
  • Fairchild Memorial Park, located on Trumbull Road
  • Glenwood Park, where tennis courts are abundant
  • James Brown Park (Waterview Park), located on Waterview Avenue
  • Johnson Oak Park on Logan Street (now part of the Tisdale Elementary School)
  • Lafayette Park, located on Oak Street
  • Longfellow Park, on St. Stephens Road
  • Newfield/Jessup Park located on Newfield Avenue has a playground,
  • Pleasure Beach is closed
  • Puglio Park on Madison Avenue consecutive to the North End Library
  • Rogers Elton Park on Frenchtown Road
  • Seaside Park, the largest park in Bridgeport with baseball/softball/soccer fields, fishing areas, picnic areas, playgrounds, groomed beach and swimming, and boat launch stretching from Bridgeport Harbor to Black Rock Harbor
  • Saint Mary's-By-the-Sea located on Grovers Avenue
  • Success Park on Granfield Street
  • Svihra Park on Ezra Street
  • Upchurch Park on Hallett Street
  • Wood Park on Wood Avenue
  • Veteran's Memorial Park, formerly, 90 Acres Park, runs between Park and Madison Avenues in the North End (undeveloped/reclaimed)
  • Washington Park located on East Washington Avenue
  • Waterfront Park located on Water Street primarily for baseball usage
  • Went Field Park on Wordin Avenue (play area, Baseball/softball was Barnum's Circus winter grounds)
  • West Side 2 Park located on Bostwick Avenue

In popular culture

  • The city was mentioned at the beginning of Mark Twain's novel, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.[54]
  • In Stephen King's short story "I Know What You Need," the protagonist Elizabeth and her suitor Ed first meet in elementary school in Bridgeport, where Ed's family had moved fleeing the gambling debt accumulated by his father.[55]
  • The city is mentioned in a scene from the 1938 Katharine Hepburn/Cary Grant film, Bringing Up Baby.
  • The character Joseph Wykowski in Neil Simon's play Biloxi Blues was from Bridgeport.[56]
  • The character Robert E. Hogan in Bernard Fein's television show Hogan's Heroes was from Bridgeport.
  • The song "157 Riverside Avenue" by REO Speedwagon mentions Bridgeport. It gets its title from the address in the nearby town of Westport where the band was staying while they recorded their first album in Bridgeport in a studio run by Paul Leka.[57]
  • The city and P.T. Barnum formed the portmanteau name of the ursine character, P.T. Bridgeport, from Walt Kelly's comic strip Pogo.
  • Comedian Fred Allen once said, "Everywhere outside New York City is Bridgeport, Connecticut."[58]
  • The TV series Family Guy took a shot at Bridgeport in its episode Road to the North Pole. After mistaking a tall gloomy factory for Santa's workshop, Stewie said, "This can't be the North Pole. This looks like Bridgeport, Connecticut!" To which Brian replied, "Oh boy, here come the letters." The screen then portrays an enraged fan from the city with a thick New England Accent, writing a hate letter out loud as follows. "Dear 'Family Guy' Bastards, Who the hell do you think you are? I'll have you know that Bridgeport is among the world leaders in abandoned buildings, shattered glass, boarded up windows, wild dogs and gas stations without pumps..."[59][60] The series' creator Seth MacFarlane is a Connecticut native from Kent.
  • Bridgeport is an address listed on a piece of evidence in the 2011 detective video game, L.A. Noire.
  • Bridgeport Harbor is referenced in Die Hard 3, and is where John McClane is rescued.
  • In the musical Annie, Oliver Warbucks says that compared to New York City, everything else is Bridgeport.

Movies filmed in Bridgeport

A list of films shot or partially filmed in the city:[61]

Television produced in Bridgeport

Sports

Club League Venue Established Championships
Bridgeport Bluefish ALPB, Baseball The Ballpark at Harbor Yard 1998 1
Bridgeport Sound Tigers AHL, Ice hockey Arena at Harbor Yard 2001 0

The recently built Arena at Harbor Yard serves as the city's sports and hospitality center. Seating 10,000, the Arena serves as the home rink of the Bridgeport Sound Tigers AHL hockey team, as well as the home court of the Fairfield University's basketball team.

The Ballpark at Harbor Yard serves as a minor-league baseball stadium, and was built in 1998 to serve as the homefield of the Bridgeport Bluefish. It is located downtown on a former brownfield site. It is visually prominent to commuters on I-95 or on passing trains.

Kennedy Stadium serves as a community sports facility. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, it was the home of an Atlantic Coast Football League minor league football team, the Bridgeport Jets, a New York Jets farm team also known locally as the Hi-Ho Jets due to their sponsorship by the (Hi-Ho) D'Addario construction company.

Fairfield University is located in the neighboring town of Fairfield, and many of the athletic teams play on campus. Only the men's and women's basketball teams play in Bridgeport.

Media

Radio

  • WCUM AM 1450; 1,000 watts (formerly WJBX-AM, and before that, WNAB-AM) Spanish Format station better known as Radio Cumbre.
  • WDJZ AM 1530; 5,000 watts (daytime only) Gospel Radio that serves the African American and Caribbean communities in the Bridgeport Metro area.
  • WICC-AM 600; 1,000 watts (daytime), 500 watts (nighttime) – WICC began broadcasting on November 21, 1926, when a previous radio station, WCWS, was given a new name, WICC. The last three letters standing for Industrial Capitol of Connecticut. The Bridgeport Broadcasting Company Inc. was the new station's owner. Back then, the station was powered at 500 watts. From 1951 to 1956 one of the station's radio hosts was Bob Crane, who later went on to play Col. Robert Hogan on the Hogan's Heroes television comedy series.[62] WICC's transmitter is located on Pleasure Beach, an island located between downtown Bridgeport and Long Island Sound.
  • WEBE-FM 107.9; 50,000 watts. WEBE 108 is "Connecticut's Best Music Variety!" owned and operated by Cumulus Media. Licensed to Westport, CT, with studios and transmitter in Bridgeport.
  • WEZN-FM 99.9; 27,500 watts (formerly WJZZ-FM). STAR 99.9 is "Today's Best Mix!" The station owned by Connoisser Media. Lincensed to Bridgeport, CT, with studios in Milford and transmitter in Trumbull.
  • WPKN-FM 89.5; 10,000 watts; From the station's web site: "WPKN is somewhat inscrutable. We break all of the rules, and we observe few, if any, of the conventions. We have no format whatsoever, we permit our programmers to do whatever they will, and we don't accept funding from the sources which might restrict our freedoms. We are totally accountable to our listeners in that we publish our budget to everyone on our mailing list, and we also invite you to our monthly staff meetings and, in particular, the June meeting at which we discuss the budget. (...) WPKN's programming can be heard on two frequencies: 89.5 FM from our transmitter at Trumbull, CT and 88.7 FM (formally known as WPKM) at Montauk on Long Island. If you're driving eastward and you start to lose the 89.5 signal, you can tune over to 88.7 and continue to hear us until about Exit 6 on I-95 in Rhode Island."[63]

Due to Bridgeport's close proximity to Long Island Sound, many radio stations from New York are received clearly day and night in the market. These include WMCA, WFAN, WOR, WABC, WNYC, WCBS, WEPN, and WQEW.[64]

Radio stations in the Bridgeport, Connecticut market
By AM frequency
By FM frequency
By callsign
Connecticut radio markets
Bridgeport
Danbury
Hartford-New Britain-Middletown
New Haven
New London
Stamford-Norwalk
  • NYC Metro Markets
    • Long Island
    • Hudson Valley [partial]
    • Poughkeepsie
    • Middlesex-Somerset-Union
    • Monmouth-Ocean
    • Morristown
    • Bridgeport
    • Danbury
    • New Haven
    • Stamford-Norwalk
See also
List of radio stations in Connecticut

Newspapers

  • Elsolnews.com, a community Spanish Language Weekly Newspaper covering news and events.
  • Connecticut Post - Formerly the Bridgeport Post and Bridgeport Telegram. The areas main newspaper covering Bridgeport and the surrounding area. <http://www.ctpost.com>The newspaper is printed daily by The Post Publishing Company 2 blocks west of the Main Office at 410 State Street Bridgeport.

Television

Bridgeport was NBC's pioneer UHF TV test site from December 29, 1949 to August 23, 1952;[65] the equipment from the "Operation Bridgeport" tests was later deployed commercially at KPTV in Portland, Oregon (1952-1957). While Bridgeport is primarily served by New York City stations, some local UHF broadcasters operate today:

  • WEDW channel 49; one of the Connecticut Public Television stations, broadcasts from Bridgeport and can be seen in Hartford.
  • In 2011, WTNH-TV opened a satellite studio in the offices of the Connecticut Post downtown on State Street.
  • WZME channel 43 now mostly broadcasts older classic TV shows. Licensed to Bridgeport with transmitter in Trumbull.

Transportation

Airports

Nearby Sikorsky Memorial Airport once provided regional flights to major hub cities such as Logan International Airport in Boston and Baltimore-Washington International Airport; however, service to the airport declined in the 1990s, and US Airways Express became the last airline to suspend operations at the airport in November 1999. Tweed New Haven Regional Airport is another nearby facility that provides scheduled air service. The closest international airports are Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, LaGuardia and John F. Kennedy in New York City and Newark in Newark, New Jersey.

Major highways

Bridgeport has several major roadways. Interstate 95 and the Route 8/Route 25 Connector meet in downtown Bridgeport. I-95 runs east-west near the coast heading towards New York City to the southwest and Providence to the northeast. Routes 8 and 25 run north-south across the city, with the two routes splitting just north of the city. Route 8 continues towards Waterbury and Torrington and Route 25 continues towards the Danbury area. Both Routes 8 and 25 connect to the Merritt Parkway in the adjacent town of Trumbull.

Other major surface arteries are U.S. 1 (the Boston Post Road), which runs east-west north of downtown, and Main Street, which runs north-south towards Trumbull center. The city also has several secondary state highways, namely, Route 127 (East Main Street), Route 130 (Connecticut Ave, Stratford Ave, Fairfield Ave and Water Street), and the Huntington Turnpike.

Railroad and ferries

The Bridgeport Station is part of an intermodal transit hub

The Bridgeport Traction Company provided streetcar service in the region until 1937.

The city is connected to nearby New York City by both Amtrak and Metro-North commuter trains, which serve Bridgeport's Metro-North station. Many residents commute to New York jobs on these trains, and the city to some extent is developing as an outpost of New York–based workers seeking cheaper rents and larger living spaces. Connecting service is also available to Waterbury via Metro-North, and New Haven via Amtrak and Metro-North. Shoreline East service links Old Saybrook and New London with New Haven, which extends to Bridgeport and Stamford during weekday rush hours only.

The Bridgeport & Port Jefferson Ferry service runs from Bridgeport across Long Island Sound to Port Jefferson, New York; the three vessels "Grand Republic", "P.T. Barnum" and "Park City" transport both automobiles and passengers.

Buses

The Greater Bridgeport Transit Authority (GBTA) provides bus service to Bridgeport and its immediate suburbs. Route 2 the Coastal Link goes west to Norwalk and east to Westfield's Connecticut Post Mall in Milford, from where Connecticut Transit can bring passengers to the New Haven Green. Greyhound and Peter Pan Bus Lines both offer intercity bus service to points throughout the Northeast and points beyond.

Historic sites

Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in Bridgeport, Connecticut

Bridgeport has a number of sites listed on the National Register of Historic Places:

  • Berkshire No. 7 — boat, Bridgeport Harbor (added 1978)
  • Barnum Museum — 805 Main St. (added December 7, 1972)
  • Barnum/Palliser Historic District — Roughly bounded by Myrtle and Park Aves., Atlantic and Austin Sts. (both sides) (added 1982)
  • Bassickville Historic District — 20–122 Bassick, 667–777 Howard, and 1521–1523 Fairview Aves., and 50-1380 State St. (added October 8, 1987)
  • Beardsley Park — 1875 Noble Ave. (added April 18, 1999)
  • Bikur Cholim Synagogue — 1545 Iranistan Ave. (added December 27, 1995)
  • Black Rock Gardens Historic District — Bounded by Fairfield St., Brewster St. and Nash Ln., including Rowsley and Haddon Sts. (added October 26, 1990)
  • Black Rock Historic District — Roughly bounded by Black Rock Harbor, Grovers Ave., Beacon and Prescott Sts. (added April 15, 1979)
  • Bridgeport City Hall — 202 State St. (added October 19, 1977)
  • Bridgeport Downtown North Historic District — Roughly bounded by Congress, Water, Fairfield Ave., Elm, Golden Hill & Chapel Sts. (added December 2, 1987)
  • Bridgeport Downtown South Historic District — Roughly bounded by Elm, Cannon, Main, Gilbert, and Broad Sts. (added October 3, 1987)
  • Connecticut Railway and Lighting Company Car Barn — 55 Congress St. (added 1987)
  • David Perry House — 531 Lafayette St. (added April 22, 1984)
  • Deacon's Point Historic District — Roughly bounded by Seaview Ave. and Williston, Bunnell and Deacon Sts. (added September 21, 1992)
  • Division Street Historic District — Roughly bounded by State St., Iranistan, Black Rock and West Aves. (added July 3, 1982)
  • Elmer S. Dailey — boat, Bridgeport Harbor (added 1978)
  • Eagle's Nest — 282–284 Logan St. (added April 5, 1979)
  • East Bridgeport Historic District — Roughly bounded by railroad tracks, Beach, Arctic, and Knowlton Sts. (added May 25, 1979)
  • East Main Street Historic District — Bounded by Walters and Nichols Sts. from 371–377, 741–747, 388–394 and to 744 East Main Sts. (added March 21, 1985)
  • Ein Jacob (Ayn Yacob) Synagogue — 746 (aka 748) Connecticut Ave. (added December 27, 1995)
  • Fairfield County Courthouse — 172 Golden Hill St. (added February 21, 1982)
  • Fairfield County Jail — 1106 North Ave. (added May 18, 1985)
  • First Baptist Church — 126 Washington Ave. (added March 22, 1990)
  • Gateway Village Historic District — Roughly bounded by Waterman St., Connecticut Ave. and Alanson Ave. (added October 26, 1990)
  • Golden Hill Historic District — Roughly bounded by Congress St., Lyon Terr., Elm, and Harrison Sts. (added October 3, 1987)
  • Hotel Barnum — 140 Fairfield Ave. (added 1978)
  • Lakeview Village Historic District — Roughly bounded by Essex St., Boston Ave., Colony St., Plymouth St. and Asylum St. (added October 26, 1990)
  • Maplewood School — 434 Maplewood Ave. (added March 21, 1990)
  • Marina Park Historic District — Marína Park, Park and Waldemere Aves. (added May 27, 1982)
  • Mary and Eliza Freeman Houses — 352-4 and 358-60 Main St. (added March 22, 1999)
  • Nathaniel Wheeler Memorial Fountain — Park and Fairfield Aves. (added May 4, 1985)
  • Priscilla Dailey — boat, Bridgeport Harbor (added 1978)
  • Palace and Majestic Theaters — 1315–1357 Main St. (added 1979)
  • Park Apartments — 59 Rennell St. (added October 26, 1990)
  • Penfield Reef Lighthouse — Long Island Sound off Shoal Point (added October 27, 1990)
  • Pequonnock River Railroad Bridge — Amtrak right-of-way at Pequonnock River (added July 12, 1987)
  • Peyton Randolph Bishop House — 135 Washington Ave. (added September 25, 1987)
  • Railroad Avenue Industrial District — Roughly bounded by State and Cherry Sts., Fairfield and Wordin Aves. (added October 30, 1985)
  • Remington City Historic District — Roughly, Bond, Dover, and Remington Sts. and Palisade Ave., between Stewart and Tudor Sts. (added October 26, 1990)
  • Remington Village Historic District — Roughly, Willow and East Aves. between Boston and Barnum Aves. (added October 26, 1990)
  • Seaside Institute — 299 Lafayette Ave. (added July 14, 1982)
  • Seaside Park — Long Island Sound (added August 1, 1982)
  • Seaside Village Historic District — West side of Iranistan Ave. between South St. and Burnham St. (added October 26, 1990)
  • St. John's Episcapal Church — 768 Fairfield Ave. (added September 2, 1984)
  • Sterling Block-Bishop Arcade — 993–1005 Main St. (added 1978)
  • Sterling Hill Historic District — Roughly bounded by Pequonnock St., Harral Ave., James St. and Washington Ave. (added May 2, 1992)
  • Stratfield Historic District — CT 59 and U.S. 1 (added July 23, 1980)
  • Thomas Wheeler House, 266 Brewster Street, Black Rock Harbor
  • Tongue Point Lighthouse — West side of Bridgeport Harbor at Tongue Point (added June 29, 1990)
  • United Congregational Church — 877 Park Ave. (added August 19, 1984)
  • United Illuminating Company Building — 1115–1119 Broad St. (added March 21, 1985)
  • U.S. Post Office — 120 Middle St. (added April 17, 1986)
  • West End Congregation—Achavath Achim Synagogue — 725 Hancock Ave. (added June 11, 1995)
  • William D. Bishop Cottage Development Historic District — Cottage Pl. and Atlantic, Broad, Main and Whiting Sts. (added July 28, 1982)
  • Wilmot Apartments Historic District — Junction of Connecticut and Wilmot Aves. (added October 26, 1990)

For places on the register elsewhere in Fairfield County, see List of Registered Historic Places in Fairfield County, Connecticut.

Notable people

Obverse of the Bridgeport Half Dollar
Main article: List of people from Bridgeport, Connecticut

Perhaps Bridgeport's most famous resident from the past is P. T. Barnum, the circus promoter who also served as mayor of the city. His portrait was used on the obverse of the coin commemorating the city's centennial in 1936. Other Bridgeporters who achieved fame far outside the city include:

Fanny Crosby was a famous blind Christian hymn writer who died in Bridgeport, Connecticut.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Bridgeport city, Connecticut". U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder 2. Retrieved August 5, 2011. 
  2. ↑
  3. ↑ Emily Ross, Angus Holland (2005). One hundred great businesses and the minds behind them. Sourcebooks, Inc. p. 388. ISBN 978-1-4022-0631-3. 
  4. ↑ "History Of Frisbies". Retrieved November 28, 2007. 
  5. ↑ Waldo, v1 1917, pp. 14—16.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Bridgeport, Conn.". The Encyclopedia Americana: a library of universal knowledge 4. New York: Encyclopedia Americana Corp. 1918. p. 527. Retrieved July 29, 2010. 
  7. ↑ Orcutt, v1 1886, p. 609.
  8. ↑ Orcutt, v1 1886, pp. 470—474.
  9. ↑ Waldo, v1 1917, pp. 37—38.
  10. ↑ Orcutt, v1 1886, pp. 608—609.
  11. ↑ Waldo, v1 1917, pp. 222—225.
  12. ↑ Strother, French (January 1916). "America, A New World Arsenal". The World's Work: A History of Our Time XXXI: 321–333. Retrieved August 4, 2009. 
  13. ↑ "National Historic Places Nomination" (PDF). Black Rock. 1978. p. 11. Retrieved July 28, 2010. 
  14. ↑ Burr, Raymond F., Abraham Lincoln: Western Star Over Connecticut, Lithographics Inc., Canton, Connecticut (no year given), pages 1 and 15; book contents reprinted by permission of the Lincoln Herald, (Harrogate, Tennessee) Summer, Fall and Winter, 1983 and Spring and Summer, 1984
  15. ↑ Holzer, Harold, Lincoln at Cooper Union, (Simon & Schuster: New York), 2004 Chapter 8: "Unable to Escape This Toil," p. 201 ISBN 0-7432-2466-3
  16. ↑ Fred Lucas (April 6, 2006). "Bush visits Bridgeport". News Times (Danbury). Retrieved July 30, 2010. 
  17. ↑ "Martin Luther King in Bridgeport?". Bridgeport Public Library. Retrieved July 30, 2010. 
  18. ↑ Kimes, Beverly Rae (editor) and Clark, Henry Austin, jr., The Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942, 2nd edition, Krause Publications (1989), ISBN 0-87341-111-0
  19. ↑ Philip Sheldon Foner (1982). History of the Labor Movement in the United States: 1915–1916, on the Eve of America's Entrance into World War I, Vol. 6. International Publishers Company, Incorporated. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-7178-0595-2. "[A] ten-hour center like Bridgeport was converted overnight into an eight-hour community, a result that ten years of agitation under normal conditions might not have accomplished." 
  20. ↑ "Bridgeport Working: Voices from the 20th Century". Bridgeport Public Library. Retrieved July 28, 2010. 
  21. ↑ Matthew L. Wald (September 5, 1982). "THE Workplace in Transition". New York Times (US). Retrieved July 28, 2010. 
  22. ↑ Andi Rierden (February 25, 1990). "Bridgeport is Fighting Its 'Dump City' Image". New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2010. 
  23. ↑ Musante, Fred (February 1, 1998). "Teachers' Strike Stirs Bitter Memories". The New York Times. Retrieved April 26, 2010. 
  24. ↑ George Judson (August 2, 1991). "U.S. Judge Blocks Bridgeport From Bankruptcy Court". New York Times. Retrieved July 17, 2010. "The case attracted national attention as Bridgeport portrayed itself as a city abandoned by industry, left to bear alone the poverty and social problems of Fairfield County that its suburbs turned their backs on." 
  25. ↑ Lisa Prevost (April 10, 2009). "Revival in Progress; Stay Tuned". New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2010. 
  26. ↑ Bill Cummings (August 31, 2009). "Bridgeport council approves development plan". News Times (Danbury). Retrieved August 5, 2010. 
  27. ↑ Keila Torres (February 14, 2010). "Agencies partner for housing/medical complex in Bridgeport". News Times (Danbury). Retrieved August 5, 2010. 
  28. ↑ Former Bridgeport hospital converted to elderly, low income housing - Connecticut Post. Ctpost.com (2010-09-13). Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  29. ↑ Source: Bridgeport Animal Control
  30. ↑ "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-12-28. 
  31. ↑ Cedar Creek on by Google Maps
  32. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau. Accessed January 23, 2008.
  33. ↑ "Table 3. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places in Connecticut: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). Retrieved December 28, 2012. 
  34. ↑ Bridgeport, Connecticut (CT) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news. City-data.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "Bridgeport (city), Connecticut". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2012. 
  36. ↑ "Connecticut - Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved May 13, 2012. 
  37. ↑ http://www.fswinc.org/history.php
  38. ↑ http://www.fswinc.org/2011pdf/annual_repoprt/Annual_report_2010.pdf
  39. ↑ The 25 Most Unequal Cities In America. Business Insider (2010-10-11). Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  40. ↑ Zumbrun, Joshua (November 30, 2009). "America's Most Unequal Cities". Forbes. 
  41. ↑ City of Bridgeport CAFR
  42. ↑ http://www.bridgeportkollel.com
  43. ↑ Connecticut State Districts - CT School District Rankings. Schooldigger.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  44. ↑ Everton Bailey Jr. (June 18, 2010). "Hartford Mayor Eddie Perez convicted of corruption". Christian Science Monitor. Associated Press. Retrieved August 15, 2010. "Corruption investigations have brought down several prominent Connecticut politicians within the past decade.... Bridgeport Mayor Joseph Ganim was convicted of corruption in 2003, sentenced to nine years in prison and released to a halfway house in Hartford in January. Former Waterbury Mayor Philip Giordano is serving a 37-year prison sentence for sexually abusing two girls, crimes that came to light during a federal corruption investigation." 
  45. ↑ Michael J. Daly (June 15, 2008). "Fabrizi's story still intrigues". Connecticut Post. Retrieved August 15, 2010. 
  46. ↑ "Registration and Party Enrollment Statistics as of October 25, 2005" (PDF). Connecticut Secretary of State. Archived from the original on 2006-09-23. Retrieved 2006-10-02. 
  47. ↑ Connecticut Mill Rates. Courant.com. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
  48. ↑ How your taxes are determined - City of Bridgeport, CT. Bridgeportct.gov. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.
  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 Patricia Harris and David Lyon (February 6, 2008). "On a comeback: After some down times, city find itself on the verge of a renaissance". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 5, 2010. 
  50. ↑ Waldo, v1 1917, p. 277.
  51. ↑ Jeff Holtz (August 18, 2002). "The View From/Bridgeport; Historic Seaside Park Recaptures Its Appeal". New York Times. Retrieved August 1, 2010. 
  52. ↑ Waldo, v1 1917, p. 280.
  53. ↑ F.L. & J.C. Olmsted (1884). Beardsley Park: Landscape Architects' Preliminary Report. Privately Printed (Boston). pp. 4–7. 
  54. ↑ . JSTOR 2711156.  Missing or empty |title= (help)
  55. ↑ Stephen King (1978). Night shift. Doubleday. pp. 255–256. ISBN 978-0-385-12991-6. "'P.S. 119, Bridgeport, Connecticut' .... 'Ed Hamner, Sr., was a compulsive gambler. He worked for a top-line advertising agency in New York and then moved to Bridgeport sort of on the run.'" 
  56. ↑ A. J. Sobczak, Janet Alice Long, and Frank Northen Magill (1998). Cyclopedia of Literary Characters, Volume 1. Salem Press. p. 190. ISBN 978-0-89356-438-4. "Joseph Wykowski. a recruit of Polish background from Bridgeport, Connecticut..." 
  57. ↑ REO SPEEDWAGON - 157 RIVERSIDE AVENUE LYRICS. Songlyrics.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  58. ↑ Fred Allen quotes. Thinkexist.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  59. ↑ Mayor Bill Finch laughs off Family Guy's shot at Bridgeport - Connecticut Post. Ctpost.com (2010-12-13). Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  60. ↑ Catlin, Roger. (2010-12-13) 'Family Guy' vs. Bridgeport - Roger Catlin | TV Eye. Blogs.courant.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-15.
  61. ↑ http://www.imdb.com/List?endings=on&&locations=Bridgeport,%20Connecticut,%20USA&&heading=18;with+locations+including;Bridgeport,%20Connecticut,%20USA
  62. ↑ "History" section of the WICC web site accessed June 29, 2006
  63. ↑ WPKN web site "About" page accessed June 29, 2006
  64. ↑ Radio Stations in Bridgeport, Connecticut. : Radio-Locator
  65. ↑ Amanda Cuda (December 31, 2007). "1908 world ended at your town's border". Connecticut Post (ctpost.com, Bridgeport, CT). 

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  6. Greenville
  7. Oxnard
  8. El Paso
  9. Allentown
  10. Baton Rouge
  11. McAllen
  12. Dayton
  13. Columbia
  14. Greensboro
  15. North Port–Sarasota–Bradenton
  16. Little Rock
  17. Stockton
  18. Akron
  19. Charleston SC
  20. Colorado Springs
  1. Syracuse
  2. Winston-Salem
  3. Cape Coral
  4. Boise City
  5. Wichita
  6. Springfield MA
  7. Madison
  8. Lakeland
  9. Ogden
  10. Toledo
  11. Deltona
  12. Des Moines
  13. Jackson
  14. Augusta
  15. Scranton
  16. Youngstown
  17. Harrisburg
  18. Provo
  19. Palm Bay
  20. Chattanooga
United States Census Bureau population estimates for July 1, 2012
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