Bradford, Manchester
Coordinates: 53°28′52″N 2°11′42″W / 53.481°N 2.195°W
Bradford is a district and electoral ward in the city of Manchester, England, two miles north east of the city centre. Historically in Lancashire, Bradford was for many years an economically deprived area[1] but has undergone regeneration with the building of the City of Manchester Stadium which hosted the 2002 Commonwealth Games and is now home to Manchester City F.C.. Bradford is neighboured by Beswick to the west and the two areas are sometimes referred to as Bradford-with-Beswick. The River Medlock and the Ashton Canal run through Bradford.
History
The name of the area is ancient and in 1196 the village was known as ‘Bradeford’,[2] meaning "broad ford". Up to the commencement of the Industrial Revolution, Bradford Village was rural with woodland, pastures and brooks. It is reported that wolves and eagles once inhabited the woodlands and that honey production was part of the local economy.
Coal mining
From Tudor times (1485–1603), sufficient coal was mined to supply most of the needs of Manchester and with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, Bradford Colliery was expanded to provide fuel to power steam engines in the new cotton mills that were springing up in the district. With the coming of the Ashton Canal in 1797, the colliery was connected to it by means of a private branch.
In 1871, the owner of Bradford Colliery was R. T. Parker and the occupier, for rate purposes, was T. & C. Livesey. When deeper pit shafts were sunk, seams of fireclay were discovered and consequently a brickworks was built on the north side of the site to manufacture firebricks for use in lining furnaces. The brickworks had the same owner and occupier as Bradford Colliery. By 1896, the pit manager was F. L. Ward and the under-manager was George Bentley. At that time there were 404 underground workers and 125 surface workers. Four types of coal were mined, namely gas coal, household coal, manufacturing coal and steam coal. The brickworks was still operational in 1896 but by this time it was owned by Edward Williams. However, the only employees were three underground workers still extracting clay and two surface workers and this indicates a decline in the local firebrick manufacturing industry. In 1935 Bradford Colliery became part of Manchester Collieries and became part of the National Coal Board on nationalisation in 1947. It remained open until September 1968 when it closed, not because its supply of coal was exhausted, but because of the damage to property caused by subsidence that would have been caused in the exploitation of new coal seams under built-up areas.
Coal from the mine was fed to the nearby Stuart Street Power Station via an underground conveyor system.
Other industries
The other large employer in Bradford Village was Richard Johnson & Nephew (Bradford Ironworks), who manufactured wire of all kinds. The ironworks was also served by the Ashton Canal. In 1869, a giant gasholder or ‘gasometer’ was built at the new Bradford Gasworks and this, along with the adjacent colliery, ironworks and cotton mills, was a dominant feature of the landscape.
Governance
Bradford was originally a part of the Salford Hundred in the County Palatine of Lancashire. Bradford was an independent township of the ancient parish of Manchester, having its own parochial offices under the Manchester churchwardens. In 1841 this changed and the township became a member of the Manchester Poor Law Union, which was established under the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1841. From 13 April 1850 the village was a member of the Prestwich Union, constituted by order of the Poor Law Board in 1850. The Local Board was set up in 1863 under the Public Health Act of 1848. In 1896 Bradford was incorporated into the civil parish of North Manchester.
The current councillors are John Longden, Rosa Battle and Neil Swannick.
Geography
The Bradford township had an area of 288 acres between the River Medlock Ashton Old Road. During the Industrial Revolution the area was covered with streets of terraced houses. The Ashton Canal crosses the township to the north and beyond the canal is Philips Park. the underlying rocks are the sandstones and shales of the Middle Coal Measures of the Manchester Coalfield.[2]
Regeneration
In addition to the City of Manchester Stadium, an Asda hypermarket has been built as well as the National Cycling Centre velodrome.
Bradford was home to the sculpture B of the Bang, built to commemorate the 2002 Commonwealth Games. At the time it was the tallest artwork in the UK, but after suffering structural problems was dismantled in 2009.[3]
References
- ↑ Bradford profile - e-manchester.gov.uk
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Farrer, William; Brownbill, J, eds. (1911), "Bradford", A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4 (British History Online): 274–275, retrieved 2010-12-10
- ↑ Jenkins, Russell (4 August 2009). "It began with a Bang but landmark sculpture is sent for recycling". The Times (London). Retrieved 4 December 2010.