Bombinatoridae

Bombinatoridae Temporal range: Pliocene–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Bombina variegata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Subclass:	Lissamphibia
Superorder:	Batrachia
Order:	Anura
Suborder:	Archaeobatrachia
Family:	Bombinatoridae
Genera
Barbourula Bombina
Distribution of Bombinatoridae (in black)

The Bombinatoridae are often referred to as fire-bellied toads because of their brightly colored ventral sides, which show they are highly toxic. This family includes two genera, Barbourula and Bombina, both of which have flattened bodies.

Bombina species are warty, aquatic toads about 7 cm (2.8 in) in length, and most noted for their bright bellies. They often display the unken reflex when disturbed; the animal will arch its back and limbs to expose the bright belly, and may turn over on its back. This acts as a warning to predators.^[1] The vocal behavior of some Bombina sp. is unusual in that the call is produced during inhalation rather than exhalation as in other frogs. They lay pigmented eggs in ponds.

Barbourula species occur in the Philippine Islands and Borneo, while Bombina species are found throughout Eurasia. They are slightly less colored than Bombina, and possess webbed fingers in addition to webbed toes. Characteristics of tadpoles of Barbourula are unknown.

Barbourula was considered to be situated intermediate between Discoglossus and Bombina, but closer to the latter, and was therefore also added to the Bombinatoridae when that family was split from the Discoglossidae.

Fossil Bombina specimens are known from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene; there are no known fossils of Barbourula.

Species

Family BOMBINATORIDAE

• Genus Barbourula
  • Barbourula busuangensis - Busuanga jungle toad
  • Barbourula kalimantanensis - Kalimantan jungle toad
• Genus Bombina
  • Bombina bombina - European fire-bellied toad
  • Bombina fortinuptialis - Guangxi firebelly toad
  • Bombina lichuanensis - Lichuan firebelly toad
  • Bombina maxima - Yunnan firebelly toad
  • Bombina microdeladigitora - Hubei firebelly toad
  • Bombina orientalis - Oriental fire-bellied toad
  • Bombina pachypus - Apennine yellow-bellied toad
  • Bombina variegata - yellow-bellied toad

References

• San Mauro, Diego; Mario Garcia-Paris and Rafael Zardoya (December 2004). "Phylogenetic relationships of discoglossid frogs (Amphibia:Anura:Discoglossidae) based on complete mitochondrial genomes and nuclear genes". Gene 343 (2): 357–66. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.10.001. PMID 15588590.  Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
• San Mauro, Diego; Miguel Vences, Marina Alcobendas, Rafael Zardoya and Axel Meyer (May 2005). "Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea" ( – ^{Scholar search}). American Naturalist 165 (5): 590–9. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855.  Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

v t e Extant anuran families by suborder Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Craniata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Amphibia Archaeobatrachia Ascaphidae Bombinatoridae Discoglossidae Leiopelmatidae Mesobatrachia Megophryidae Pelobatidae Pelodytidae Pipidae Scaphiopodidae Rhinophrynidae Neobatrachia Amphignathodontidae Aromobatidae Arthroleptidae Brachycephalidae Brevicipitidae Bufonidae Centrolenidae Craugastoridae Dendrobatidae Heleophrynidae Hemiphractidae Hemisotidae Hylidae Hyperoliidae Leptodactylidae Mantellidae Microhylidae Myobatrachidae Petropedetidae Pyxicephalidae Ranidae Rhacophoridae Rhinodermatidae Sooglossidae