Bombardier Voyager family

Voyager / Super Voyager / Meridian
Classes 220 (left) and 221 (right) at Durham, showing different bogie designs
The interior of standard class on board a class 220 operated by CrossCountry
In service	2001-present
Manufacturer	Bombardier Transportation
Built at	Bruges, Belgium
Constructed	2000 - 2005
Number built	105 trainsets
Number in service	104 trainsets
Operator	CrossCountry East Midlands Trains Virgin Trains
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	23.85 m (78 ft 3 in) end cars 22.82 m (74 ft 10 in) other
Width	2.73 m (8 ft 11 in)
Maximum speed	125 mph (200 km/h)
Engine(s)	Cummins QSK19
Power output	750 hp (560 kW) per car
Braking system(s)	Rheostatic
Safety system(s)	AWS, TPWS
Coupling system	Dellner[1]

The Voyager series is a group of high-speed diesel-electric multiple-unit trains built in Belgium by Bombardier Transportation for service on the UK railway network. They are used on various intercity services throughout Great Britain, including the UK's longest direct rail service, which is CrossCountry service 1V60 from Aberdeen to Penzance which departs Aberdeen at 08:20 and takes 13 hours and 23 minutes to complete.

Variants

Class 220

A Class 220 in CrossCountry livery

The Class 220 Voyager was built to operate Cross Country intercity services. 34 four-car sets were built between 2000 and 2001 and operated by Virgin Trains. With Virgin's loss of the Cross Country franchise, these were all transferred to the new operator CrossCountry in November 2007.

Class 221

Class 221 Super Voyager

The Class 221 Super Voyager was built as a tilting version of the Class 220. Although visually similar, the majority of these trains have five cars instead of four, and have been fitted with a tilting mechanism similar to that on the Class 390 EMU, which can be enabled or disabled at any time. 44 sets were constructed for use by Virgin Trains; of these, 23 have been transferred to CrossCountry with the remaining 21 being retained by Virgin, for use on parts of their West Coast franchise. None of the CrossCountry class 221s now requires tilt since the services were withdrawn from the West Coast Main Line, and their tilting equipment has therefore been disabled to improve reliability and lower cost of maintenance.^[2] The Cross Country Route also has not been cleared for the use of Tilting Trains.

Class 222

Class 222 Meridian

The Class 222 Meridian DEMUs are broadly similar to the original Voyager units, but feature a number of reliability improvements and different internal layout.

The Class 222 was built in the light of experience gained with the 220 and 221 units; in particular, many more components were installed under the floor so as to increase space for passengers. A total of 27 sets were constructed initially:

• Midland Mainline originally ordered 23 sets, which it named as Meridians, to enter service in 2004, replacing Turbostar trains which it had previously used. On entry into service, Midland Mainline received a mix of four- and nine-car units, later re-formed into a combination of four-, five- and eight-car units. All Midland Mainline's units were transferred to the new franchise holder East Midlands Trains (EMT) in November 2007. When EMT took over the franchise, it removed a car from six of its eight-car sets, to lengthen previously four-car units. The last remaining eight-car unit was reduced to five cars. As of 2009, seventeen sets were five-car formations used for stopping services to and from London.

• First Hull Trains obtained four 4-car Class 222 units in 2005 and named them Pioneers. These were to replace the Turbostars that had provided Hull Trains' initial services. These units are slightly different internally from the Meridian trains. Following a maintenance incident and the long-term unavailability of one unit, First Hull Trains replaced its Class 222 fleet with a fleet of Class 180 Adelantes in 2009. The Class 222 units have been transferred to EMT for use with the rest of the Class 222 fleet. These Pioneers are now known as Meridians.

Technical problems and criticism

• The class 220s and 221s have been criticised for being cramped, as they are designed to be able to be converted to tilting operation (and many Class 221 units have this feature) - the trains are more cramped because when tilting they must not come into contact with other trains.
• Due to the fact that there is one diesel engine per car, there is increased underfloor noise and vibration.
• There is very little space to store heavy luggage or bicycles. Although CrossCountry has now removed the shops from its trains to increase capacity, the bicycle compartment can now only store 3 instead of the original 4 bicycles.
• Units of classes 220 and 221 have been stopped in the past when waves broke the sea wall in Dawlish, a seaside town in South Devon.
• The trains are relatively shorter than the trains they replaced, resulting in reduced capacity.
• Due to the trains being shorter than the trains they were intended to be replaced, most seating in Standard Class is in airline configuration, with fold-down tables, which, while fine for small laptops and netbooks, are too small to use a large laptop on.

Accidents and incidents

• In 2006 a class 222 unit had to be taken out of service due to a door opening in Northamptonshire on a London-Sheffield service, while the train was at speed.
• In April 2012 a class 222 unit had an engine fire at Nottingham. The fire was caused by a build up of grease which was heated by the movement of the train's wheels, causing the engine to overheat.
• Class 220 units have their hot brake resistors on the roofs of the trains. A fire broke out at Banbury in 2008, as the result of a bird caught under one of them, causing the brakes to overheat. The fire brigade were called, and there were calls for the train to be taken out of service, despite damage to the train not being serious.

Proposed conversion to electrical operation

In 2010 Bombardier proposed the conversion of several Voyager multiple units into hybrid diesel and electric vehicles capable of taking power from an overhead pantograph (electro-diesels EDMUs). The proposal was named Project Thor.^[3]

In October 2010 it was speculated that 123 additional pantograph vehicles would be manufactured at Bombardier Transportation's Derby plant, and 21 trainsets converted, at a cost of approximately £300million,^[4] however in 2011 the plant did not have the facilities to manufacture steel carriages,^[5] though it was expected that much of the work would take place in the UK, and provide work for the Derby plant.^[6] In December 2011 a proposal to electrify 30-35 trainsets for the CrossCountry franchise, referred to as "eVoyager", was under consideration by the Department of Transport.^[7]

References