Bolesław of Toszek

Bolesław of Toszek (Polish: Bolesław toszecki, Hungarian: Piast Boleszláv, Piast Boleszló; 1276/78 – 17 January 1329), was a Duke of Toszek since 1303 until his death (from 1315 only formally) and Archbishop of Esztergom from 1321.

He was the oldest son of Duke Casimir of Bytom by his wife Helena.

Life

Bolesław was designed by the father to the Church career, despite the fact that he was the eldest son. Already 1294 he was appointed Scholastic of Kraków, and three years later (in 1297), obtain the title of Canon of the Chapter of Wrocław. Despite his church career, in 1303 Bolesław received from his father the town of Toszek years duchy, which formally remained under his rule until his death (although the real government of that land, after Bolesław's departure to Hungary, was performed by his younger brother Władysław).

Around 1315 Bolesław, at the request of his sister, Queen Maria of Hungary, moved to the court of his brother-in-law King Charles I Robert in Buda; however, his career in the Hungarian hierarchy only began thanks to the efforts of Queen Elizabeth, Charles I's third and last wife (Queen Maria died in 1317). At the end of 1320, Bolesław went to the Kraków court, and at the beginning of the next year (1321) the King Charles I gave him the most important and powerful position of the Hungarian church: the Archbishopric of Esztergom.

During the first six years of his rule as Archbishop (1321-1326), Bolesław had to fight against extreme Franciscan faction, who at that time were considered too radical by Pope John XXII, trying to maintain their jurisdiction over Spisz, disputed by the Bishopric of Kraków (this conflict was only resolved after Bolesław's death in 1332). One of the greatest success of Bolesław during his rule was the normalization of the diplomatic relations between Hungary and Venice. These countries (who had a long-lasting dispute over the Adriatic coast), finally entered into an agreement after the Archbishop's mediation: the rich cities of Dalmatia (who included Zadar and Split) were placed under Hungarian rule.

At the end of his life, Bolesław fought for the approval of the election of his youngest brother Mieszko as Bishop of Nitra. The local chapter was complete against the nepotism, but at the end, thanks to support of King Charles and Queen Elisabeth, the Archbishop obtain his purpose: in 1328 Mieszko was formally invested as Bishop.

Bolesław died by 17 January 1329 and was buried in the cathedral in Esztergom. The Duchy of Toszek was then officially merged to Bytom by Duke Władysław.

References

This article incorporates information from the revision as of 13 May 2009 of the equivalent article on the Polish Wikipedia.