Blind loop syndrome

Blind loop syndrome, also known as Stagnant loop syndrome, is a medical condition that occurs when the intestine is obstructed, slowing or stopping the progress of digested food, and thus facilitating the growth of bacteria to the point that problems in nutrient absorption occur.

Pathology

The obstruction of a section of intestine causes ineffective bile salt mediated digestion of fats, causing fatty stools and poor absorption of fat and fat-soluble vitamins including vitamins A,D,E and K. Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency may occur because the increased bacterial population can consume the vitamin.

Causes

Blind loop syndrome is a complication of surgical operations of the abdomen, as well as inflammatory bowel disease or scleroderma. Another cause is jejunoileal diverticula^[1]

Symptoms

• Loss of appetite
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Fullness after a meal
• Fatty stools
• Unintentional weight loss
• Generalised weakness

Signs and tests

A physical examination may reveal a mass or distention of the abdomen.

Tests which may be useful for diagnosis include:

• Abdominal x-ray
• Abdominal CT scan
• Contrast enema study

Treatment

The initial treatment generally involves antibiotics for the bacterial overgrowth, along with vitamin B₁₂ supplementation. If antibiotics are not successful, surgical correction of the obstruction to allow better flow of food through the intestine may be considered.

References