Blepharochalasis

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Blepharochalasis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	H 02.3
ICD-9	374.34

Blepharochalasis is an inflammation of the eyelid that is characterized by exacerbations and remissions of eyelid edema, which results in a stretching and subsequent atrophy of the eyelid tissue resulting in redundant folds over the lid margins. It typically affects only the upper eyelids, and may be unilateral as well as bilateral.^[1]

Pathophysiology

Blepharochalasis results from recurrent bouts of painless eyelid swelling, each lasting for several days. This is thought to be a form of localized angioedema, or rapid accumulation of fluid in the tissues. Recurrent episodes lead to thin and atrophic skin. Damage to the levator palpebrae superioris muscle causes ptosis, or drooping of the eyelid, when the muscle can no longer hold the eyelid up.

Causes

Blepharochalasis is idiopathic in most cases, i.e., the cause is unknown. Systemic conditions linked to blepharochalasis are renal agenesis, vertebral abnormalities, and congenital heart disease.

Epidemiology

It is encountered more commonly in younger rather than older individuals.

Complications

Complications of blepharochalasis may include conjunctival hyperemia (excessive blood flow through the moist tissues of the orbit), chemosis, entropion, ectropion, and ptosis.

Differential diagnosis

Dermatochalasis is sometimes confused with blepharochalasis, but these are two different conditions.

Treatment/Surgery

A surgeon trained to do eyelid surgery, such as a plastic surgeon or ophthalmologist, is required to decide and perform the appropriate surgical procedure. Following procedures have been described for blepharochalasis:

External levator aponeurosis tuck
Blepharoplasty
Lateral canthoplasty
Dermis fat grafts

These are used to correct atrophic blepharochalasis after the syndrome has run its course.

References

↑ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders. Page 515. ISBN 0-7216-2921-0.

External links

Eye disease – pathology of the eye (H00–H59, 360–379)

Adnexa

Eyelid	inflammation Stye Chalazion Blepharitis Entropion Ectropion Lagophthalmos Blepharochalasis Ptosis Blepharophimosis Xanthelasma eyelash Trichiasis Madarosis

Lacrimal apparatus	Dacryoadenitis Epiphora Dacryocystitis Xerophthalmia

Orbit	Exophthalmos Enophthalmos Orbital cellulitis Orbital lymphoma Periorbital cellulitis

Conjunctiva	Conjunctivitis Allergic conjunctivitis Pterygium Pinguecula Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Globe

Fibrous tunic

Sclera	Scleritis Episcleritis

Cornea	Keratitis Herpetic keratitis Acanthamoeba keratitis Fungal keratitis Corneal ulcer Photokeratitis Thygeson's superficial punctate keratopathy Corneal dystrophy Fuchs' Meesmann Keratoconus Pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) Keratoglobus Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Keratoconjunctivitis Corneal neovascularization Kayser-Fleischer ring Arcus senilis Band keratopathy

Vascular tunic

Iris and ciliary body	Uveitis Intermediate uveitis Hyphema Rubeosis iridis Persistent pupillary membrane Iridodialysis Synechia

Choroid	Choroideremia Choroiditis Chorioretinitis

Lens

Retina

Other

Pathways

Optic nerve and
optic disc

Ocular muscles,
binocular movement,
accommodation

Paralytic strabismus	Ophthalmoparesis Progressive external ophthalmoplegia Palsy III IV VI Kearns-Sayre syndrome

Other strabismus	Esotropia/Exotropia Hypertropia Heterophoria Esophoria Exophoria Cyclotropia Brown's syndrome Duane syndrome

Other binocular	Conjugate gaze palsy Convergence insufficiency Internuclear ophthalmoplegia One and a half syndrome

Refraction

Visual disturbances
and blindness

Pupil

Other

Nystagmus

Eye infections

M: EYE

anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot

noco/cong/tumr, epon

proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)

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