Blackdown, West Sussex

Blackdown
View of Blackdown, painted by Helen Allingham, 1902
Elevation	280 m (919 ft)
Prominence	191 m (627 ft)
Parent peak	Leith Hill
Listing	Marilyn, County Top
Location
Blackdown Blackdown in West Sussex
Location	Western Weald, South Downs National Park
OS grid	SU919296
Coordinates	51°03′30″N 0°41′24″W / 51.0584°N 0.69006°W / 51.0584; -0.69006Coordinates: 51°03′30″N 0°41′24″W / 51.0584°N 0.69006°W / 51.0584; -0.69006
Topo map	OS Landranger 197

Blackdown, or Black Down, is the highest hill in the historic county of Sussex, at 280 metres (919 feet), and is second only to Leith Hill (294 metres, 965 feet) in southeastern England.

It is also the highest point in the South Downs National Park. The pine and heather-covered slopes are owned by the National Trust, and are a favourite walking spot. Blackdown has strong literary associations with the poet Alfred, Lord Tennyson.

Location

The great black mass of Blackdown looms over much of the Low Weald of west Sussex and south-west Surrey. Geologically part of the Greensand Ridge and lying on the western margins of the Weald, Blackdown nevertheless lies within the South Downs National Park. It is situated about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) south of Haslemere, and its northern slopes in fact lie within the county of Surrey. There are no villages on Blackdown, but Fernhurst is just to the southwest, and Lurgashall to the southeast.

There are National Trust car parks on Tennyson's Lane, which runs up Haste Hill from Haslemere, and a footpath from the town centre. It is also possible to walk to Blackdown from Lurgashall, although this means walking up the steep southern escarpment. Blackdown is crossed by the Sussex Border Path and The Serpent Trail.

The secluded sunken lane that runs from Haslemere past Aldworth is named Tennyson's Lane in memory of the poet. It is little changed from Arthur Paterson's description in 1905:

Trees meet overhead, copsewood surrounds it, and later, it is hedged by high sandy banks thickly overgrown with plant and scrub; squirrels and rabbits, and all other small woodland creatures, disport themselves over it. It twists and turns, and to the stranger appears to lead nowhere in particular.

Natural history

The acid sandstone of Blackdown limits the range of plants. Until the beginning of the 20th century, Blackdown was a grazed common where trees were kept down by sheep, and heather dominated. After the end of regular grazing Scots Pine became the dominant species. The National Trust now carries out a programme of tree-felling and controlled burning to maintain and regenerate areas of open heath. The reserve has been fenced so that conservation grazing with cattle can be used as a management tool. Blackdown is an important habitat for insects and birds.

A geological relief model of Blackdown, and much information on its natural history, can be found in the Haslemere Educational Museum.

History

Although common land, Blackdown was the property of various landowners until W. E. Hunter donated it to the National Trust in 1948, as a memorial to his wife. The Hunters are remembered by an inscribed stone seat at the Temple of the Winds. Flint artefacts show there has been settlement on Blackdown since the mesolithic period, around 6000BC. The name of an ancient track, pen-y-bos, indicates links with the Celtic world long since lost in more accessible parts of south-east England.^{[citation needed]} (The name "pen-y-bos" comes from the Brythonic language of the ancient Britons that lived in the area - rather like the well-known pen-y-ghent in Yorkshire.) Blackdown is managed by the National Trust, with guidance and financial assistance from the Blackdown Committee of the National Trust.

As well as Aldworth House (just visible from the footpath leading down to Roundhurst) and Foxholes (which together formed the estate of Alfred Lord Tennyson), a number of other interesting private houses will be passed by walkers. These include Blackdown House, to the west, surrounded by daffodils in the spring, and Old Manor Farm (previously Upper Roundhurst Farm) on Tennyson's Lane.

Because of its elevation, from 1796 to 1816 Blackdown hosted a station in the shutter telegraph chain which connected the Admiralty in London to its naval ships in Portsmouth.

Lord Tennyson

Aside from its height and its wild beauty, Blackdown is best known as the site of the poet's house, Aldworth. Keen to escape the summer 'trippers' who came to his Isle of Wight home, Faringford, Tennyson purchased Blackdown, and built Aldworth in 1869. The French-style Gothic house was designed by Sir James Knowles and is built of local sandstone. It stands on a ridge overlooking the Weald, with magnificent views. Lord Tennyson used Aldworth as his summer residence, taking long walks over Blackdown. He died in the house on 6 October 1892.

Helen Allingham was a frequent visitor to Aldworth in Tennyson's time, and her charming illustrations to The homes of Tennyson vividly capture the landscape of Blackdown.

Attractions

Despite some air noise from (high) planes climbing westwards from Gatwick, Blackdown is an exceptionally tranquil, wild and beautiful place. There are superb views over the Weald from the Temple of the Winds, at the southern end of Blackdown. This has one on the two topographs erected on the hill. The English Channel can be seen on a clear day through the River Arun gap in the South Downs. The dry, sandy paths of Blackdown are ideal for children. In the autumn, bilberries and blackberries can be picked.

Blackdown air crash

On Saturday, 4 November 1967, a Caravelle Airliner No. EC-BDD, owned by Iberia Airlines of Spain, crashed; the aircraft was on a scheduled flight from Malaga to Heathrow Airport, and was piloted by Captain Hernando Maura. It broke through a large hedge; parts of the aircraft fell off destroying a garage, and damaging parts of the roof of Upper Black Down House as the aircraft disintegrated. The victims were the all-Spanish crew, and the passengers comprising 25 British, mostly returning from holiday in Spain, 2 Americans, 2 Spaniards and 2 Australians. The British actress June Thorburn who was pregnant was amongst the passengers.

References

• Paterson, Arthur and Helen Allingham (1905). The homes of Tennyson. London: A&C Black. 
• Blackdown Committee, National Trust (n.d. (1980s)). Blackdown and Marley Common. 

Further reading

• Trotter, Wilfred Robert (2003). The hilltop writers (Second edition ed.). Grayshott: John Owen Smith. ISBN 1-873855-31-1.  Well-written book on the many writers (including Tennyson) who settled around Haslemere after the coming of the railway in 1859.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Blackdown, West Sussex.

• "Walk #609: Haslemere to Liphook". British walks. Retrieved January 7, 2006. 
• National Trust: Black Down, Marley Common & Hunter Basecamp
• Haslemere Educational Museum
• Fernhurst Society Blackdown Air Crash
• Iberia crash record at the Aviation Safety Network
• Iberia crash record at airdisaster.com

Next station upwards	Admiralty Shutter telegraph line 1795	Next station downwards
Hascombe	Blackdown, West Sussex	Beacon Hill