Biu–Mandara languages

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Biu–Mandara
Central Chadic
Geographic distribution:	Nigeria, Chad, Cameroon
Linguistic classification:	Afro-Asiatic Chadic Biu–Mandara
Subdivisions:	Tera Bura–Higi Wandala–Mafa Daba Bata (Gbwata) Mandage (Kotoko) Yedina East–Central
Central Chadic per Newman (1977)

The Biu–Mandara or Central Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon.^[1] The most widely spoken is Kamwe, with 300,000 speakers.

Languages

The branches of Biu–Mandara go either by names or by letters and numbers in an outline format.^[2]

Tera (A.1): Tera, Pidlimdi (Hinna), Jara, Ga'anda, Gabin, Boga, Ngwaba, Hwana
Bura–Higi
- Bura (A.2): Bura-Pabir (Bura), Cibak (Kyibaku), Nggwahyi, Huba (Kilba), Putai (Marghi West), Marghi Central (Margi, Margi Babal), Marghi South
- ? Kofa
- Higi (A.3): Kamwə (Psikyɛ, Higi), Bana, Hya, ? Kirya-Konzəl
Wandala–Mafa
- Wandala (Mandara) (A.4)
  - East: Wandala (Mura, Mandara, Malgwa), Glavda (Gəlvaxdaxa)
  - Parəkwa (Podoko)
  - West: Gəvoko, Guduf-Gava (Cineni), Dghweɗe, Hdi (Xədi, Hedi, Tur), Lamang, Woga, Vemgo, Mabas
  - Sukur (Sakwun, A.6)
- Mafa (A.5)
  - Northeast Mafa: Vame (Pəlasla), Mbuko, Gaduwa
  - Matal (Muktele)
  - South Mafa
    - (a) Wuzlam (Ouldémé), Muyang, Maɗa, Məlokwo
    - (b) Zəlgwa-Minew, Gemzek, Ɗugwor, Mikere, Merey
    - (c) North Giziga, South Giziga, North Mofu, Mofu-Gudur (South Mofu), Baldemu (Mbazlam)
    - (d) Cuvok, Mafa, Mefele, Shügule
Daba (A.7)
- North Daba: Buwal (Gadala), Gavar (Kortchi)
- South Daba: Mina (Besleri, Hina), Daba (Mazagway), Mbədam
Bata (Gbwata) (A.8): Bacama, Bata (Gbwata), Sharwa, Tsuvan, Gude, Fali of Mubi, Zizilivakan (Ulan Mazhilvən, Fali of Jilbu), Jimi (Jimjimən), Gudu, Holma (†), Nzanyi
Mandage (Kotoko) (B.1)
- South Mandage: Msər (Kousseri), Lagwan (Logone)
- ? Jilbe
- North Mandage: Afaɗə, Maslam, Malgbe (Gulfey), Mpadə
Buduma (Yedina)
East–Central
- Gidar (Kaɗa)
- Munjuk (B.2): Mbara, Muskum (Muzuk) (†), Mpus, Beege (Jafga), Vulum (Mulwi)
- Mida'a (<B.1): Jina, Majəra

Notes

↑ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
↑ Blench, 2006. The Afro-Asiatic Languages: Classification and Reference List (ms)

References

Central Chadic resources at africanlanguages.org

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