Bismuth(III) iodide
| Bismuth(III) iodide | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
 | |
| IUPAC name Bismuth(III) iodide | |
| Other names Bismuth iodide, bismuth triiodide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 7787-64-6 |
| PubChem | 24860889 |
| ChemSpider | 21172753 |
| Jmol-3D images | {{#if:[I-].[I-].[I-].[BiH3+3]|Image 1 |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | BiI3 |
| Molar mass | 589.69 g/mol |
| Appearance | greenish-black crystals |
| Density | 5.778 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 408.6 °C, 681.8 K |
| Boiling point | 542 °C, 815 K[1] |
| Solubility in water | 0.7761 mg/100 mL (20 °C) |
| Solubility | 50 g/100 mL ethanol 50 g/100 mL 2M hydrochloric acid |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | Trigonal, hR24 |
| Space group | R-3, No. 148 |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Corrosive (C) |
| R-phrases | R34 |
| S-phrases | S26, S27, S36/37/39, S45[2] |
| NFPA 704 |
 0
2
1
|
| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Bismuth(III) fluoride Bismuth(III) chloride Bismuth(III) bromide |
| Other cations | Nitrogen triiodide Phosphorus triiodide Antimony triiodide |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa) | |
| Infobox references | |
Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black solid is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis. [3] [4]
Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres occupying either none or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer), therefore it is said to occupy one third of the total octahedral holes. [5] [6]
Synthesis
Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:[7]
- 2Bi + 3I2 → 2BiI3
BiI3 can also be made by the reaction of bismuth oxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid:[8]
- Bi2O3(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s) + 3H2O(l)
Reactions
Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi3+ ions by adding a source of iodide such as potassium iodide. A black precipitate of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.[9]
Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when heated with halide donors:[10]
- 2 NaI + BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]
References
- ↑ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, p. 95, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, retrieved 2008-06-03
- ↑ "341010 Bismuth(III) iodide 99%". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2008-06-19.
- ↑ "Bismuth iodide", McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, McGraw-Hill, 2003, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ↑ Turner, Jr., Francis M.; Berolzheimer, Daniel D.; Cutter, William P.; Helfrich, John (1920), The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, New York: Chemical Catalog Company, p. 107, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ↑ Smart, Lesley; Moore, Elaine A. (2005), Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction, CRC Press, p. 40, ISBN 0-7487-7516-1, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ↑ Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002), Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry, CRC Press, pp. 122–6, ISBN 0-7487-6420-8, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ↑ Erdmann, Hugo; Dunlap, Frederick Leavy (1900), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, New York: John Wiley & Sons, p. 76, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ↑ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 559. ISBN 0080379419.
- ↑ Bruno, Thomas J.; Svoronos, Paris D. N. (2003), Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis, CRC Press, p. 549, ISBN 0-8493-1573-5, retrieved 2008-06-19
- ↑ Norman, Nicholas C. (1998), Chemistry of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth, Springer, pp. 168–70, ISBN 0-7514-0389-X, retrieved 2008-06-19
| ||||||||||