Birman

Birman
A sealpoint Birman's face
Alternative names	Sacred Birman, Sacred Cat Of Burma
Origin	France
Breed standards
TICA	standard
FIFe	standard
CFA	standard
ACF	standard
CCA	standard
ACFA/CAA	standard
Domestic cat (Felis catus)

The Birman, also called the "Sacred Cat of Burma",^[1] is a domestic cat breed. It should not be confused with the Burmese, which is a dissimilar breed. The Birman has medium-long hair, a pale colored body with darker points and deep blue eyes. Even though the cat is pointed, the paws have white gloves.

Birmanie is the French spelling of Burma. The Birman breed was first recognized in France by the Cat Club de France in 1925, then in England by the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy^[2] (GCCF) in 1966 and in United States by the Cat Fanciers' Association^[1] (CFA) in 1967. It is also recognized by the Canadian Cat Association (CCA), and by The International Cat Association^[3] (TICA) in 1979.

History

There is no clear record of the origin of Birmans, but one unsourced but oft repeated legend is that the Birman cat originated in Burma where they were kept by temple priests in Northern Burma in the Mount of Lugh.^[1] This is repeated as ...Auguste Pavie and Major Gordon Russell, a British officer (reportedly fictitious^[4]), received a pair of temple cats from the Temple of Lao-Tsun (The Abode of the Gods ), situated East of Lake Incaougji (Indawgyi Lake), between Magaoung (Mogaung) and Sembo (Shwebo). This legend is attributed to the writings of Mme Marcelle Adam (novelist and president of the Federation Feline Française and owner of Maldapour Birman Cattery) and first published by Dr. François Méry in the French Review Minerva.^{[citation needed]} There are many colorful stories of how the cats first came to France, including pairs of cats being a reward for helping defend a temple, or being smuggled out of Burma by a Vanderbilt.^[1][5] There is also a story that a couple of stolen birmans (or a pregnant female called Poupée de Maldapour) were imported to France by Thadde Haddisch.^[6]

The first traces of historical Birmans go back to a Mme Leotardi^[7] in the city of Nice in France.

Birmans were almost wiped out as a breed during World War II. Only two cats were alive in Europe at the end of the war, a pair named Orloff and Xenia de Kaabaa, both belonging to Baudoin-Crevoisier. The foundation of the breed in postwar France were offspring of this pair. They had to be heavily outcrossed with long-hair breeds such as Persian and Siamese to rebuild the Birman breed. By the early 1950s, pure Birman litters were once again being produced. The restored breed was recognized in Britain in 1965 and by the CFA in 1966.^{[citation needed]}

The first Birman cats were seal-point. The Blue-point color was introduced in 1959 using Blue Persian lines. New colors were added by the work of English Breeders in the 1970-1980 including chocolate, red-point, and the tabby/lynx version.^{[citation needed]} A Birman was also used to create new breeds like the Ragdoll cat in California.^{[citation needed]}

Appearance

Birmans have a medium size rectangular body. Their ears, which are as wide on the base as they are tall, should be set as much on top of the head as on the side and they have a distinct roman nose. The Birman's body color should be color pointed on the extremities with a cast of color across it's body corresponding to the point color. Darker point colors usually have a darker cast across the body. The point colors can be seal, blue, chocolate, lilac, red or cream. Tabby and tortie variations are also allowed. Tortie cats can be seal, chocolate, blue or lilac. The same colors exist in Silver/Smoke version while not yet recognize by all clubs. Australian breeders have been recently working on new colors like: Cinnamon point, fawn point. Birmans have an almost round eye shape with the preferred colour being deep sapphire blue.

The Birman's fur should have a silky texture and they are a single coated breed with NO undercoat at all. Unlike a Persian or Himalayan that has a thick short undercoat with long fur on top, the Birman is truly single coated with only one medium-long silky coat. As a result of this coat, Birmans are known to be non-matting which makes them very easy care. Birmans should have no white on their body with the exception of "gloves" on each paw. The white gloving is produced by the white spotting gene and is restricted to the paws only. A spot of white in another area is considered a fault in a Birman cat. Gloves are symmetrical on all four feet. The white must stop at the articulation or at the transition of toes to metacarpals; and all fingers must be white too. The posterior gloves on the back paws finish with an inverted V extended 1/2 to 3/4 up the hock and ideally should be symetrical.

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  2 1/2 year old Birman Male, blue-point

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  Symmetrical gloves of a Birman, colour blue-point

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  Red point, two year old female Birman

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  Posterior laces of an adult male

Birman kittens

All Birmans are born white (as other colourpoint kittens are) and they start developing their colours at the age of 1 week if they have a dark colour (as seal-point) and at the age of 14 days, or more, if they have a clear colour (as lilac-point). The first part which develops the colour are the points of ears, nose and tail. The real colour is complete at two years old and after a wintry season.

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  Adult female with kittens, points developing

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  7 month old, birman kitten. The markings are clearly visible.

Genetic diversity

The 2008 study The Ascent of Cat Breeds: Genetic Evaluations of Breeds and Worldwide Random-bred Populations by Lipinski et al. conducted at UC Davis by the team led by leading feline geneticist Dr Leslie Lyons found that the Birman has one of the lowest levels of genetic diversity of all the breeds studied.^[8]

Health

The most severe threat is feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the most common heart disease seen in cats, whether pure bred or not. In Birman cats, it is thought to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. HCM is a progressive disease and can result in heart failure, paralysis of the hind legs due to clot embolization originating in the heart, and sudden death. ^[9]

Birman Naming Conventions

Many Birman breeders follow the French tradition of assigning all kittens born in a particular year given names that begin with the same letter of the alphabet. Countries with breeders using this convention include Canada, France, UK, US, Australia, and New Zealand.

Kittens born in 2013 would be K, and in 2014 L, and so on.^[10]

References

1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Cat Fanciers Association Breed Article: The Sacred Cats of Burma Retrieved Apr 16, 2010
2. ↑ Governing Counil of the Cat Fancy
3. ↑ TICA. "The International Cat Association". Retrieved 2007-07-08. 
4. ↑ Petside - caveating Gordon Russell / Russell Gordon
5. ↑ Le Chat. Races - Élevage - Maladies Paris: Vinot Frères ed. 1926, pp.40-41. Dr. Philippe Jumaud
6. ↑ Les races de ChatsSaint Raphaêl: 1930: Ed. des Tablettes, pp.52 Dr. Philippe Jumaud
7. ↑ Interview of Simone Poirier by Gisele Barnay Interview from the book Les Secrets du Chat Sacré de Birmanie ISBN 2-85182-335-3
8. ↑ Lipinski, M. J.; Froenicke, L.; Baysac, K. C.; Billings, N. C.; Leutenegger, C. M.; Levy, A. M.; Longeri, M.; Niini, T.; Ozpinar, H.; Slater, M. R.; Pedersen, N. C.; Lyons, L. A. (2008). "The ascent of cat breeds: Genetic evaluations of breeds and worldwide random-bred populations". Genomics 91 (1): 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.10.009. PMC 2267438. PMID 18060738. 
9. ↑ http://www.birman-health-foundation.com
10. ↑ http://www.breedlist.com/birman-breeders.html

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