Bidhawal

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Map of Victorian Aborigines language territories

The 'Bidhawal (also known as Bidawal and Bidwell) were an Australian Aboriginal tribe of Gippsland, Victoria. According to A. W. Howitt, the Bidhawal were composed of "refugees from tribal justice or individual vengeance" from neighbouring tribes.

Language

The Bidhawal spoke a dialect of the Kurnai language, which was also spoken by the Kurnai tribes to the west. However, the Bidhawal dialect had borrowed a number of words referring to mammals, birds and celestial bodies from Ngarigo, as well as a smaller number of words from Thawa and Dhudhuroa.

The Bidhawal called their own dialect mŭk-dhang ("good speech"), and that of the neighbouring Kurnai gūnggala-dhang. The Kurnai, however, called their own dialect mŭk-dhang, and that of the Bidhawal kwai-dhang ("rough speech").

References

Dixon, R. M. W. (2002). Australian Languages: Their Nature and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-521-47378-0.
Howitt, A. W. (1886). "On the Migrations of the Kurnai Ancestors". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland (The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 15) 15: 419–420. doi:10.2307/2841818. JSTOR 2841818.
Howitt, A. W. (1904). The Native Tribes of South-East Australia. London: Macmillian. pp. 79–81. ISBN 0-85575-275-0.
Mathews, R. H. (Oct–Dec 1907). "Language of the Birdhawal Tribe, in Gippsland, Victoria". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 46 (187): 346–359.

v t e Victorian Aborigines

People	Barapa Barapa Bidhawal Bungandid Bunurong Djab Wurrung Djargurd Wurrung Gadubanud Girai wurrung Gulidjan people Gunai / Kurnai Gunditjmara people Jardwadjali Jarijari Koori Kulin Ngarigo Taungurong Wathaurong Wemba-Wemba Wergaia Wurundjeri Yalukit Yorta Yorta

Communities	Coranderrk Deen Maar Indigenous Protected Area Ebenezer Mission Framlingham Lake Boga mission

Registered Aboriginal Parties / Land councils	Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Corporation Dja Dja Wurrung Clans Aboriginal Corporation Gunaikurnai Land and Waters Aboriginal Corporation Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Corporation Martang Party Ltd Taungurung Clans Aboriginal Corporation Wathaurung Aboriginal Corporation Wurundjeri Tribe Land and Compensation Cultural Heritage Council Yorta Yorta Nation Aboriginal Corporations

Sites	Bend Road Box Gulley Carisbrook stone arrangement Chiltern-Mount Pilot National Park Cloggs Cave Grampians National Park Keilor Kow Swamp Lake Bolac stone arrangement Mount William stone axe quarry New Guinea II cave Sunbury earth rings Tarragal Caves Wurdi Youang See also: Victorian Aboriginal Heritage Register · Victoria Archaeological Survey

State organizations	Heritage Victoria Minister for Aboriginal Affairs

Legislation	Aboriginal Heritage Act 2006 (Victoria) Aboriginal Protection Act 1869 Half-Caste Act Laws concerning Indigenous Australians Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 Victorian Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities See also Yorta Yorta v Victoria · Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagulk Peoples v Victoria

History	Batman's Treaty Battle of Yering Blood Hole massacre Campaspe Plains massacre Convincing Ground massacre Coranderrk Gippsland massacres Mudgegonga rock shelter Munangabum Murdering Gully massacre Victorian Aborigines

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