Bidental consonant

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Tongue shape
Places of articulation
Labial Bilabial Labial–velar Labial–coronal Labiodental Dentolabial Bidental Coronal Linguolabial Interdental Dental Denti-alveolar Alveolar Postalveolar Palato-alveolar Retroflex Dorsal Postalveolar Alveolo-palatal Palatal Labial–palatal Velar Uvular Uvular–epiglottal Radical Pharyngeal Epiglotto-pharyngeal Epiglottal Glottal Peripheral
Apical Laminal Subapical Lateral Sulcal Palatal Pharyngeal
v t e

Bidental consonants are consonants pronounced with both the lower and upper teeth. They are normally found only in speech pathology. The Extensions to the IPA symbol is both a superscript and a subscript bridge, ⟨ ̪͆ ⟩.

Besides interdental consonants such as [n̪͆], which involve the tongue, there is at least one confirmed attestation of a true bidental consonant in normal language. The Black Sea sub-dialect of the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe has a voiceless bidental non-sibilant fricative where other dialects have [x], such as хы [xə] (help·info) "six" and дахэ [daːxa] (help·info) "pretty". Therefore it might best be transcribed phonemically as ⟨x̪͆⟩. However, there is no frication at the velum. The teeth themselves are the only constriction: "The lips [are] fully open, the teeth clenched and the tongue flat, the air passing between the teeth; the sound is intermediate between [ʃ] and [f]" (L&M 1996:144-145). This can be transcribed phonetically as [h̪͆], since [h] has no place of articulation of its own.

The Extensions to the IPA specify one other purely bidental consonant sound, the bidental percussive.

References

Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.

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