Bevil Grenville

Sir Bevil Grenville, after Van Dyck, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, ref: BATVG:P:1954.2. Another oil-painting exists at Hartland Abbey, Devon

Arms of Grenville: Gules, three clarions or

Left:Original portrait in oil of Sir Bevil Grenville (1596–1643), inscribed: Sr. Bevil Grenvill An(n)o D(omi)ni 1636 aetatis suae 40 ("AD 1636 in the year of his age 40"), collection of Prideaux Place, Padstow, Cornwall. Sir Bevil's daughter married into the Prideaux family^[1] Right: Copy engraving by Robert Cooper, 17th century, National Portrait Gallery, London, NPG D2807

Detail from plaster relief sculpture c. 1643 (see below) from overmantle, no. 8A The Quay, Bideford, Devon. Popularly supposed to depict Sir Bevil Grenville (1596–1643)

plaster relief overmantle c. 1643 from no. 8A The Quay, Bideford, Devon. Popularly supposed to depict Sir Bevil Grenville (1596–1643). On either side of the figure within strapwork surrounds are escutcheons bearing the Grenville arms of Three clarions

Sir Bevil Grenville (1596 – 5 July 1643) was MP for Cornwall 1621–1625 and 1640-42, and for Launceston 1625–1629 and 1640. He was a Royalist soldier in the Civil War and was killed in action in heroic circumstances at the Battle of Lansdowne in 1643.

Early life

Grenville was born near Withiel, west of Bodmin, Cornwall, the son of Sir Bernard Grenville by his wife Elizabeth Bevil, and was a grandson of Sir Richard Grenville (1542–1591), the heroic Elizabethan naval captain, explorer, and soldier. The Grenville family had for centuries been lords of the manors of Stowe in the parish of Kilkhampton in Cornwall, and of Bideford in Devon.^{[citation needed]} He was educated at Exeter College, Oxford.^[2]

Political career

Granville was elected Member of Parliament for Cornwall in 1621 and remained so until 1625.^[3] Under King Charles I he became MP for Launceston in 1625 where he remained until King Charles decided to rule without parliament in 1629.^[4] In parliament, Grenville supported Sir John Eliot and the opposition, and his intimacy with Eliot was lifelong.^[2] In 1639, however, he appeared as a royalist going to the Bishop's War against Scotland in the train of King Charles I. The reason for this change of allegiance is unknown, but Grenville's honour was above suspicion and he must have been convinced that he was doing right. At any rate he was a very valuable recruit to the royalist cause, being "the most generally loved man in Cornwall".^[2] When parliament reassembled for the Short Parliament in April 1640, Grenville was chosen as MP for Launceston again. In November he was re-elected MP for Cornwall for the Long Parliament.^[5] He was disabled in 1642 for supporting the Royalists.^{[citation needed]}

Civil War

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Grenville together with others of the gentry not only proclaimed the king's Commission of Array at Launceston assizes, but also persuaded the grand jury of the county to declare their opponents guilty of riot and unlawful assembly, whereupon the posse comitatus was called out to expel them. Under the command of Sir Ralph Hopton, Sir Bevil took a distinguished part in the Battle of Braddock Down and, at Stratton (16 May 1643), where the parliamentarian Henry Grey, 1st Earl of Stamford was completely routed by the Cornishmen, he led one of the storming parties which captured Chudleigh's lines.^[6] He then led his men on a victorious march through Devon into Somerset.^{[citation needed]}

Death at Lansdowne

Sir Bevil Grenville's Monument, at the place where he died on Lansdowne Hill near Bath.

A month later, the endeavour of Hopton to unite with Prince Maurice and the Marquess of Hertford from Oxford brought on the Battle of Lansdowne (1643), near Bath in Somerset. Here Grenville was killed on 5 July 1643 at the head of the Cornish infantry as it reached the top of Lansdown Hill.^[2] He received a blow to the head with a pole-axe and was taken to the rectory at nearby Cold Ashton where he died.^[7] His death was a blow from which the king's cause in the West never recovered, for he alone knew how to handle the Cornishmen. Hopton they revered and respected but Grenville they loved as peculiarly their own commander and, after his death, there is little more heard of the reckless valour which had won Stratton and Lansdown.^[2]

Family

He married Lady Grace Smythe, daughter of Sir George Smythe, by whom he had fourteen children, one of whom was John Grenville, 1st Earl of Bath (1628–1701). The other children were by Royal Warrant of Precedence granted the rank and title of Earl's children by King Charles II on 20 August 1675, in recognition of their father's services.^[8]

Monuments

Mural monument, Kilkhampton Church

Mural monument to Sir Bevil Grenville in Kilkhampton parish church, Cornwall

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition: "Grenville was the type of all that was best in royalism. He was neither rapacious, drunken nor dissolute, but his loyalty was unselfish, his life pure and his skill no less than his bravery unquestionable." His giant servant Anthony Payne, about whom Alan M. Kent wrote a poem Oogly es Sin: the Lamentable Ballad of Anthony Payne, Cornish Giant,^[9] brought his body back to Kilkhampton.^[10] His Cornish soldiers refused to fight under any other leader and returned home, carrying the body of Sir Bevil. It was buried in a tomb in Kilkhampton Church.^[11]

Sir Bevil Grenville's Monument, Lansdown Hill

Sir Bevil Grenville's Monument was erected in his memory on the field of Lansdown^[2] to commemorate the heroism and that of his Cornish pikemen at the Battle of Lansdown.

See also

• John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, his son
• Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet
• The Gear Rout
• William Scawen

Notes

References

• Barratt, John (2005). The civil war in the south west. Bernsley: Pen & Sword Military. pp. 53–56. ISBN 1-84415-146-8. 
• Delderfield, Eric R. (1968). West Country Historic Houses and their Families:Cornwall, Devon and West Somerset 1. Newton Abbot Newton Abbot: David and Charles. p. 123. 
• Willis, Browne (1750). Notitia Parliamentaria, Part II: A Series or Lists of the Representatives in the several Parliaments held from the Reformation 1541, to the Restoration 1660 .... London. pp. 176, 188, 198, 209, 219, 230, 241. 

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Grenville, Sir Bevil". Encyclopædia Britannica 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 580 

Further reading

•  Firth, C.H. (1890). "Grenville, Bevil". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography 23. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 110–112. 
• Lloyd (1668). Memoirs of Excellent Personages. 
• Gardiner, S. R.. History of the English Civil War: (1642–1644) 1. pp. 80, 81 99 100 160 200–202.  (Gardiner spells Grenville "Sir Bevil Grenvile")
• "Battlefield History Resources".