Bergen raises

In the game of bridge, Bergen raises specify a conventional treatment of raising a major suit opening in a five-card major system.^[1] This convention is named after Marty Bergen, the developer of this treatment first published in April 1982.^[2] When Bergen raises are used, over a 1♥ (1♠) opening the bids of 3♣, 3♦ and 3♥ (3♠) all denote a four (or more) card trump support on hands of variable high card strength:

• 3♣ – weak (typically 7-10 high card points)
• 3♦ – invitational to game (typically 11-12 high card points)
• 3♥/3♠ – very weak (preemptive, typically less than 7 high-card points and four card support)
• 4♥/4♠ – very weak (preemptive, typically less than 7 high-card points and five card support)

Over 3♣ Opener may sign off in trumps, but a bid of 3♦ asks partner to bid 3 of the major with a weaker hand, i.e. 7-8 points, or bid 4 with a stronger hand, i.e. 9-10 points.

Bergen raises are designed to take advantage of the Law of total tricks, which states that with nine trumps one should compete at the three-level regardless of high card strength.

Partnerships which employ Bergen raises, often utilise a Jacoby 2NT response to major suit openings for game-forcing hands with trump support. A direct raise to game is then preemptive on a very shapely hand (often with five card trump support).

Modifications to Bergen responses do exist. One such method (usually called Reverse Bergen) is to reverse the meanings of the two minor suit responses at the three level, thereby creating a system of responses that denote progressively weaker hands on subsequent bids.

Bergen Raises over One-of-a-Major Doubled (BROMAD)

Some partnerships play an extension of Bergen Raises after opener's bid has been doubled. This is called "BROMAD".^[3] There are several schemes, including one which keeps 3♣ and 3♦ (as above) and adds 2♣ and 2♦ with similar meanings, but with only 3 card trump support. Others simply have one raise at each level for 7-10 HCP (with 3 or 4 trumps), and use Jordan 2NT with 4 trumps and 11+ HCP. Bergen himself indicates that different partnerships have different preferences for which suit to use. In all cases, the direct raise shows a 'pre-emptive' 3 card raise, limited to 6 HCP.

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