Namma Metro

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Namma Metro
Background
Owner Government of Karnataka
Locale Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Transit type Metro
Number of lines 1 (Now)
2 (Phase I - March 2015)[1]
4 (Phase II - March 2018)
Number of stations 6 (Now)
40 (Phase I - March 2015)[1]
61 (Phase II - March 2018)[2]
Daily ridership 24,968[3]
Chief executive Pradeep Singh Kharola, MD
Headquarters BMTC Complex, Shanthinagar, Bangalore
Website bmrc.co.in
Operation
Began operation 20 October 2011 (2011-10-20)
Operator(s) Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd. (BMRCL)
Train length 3 coaches
Headway 10 – 15 minutes
Technical
System length 42.3 kilometres (26.3 mi) (Phase I)[1]
114.39 kilometres (71.08 mi) (Phase II)
No. of tracks 2
Track gauge 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification Third rail 750V DC
Average speed 32 km/h (20 mph)
Top speed 80 km/h (50 mph)

Namma Metro (Kannada: ನಮ್ಮ ಮೆಟ್ರೋ, lit. "Our Metro") also known as Bangalore Metro, is a metro system for the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India. The agency responsible for its implementation is the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL), a joint venture of the Government of India and the Government of Karnataka.[4] The first stretch between Baiyyappanahalli and M.G. Road was inaugurated on 20 October 2011.[5]

History

Background

A mass transit system for Bangalore was initially conceived as a public-private partnership (PPP) in 1993.[6] The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase I of Namma Metro project was prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) and submitted to the BMRCL in May 2003. The final approval on a scheme that incorporated the expertise of DMRC and RITES Limited did not come until April 2006.[7] The DPR prepared by DMRC envisaged a 33 km (21 mi) elevated and underground rail network with 32 stations for Phase I of the project. The proposed gauge was standard gauge unlike the broad gauge on the Delhi Metro network. The rationale for the metro includes reduced journey times, cutting fuel use, accident reduction and lower pollution.[citation needed]

But, the recent studies have found that broad-gauge is suited for Indian conditions as well as long term economical feasibility as India has growing population. Indian metro trains with standard gauge does not provide seating facility and favoured towards standing travel. Ahmadabad Metro has chosen driverless technology and broad gauge as it provides comfort to the passengers[8]. Bangalore metro has not migrated from standard gauge to broad gauge for new lines in the Phase-2 or Phase-3 of the project. BMRC has also not shown interest towards introducing Maglev trains in the new lines.[9]

Construction work for Phase I of the project was scheduled to start in 2005 but was delayed by a February 2006 change of government in Karnataka and continued debate over whether the project was financially feasible and appropriate for the city. Finally, on 25 April 2006 the Indian Cabinet approved the project, which was then budgeted at more than INR54 billion (US$860 million) (Later revised to INR116.09 billion (US$1.9 billion) for Phase I).[10] In 2006, Navayuga Engineering was awarded the contract to construct Reach 1 of the East-West corridor.[11] The foundation stone for the Phase I construction was laid by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 24 June 2006,[12] and civil construction on Reach I of the line, between M.G. Road and Baiyyappanahalli, commenced on 15 April 2007.[13]

Construction

Phase I

Phase I spans a length of 42.3 km and consists of 2 lines:[14] Implementation of Phase I has been divided into 4 "reaches" and 2 underground sections. It will be opened for service from March 2015. The schedule for completion of Phase I is as follows:[15]

Phase one of Namma Metro (under construction)
Reach Terminals Opening date
Reach-1 (east) Baiyyappanahalli M.G. Road 20 October 2011
Reach-2 (west) Mysore Road Magadi Road March 2015[16]
Underground UG2 (east to west) M.G. Road Magadi Road March 2015[16]
Reach-3 (north) Sampige Road Yeshwanthapura July 2014
Reach-3A (north) Yeshwanthapura Peenya Industrial Area July 2014[17]
Reach-3B (north) Peenya Industrial Area Nagasandra December 2014
Underground UG1 (north to south) Sampige Road National College December 2014[16]
Reach-4 (south) National College R.V. Road December 2014
Reach-4A (south) R.V. Road Puttenahalli March 2015

In 2007, BMRCL announced that it would incorporate a northern extension (from Yeshwanthapura to Hesaraghatta Cross) and part of the southern extension (from RV Road to Puttenahalli) in Phase I, thus extending the length of Phase I network to about 42 km (26 mi), with 40 stations. The objective of this was to connect the metro to the Outer Ring Road at both ends, and also cover the industrial areas of Peenya in the north-west, thereby providing better connectivity and increasing ridership.[citation needed] In October 2008, the Government of Karnataka approved this extension, which would cost an additional INR15.92 billion (US$250 million).[18]

Line Elevated Length (km) Underground Length (km) Total Length (km) Stations
Purple Line 13.22 4.88 18.10 17
Green Line 20.20 4 24.20 24
Total 33.42 8.88 42.30 41

The Green Line (Reach 3, 3A & 3B) was initially scheduled to be thrown open to the public by the end of 2012. However, according to the BMRCL, because of the time taken by the Indian Railways to approve to works at Swastik Station and Malleswaram 66-metre metro viaduct, the Green Line was expected to open only in April–May 2013. Although Reach 3A may be completed earlier, operations on it cannot commence without the depot in Peenya.[19] The remaining elevated sections of Purple Line (Reach 2) and Green Line (Reach 4) were scheduled to be completed by December 2012 and December 2013 respectively.[16] The Metro Reach 3, 3A are expected to be inaugurated in early 2014.

The underground work commenced in May 2011. Each corridor consists of two tunnels which are the first underground tunnels built for trains in South India. The tunnels, dug using tunnel boring machines (TBM), are located approximately 60 feet below ground level, have a diameter of 5.5metres and are 5metres apart. Three TBMs were used for tunnelling work on the Purple Line and they were nicknamed Helen (TBM 1), Margarita (TBM 2), Kaveri (TBM 3) and Krishna.[20][21][22][23][24] [25]

As of January 2013, progress on the underground connection between Reach-1 and Reach-2 has put on hold. A statue of Dalit leader Ambedkar has caused controversy, as it stands above the planned metro rail line near Bangalore's Vidhan Soudha. Dalit groups have opposed shifting of the statue, while the government has sought to avoid controversy by not following court orders to temporarily shift the statue while construction continues. The controversy has delayed the project by six months and could cause delays to the north-south reaches which plan to use the Majestic interchange.[26][27]

Phase II

The detailed project report (DPR) for Phase II was prepared by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.[28] The high power committee (HPC), in July 2011, gave in-principle clearance to proceed with Phase II.[29] The Karnataka government gave in-principle approval to Phase II of the Namma Metro project on 3 January 2012.[30][31] Phase II was cleared by the expenditure finance committee (EFC) in August 2013.[32]The Union cabinet announced that it has approved plans for phase II on January 30 2014. [33]The estimated total cost for Phase II is around INR264051.4 million (US$4.2 billion).[34] Phase II covers a span of 72.095 km – 13.79 km underground, 0.48 km at grade and 57.825 km elevated, and adds 61 stations to the network, of which 12 are underground.[35] Construction of the second phase will be taken up in 2014 after completing the first phase and it will be opened for service by 2017 - 2018.[36]

Phase II consists of extensions of all four reaches of the metro and 2 new lines.

New Lines

The RV Road to Bommasandra line, on the outskirts of the city, will have 16 stations—RV Road, Ragigudda temple, Jayadeva Hospital, BTM Layout, Silk Board Junction, HSR Layout, Oxford College, Muneshwara Block, Chikkabegur, Basapura Road, Hosur Road, Electronic City-1, Electronic City-2, Huskur Road, Hebbagodi and Bommasandra. The cost of this route is pegged at INR57.44 billion (US$920 million).

The one between Gottigere-IIM-B and Nagavara will have 18 stations with six elevated and 12 underground stations. The elevated stations include Gottigere, Hulimavu, IIM-B, JP Nagar 4th Phase, Jayadeva Hospital and Swagath Road Cross. The 12 underground stations will be constructed near Dairy Circle, Mico Bosch, Langford Town, Vellara Junction, MG Road, Shivajinagar, Cantonment railway station, Pottery Town, Tannery Road, Venkateshpura, Arabic College and Nagavara. The estimated cost of this corridor is INR110.14 billion (US$1.8 billion).

Extensions

Byappanahalli to Whitefield (extension of east-west line). This corridor has 14 stations—Jyothipuram, KR Puram, Narayanapura, Mahadevapura, Garudacharpalya, Doddanakundi, Visvesvaraya Industrial Estate, Kundalahalli, Vaidehi Hospital, Satyasai Medical Institute, ITPL, Kadugodi, Ujwala Vidyalaya and Whitefield

Mysore Road terminal to Kengeri (extension of east-west line). This corridor has five stations. Nayandahalli, Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore University Cross, RV College of Engineering and Kengeri

Hesaraghatta Cross to Bangalore International Exhibition Centre (BIEC) on Tumkur Road (extension of north-south line). This has three stations. Manjunathanagar, Jindal and BIEC terminal. The BMRC has asked BIEC to share the cost as it would be the main beneficiary of this extension

Puttenahalli Cross to Anjanapura township, up to NICE crossing (extension of north-south line). This corridor has five stations. Anjanapura Road Cross, Krishnaleela Park (Iskcon), Vajarahalli, Talaghattapura and Anjana township.

Proposed new lines and extensions to existing lines – under Phase 2
Line Terminals Length New Stations Cost Expected Work Completion date
■ Purple Line Mysore Road – Kengeri 6.465 km 5 March 2018
■ Purple Line Baiyyappanahalli – Whitefield 15.50 km 14 March 2018
■ Green Line Puttenahalli – Anjanapura 6.29 km 5 March 2018
■ Green Line Hesaraghatta cross – BIEC 3.77 km 3 March 2018
■ Line 3 R V Road – Bommasandra 18.80 km 16 INR57.44 billion (US$920 million) March 2018
■ Line 4 Gottigere – Nagavara 21.25 km 18 INR110.14 billion (US$1.8 billion) March 2018
[37]

BMRCL estimates that around 2,000 properties, spread over 200 hectares of land, will have to be acquired for construction of Phase II. Land acquisition will be carried out by the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board (KIADB), and compensation for structures on acquired land will be evaluated as per the Public Works Department’s (PWD) schedule of rates for compensation. Compensation of for land will be as per market value. A land committee, constituted by BMRCL, and assisted by an appointed real estate consultant will decide the market value of land.[38]

Airport rail link

There is a proposal to build a 33 km line known as Bangalore High-Speed Rail Link, from MG Road to Bengaluru International Airport (BIA), at a cost of INR57.67 billion (US$920 million).[39] Previously there was plan for an independent body but later on it was decided that BMRC will manage this project.[40]

In June 2012, Karnataka chief secretary S.V. Ranganath, asked BMRC to prepare a note on including an extension to the airport in Phase II of Namma Metro. Under the new plan, the Gottigere – Nagavara will be extended to the airport.[41] The extension, from Nagavara to BIA, is estimated to cost INR50 billion (US$800 million) and will be implemented in PPP mode.[42] Initially, the travel time is expected to be 44 minutes, but may go up to 55 minutes as more stations are added on the route.[43] The DPR for the airport link is expected to be completed by April 2013.;[44] in Oct 2010 a proposal was made to construct a Monorail between Yelahanka and Hebbal.

Opening

Namma Metro was originally scheduled to begin operations in March 2010. After the deadline was missed, the Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (BMRCL) shifted the deadline to 31 December 2010. It was again changed to 4 April 2011 and then the date of inauguration was set at 15 September 2011. The next deadline set was 26 September 2011 which was also missed. The metro was finally opened to the public on 20 October 2011 at 4 pm IST by Union Urban Development Minister Kamal Nath.[45] There was an overwhelming response to the metro at the commencement of operations. As per BMRCL sources within first 3 days of operations 169,019 people used this mass transit system.[46] At the end of 4th day about 200,000 passengers had already commuted in Namma Metro. Namma Metro's first 12-day cumulative revenue was INR10 million (US$160,000).[47]

The State Government removed N Sivasailam as MD of Namma Metro on 10 August 2013. He was replaced by Pradeep Singh Kharola.[48][49][50] Sivasailam had been appointed BMRCL MD on 12 June 12, 2008, after then managing director V. Madhu was transferred.[51]

Network

Main article: List of Namma Metro stations

Namma Metro is being built in phases. Phase I of Namma Metro covers a total of 42.30 km and will be completed by the end of 2014. Phase II spans a length of 72.1 km. The entire network after completion of phase 2 is as given below.

Line First operational Last Extension Stations Length
(km)		 Terminals
Purple Line 20 October 2011 3634.3WhitefieldKengeri
Green Line 3240.1BIEC Anjanapura
Line 3 1618.8R V RoadBommasandra
Line 4 1821.2GottigereNagavara
Total 102114.4

Purple Line

Main article: Purple Line (Namma Metro)

The Purple Line will connect Baiyappanahalli in the east to Mysore Road in the west, covering a distance of 18.1 kilometres (11.2 mi). It is partly elevated, partly underground and has one station at grade. The inauguration of the first stretch between Baiyappanahalli and M.G. Road was on 20 October 2011.

Green Line

Main article: Green Line (Namma Metro)

The Green Line will be the second line of the Metro to be opened and will connect Nagasandra in the north to Putenhalli in the south, covering a distance of 24.2 kilometres (15.0 mi). It is partly elevated, partly underground and has one station at grade. The first stretch to open will be the 9.9 km long Reach 3 and Reach 3A. The stretch connects Swastik to Peenya Industrial Area.[52]

Finances

Funding

The Union Cabinet approved Phase I of the Namma Metro in April 2006 when it was estimated to cost INR54 billion (US$860 million). The cost escalated to INR116.09 billion (US$1.9 billion) as various problems delayed the completion.[53] BMRCL received INR7 billion (US$110 million) from Housing and Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), INR250 million (US$4.0 million) from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), 23% from the Central Government, 33% from the State Government and the rest as a INR49.05 billion (US$780 million) loan from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[54][55]

On 3 January 2012, the Karnataka government approved a budget of INR270 billion (US$4.3 billion) for Phase II of Namma Metro project. It was initially expected to cost around INR250 billion (US$4.0 billion).[56] On 27 March 2012, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) signed an agreement to lend $250 million to BMRC to part-finance Phase II of the metro rail project. The loan marked the multilateral lending agency's foray into the urban transport sector in South Asia, the ADB said in a press release.[57] The loan, approved by the ADB Board in March 2011, is the first ADB loan to the urban transport sector without recourse to sovereign guarantees.[58] The State and Central Governments will bear 30% and 20% of the project cost of Phase II respectively. The remaining amount will be obtained through senior term loans.[59]

BMRCL issued a press release on 13 June 2013, that announced that the company was planning to issue 10-year bonds bonds (non-tax-free and non-convertible debentures) through private placement, by July 2013.[60] This would have been the first "Metro Bond" issued in India. The corporation expects to bring down the cost of debt capital through the issue of these bonds by taking advantage of the prevailing yields in the bond market, and also repay expensive loans and reduce its financial burden.[4] The proposed bonds received a credit rating of "IND AA" from India Ratings & Research (Ind-Ra),[61] a Chennai-based research company, which focuses on expenditure in urban infrastructure improvement. The rating authority defines the "IND AA" as "instruments to have high degree of safety regarding timely servicing of financial obligations and carry very low credit risk".[62] Namma Metro MD N. Sivasailam announced on 3 August 2013 that the issue of bonds would be postponed as the market was volatile. Sivasailam stated that the metro would "be in the market soon and when it is stable."[63]

Revenues and Profits

During the first month, since the opening of Reach I, about 1325,000 people travelled by the metro.[64] On average, 41,390 people took the train every day, while the average daily revenue was INR667,262. The BMRC earned a revenue of INR21 million (US$340,000) in its first month of operation.[65] In the first six months of operation, average ridership went down to 24,968. The BMRC earned a total of INR66 million (US$1.1 million) during the same period.[3]

Namma Metro posted a profit of INR4.1 million (US$66,000) after almost one year of operating Reach I. BMRCL estimates that nearly 8 million passengers travelled on the system, in its first year of operations.[66]

Infrastructure

Purple Line train
Interior of the Metro coach
Interior of the Metro coach on inauguration day
MG Road Station at night

Rolling stock

The specification for rolling stock is based on stainless steel-bodied three-car formations, a trailer between two motored driving units. Internal wide gangways provide ease of passenger movement and assist in load distribution. Trains are air-conditioned throughout with designated space for disability access. Although with many automated functions, trains are under driver control.

The capacity per train is approximately 1,000 through longitudinal seating, giving a high proportion of the floor area to standing passengers. The maximum attainable speed is 80 km/h (50 mph).[67]

Initially the bids by Bombardier and Siemens, Alstom Projects India Ltd and consortium comprising BEML, Mitsubishi and Hyundai Rotem were shortlisted to supply the rolling stock and coaches. In February 2009, the BEML-led consortium was awarded the contract to supply 150 coaches and rolling stock for the first phase of the project. While Mitsubishi would supply the traction for the coaches, Hyundai Rotem would supply the rolling stock and BEML would supply the coaches for Phase I.[68]

The first trainset made a trial run in December 2010.[69]

Power supply

The power for the system is 750 V DC bottom contact third rail supply. In December 2009, the ABB Group was awarded the contract to provide power solutions for the first phase of the planned metro network. ABB will design, supply, install and commission four substations that receive and distribute electricity, each rated at 66/33 kV, as well as the auxiliary and traction substations. ABB will also provide an integrated network management, or SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition), system to monitor and control the installations.[70]

Signaling and communications

The integrated control centre at Byappanahalli has direct communication with trains and stations are CCTV fitted with visual and audio service information.[71] Passengers have emergency voice communication with train staff.

In September 2009, the consortium led by Alstom Project India Limited were awarded a contract worth INR5634 million (US$90.1 million) to supply control and signalling system for the first phase of the project. The consortium is led by Alstom and composed of Alstom Transport SA, Thales Group Portugal S A and Sumitomo Corporation. Alstom will provide the design, manufacture, supply, installing, testing and commissioning of the train control and signalling system and Thales will provide the design, installing, testing and commissioning of the telecommunication system for Phase I of the metro system. It includes the Urbalis 200 Automatic Train Control system which will ensure optimal safety, flexible operations and heightened passenger comfort.[72][73]

Stations

The work area of each underground station is 270 m x 50 m, while the station box measures 270 m x 25 m. The stations' roofs are be 3–6 m below the road. The roof slabs and walls are about 1 m thick, to bear load from all sides.[74] Initially, there were no toilets at Namma Metro stations, despite demand from commuters. BMRCL countered the demand by arguing that constructing toilets was not part of the metro construction plan, and that building toilets in the city was the responsibility of the Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). They also justified the decision by saying that commuters spent "hardly five minutes" at stations, so restrooms were not required, and also that none of the Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) bus stops in the city had toilets for passengers. However, BMRCL eventually heeded public demand, and the metro's first toilets were opened at Baiyappanahalli and Indiranagar stations on 21 June 2013.[75]

Facilities and services

All metro trains are Wi-Fi enabled (the first metro in India to have this feature), so passengers can use laptops, tablets as well as mobile internet.[71] The free Wi-Fi service was made available to commuters on 31 July 2013.[76] Passengers also have emergency voice communication with train staff through a speaker system. Passengers are provided with a call button to communicate anything to the driver or control center during an emergency.[71]

Metro stations will have Powerheart Automated external defibrillator (AED) to protect its commuters against death from sudden cardiac arrest.[77] Powerheart AED is used for emergency treatment of victims exhibiting symptoms of sudden cardiac arrest. The installation of AEDs will be followed by a certified training for a group of staff members of BMRC. The devices are manufactured by Opto Circuits (India) Ltd.[78]

Handicapped facilities

Yellow tactile tiles are used at all stations to guide the visually impaired. The tiles start at the ramp and lead to the staircases and lifts.[79]

Cycling

The Automated Tracking and Control of Green Assets (ATCAG) run by Kerberon Automobiles won the tenders to start cycle docking stations for Namma Metro. All stations of Reach I have cycle docking stations.[80] The cycles can be rented by commuters and will enable them to travel to areas near the station without having to depend on another form of transport after getting off the metro.[81] The service was inaugurated at MG Road station on 20 October 2012, the first anniversary of the metro's opening.

Commuters have to register for the service by submitting a valid government identity proof and paying INR1000 as refundable deposit. Commuters can keep the cycle for free for the first hour, but will be charged INR10 for every subsequent hour. Charges will be deducted from their smart cards.[82] Smart cards can be recharged by maintaining a minimum balance of INR250. Registered users can swipe the card at the docking stations located at metro stations or other places, use it for transit in the city and park it in the next available docking station.[83]

Parking

Currently parking facilities are available only in Baiyappanahalli and Swami Vivekananda Road stations. BMRCL awarded the contract to Central Parking Services (CPS). The licensee will pay INR2.5 million (US$40,000) a year to the corporation as the licence fee for the contract.[84]

Vehicle Fee
First 4 hoursEvery subsequent hourWhole Day†
Car INR5 (8.0¢ US) INR2 (3.2¢ US) INR10 (16¢ US)
Motorcycle INR2 (3.2¢ US) INR1 (1.6¢ US) INR5 (8.0¢ US)
Bicycle 0 paise (US$0.00) – 0 paise (US$0.00)
†Day timing: 5am – 11pm

Parking fees can be paid in cash or using flash cards. Motorists can avail of 20% discount on parking charges using flash cards and can also use the cards in CPS-managed parking facility in the city. Electric and hybrid cars can park for free at Namma Metro stations. CPS stated that it wants to encourage the use of eco-friendly vehicles and that is why it has decided to provide free parking to such vehicles at its metro station parking facilities.[85] An average of 4,764 cars and 5,721 two-wheelers use parking facilities at Baiyappanahalli and SV Road stations daily.[66]

Safety

Anti-derailing

There are two levels of protection built to prevent derailment. BMRCL has installed derailment protection guards to prevent wheels straying from the track. Even if there is slight straying, the protection system will ensure the wheels move in a small space and pathway between the rail and derailment guard and come to a halt immediately within that space. The guard prevents the train from moving forward, forces it to a halt and prevents it from careening over. The second protection is anti-capsize concrete protection walls to prevent the train from falling off the viaduct. The walls have been designed to ensure the train is retained within the viaduct.[86]

Anti-collision

BMRCL has installed the Automatic Train Protection System to ensure collision does not occur. The system automatically senses if there is any object/train on the track ahead and activates the brakes even if the driver doesn't . The train comes to a halt a safe distance from the object/train ahead even if it is running at full speed.[86]

To prevent overspeeding

The Automatic Train Protection and Operation System prescribes speeds from section to section, straight paths and curves, and if the train exceeds the speed limit, the brakes come on automatically.[86]

Earthquake proofing

The pillars have been built to last 100–120 years. They have been tested for the highest braking, temperature, wind, pressure and fatigue, and built to withstand quakes of Zone 3 type, though Bangalore falls in Zone 2 type. Every pier, pillar and concrete structure has 10% more strength than the designed or original strength. The design meets Indian earthquake standards.[86]

Rainwater harvesting

BMRCL harvests rainwater collected on its elevated corridor network. It wants to execute the project to be executed under a public-private partnership. The viaduct is supported by concrete piers at an average distance of 28m. These columns have pipes that will collect the rain Bangalore receives between July and November every year. BMRCL said the water thus collected will be clean as the viaduct itself is regularly cleaned. There is no oil pollution on the viaduct. Since the coaches are closed, there is also no chance of littering on the tracks.

BMRCL also plans to harvest rainwater from the 140 acre depot facility at Peenya. The stabling shed itself occupies 190,000 sq feet and water will be collected in 2 tanks each with a capacity of 50,000 litres. Rainwater harvesting is also planned in the existing and under-construction stations. The water harvested will be supplied to places where needed, rejuvenate lakes and the rest will be used to recharge groundwater.[87] The selected private partner will have to harvest the rainwater in collection tanks at convenient points, treat the water and supply the potable water on commercial terms to bulk consumers. Upon selection, the concessionaire will have to design and erect the rainwater harvest system, treat the rainwater and to sell it for a period of 15 years.[88] Karnataka Rural Infrastructure Development (KRIDL), is the agency that is involved in the project and it estimates that about 80 million litres can be collected in a year.[87]

BMRC has completed installation of water harvesting system along Reach 1 and will be doing the same for Reaches 3 & 4. BMRC will also set up flower beds on Reach 1 with assistance from the horticulture department. However, the work related to this has slowed down due to garbage contractors dumping garbage along the median, due to a lack of landfills in the city.[89] BMRC will rejuvenate Kengeri and Veerasandra lakes using the water collected from the corridor that passes close to these lakes.[90][91]

Operations

Fares

The minimum fare is INR10 and maximum fare of INR15 for Reach-1.[92]

Ticketing

The obverse of an entry token issued

Namma Metro uses contactless smart tokens and contactless smart card.[93] Tokens are available only for single journey. A person can buy up to 6 tokens for additional five passengers and himself.

There are 4 types of smart cards available on the metro – Varshik, Sanchar, Saral and Saraag.[94]

  • Varshik is priced at INR100 and the smart card can then be recharged from INR50 to up to INR1,500. It has a one-year validity, with a 15% discount on travel fares.
  • Sanchar is based on number of trips. It is available in denominations of INR10, INR40, INR50 and INR100.
  • Saral is priced at INR70. It allows a day's travel in non-A/C buses of BMTC and the metro.
  • Saraag is priced at INR110. It allows a day's travel in BMTC A/C buses and the metro.

BMRCL began selling tokens through automatic ticket vending machines (ATVMs) on 4 December 2012 at MG Road, Indiranagar and Baiyyappanahalli stations. The service will eventually be expanded to all metro stations. The touchscreen enabled ATVMs are available in 3 languages – English, Kannada and Hindi. Commuters can purchase a single journey token by selecting the destination station or the amount in the ATVM. They can also add value or add trips to the tickets in the contactless smart card. Commuters can purchase up to 8 tickets at a time and can get the receipt print for card recharge. ATVMs accept coins of INR5 and INR10 denominations and INR10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 denominations of currency notes. However, the ATVM cannot differentiate between INR1 and INR2 coins.[95][96]

Approximately, 68% of passengers on the metro use smart tokens and 32% use smart cards.[66] MIFARE DESFire platform, developed by NXP Semiconductors, was selected to manage the Automated Fare Collection (AFC) in Namma Metro.[97]

Frequency

The metro service runs between 0600 and 2200 hours. There are trains every 15 minutes between 0600 and 0800, 10 minutes between 0800 and 2000, and 15 minutes between 2000 and 2200.[98] The frequency is slated to increase to once every three minutes by 2021. The travel time from end to end on the Purple Line will be 33 minutes, and on the Green Line will be 44 minutes.

Metro services have occasionally operated beyond 2200 hours. Services are usually extended on festival days or when a major cricket match is held in Bangalore.[99][100]

Speed

The system is designed for a maximum train speed of 80 km/h. However, the Research Design and Standards Organization (RDSO) fixed the speed at which trains are allowed commercially operate at 67.50 km/h on straight lines, 45 km/h while entering the stations and 35 km/h at the curves on a stretch.[101]

Ridership

The average daily ridership of Reach-I of Namma Metro is 24,968. The Metro’s highest recorded ridership was 85,004, on 23 October 2011, the Sunday following the service’s inauguration.[3]

Laws

The Bangalore Metro Rail (Carriage and Ticket) Rules 2011 limit the weight of personal baggage to 15 kg. Rule 3 says: “No person shall, while travelling in metro railway, carry with him any goods other than a small baggage containing personal belongings not exceeding 60cm x 45cm x 25cm in size and 15kg in weight, except with the prior approval of the metro railway administration.” The rules also restrict carrying explosive substances, gases, petroleum and other inflammable liquids, inflammable solids and poisonous substances.[102]

The Metro Railway (Operation and Maintenance) Act, 2002, imposes fines and in some cases jail sentences for offences committed on the metro. Anyone indulging in sabotaging the train or maliciously hurting or attempting to hurt other passengers while travelling in the metro can face imprisonment up to 10 years. Pasting posters or drawing graffiti on the walls of stations or trains is punishable by a fine of INR1,000 or imprisonment for up to 6 months. Travelling in an inebriated state or creating nuisance in the train is punishable by a INR500 fine.[103] Clarifying the law on public intoxication on the metro, a BMRCL spokesman stated, "We are aware that the people will board Metro trains after partying. We cannot completely ban those who have consumed alcohol. But if we find anyone indecent or heavily drunk at the security point, we will not allow them to board the train. Passengers will also be checked whether they are carrying alcohol or any other items which are not permitted inside the Metro train as per the rule." BMRCL officials do not have breathalysers, but they claim to have trained security guards to watch out for troublemakers.[104] Spitting on the metro premises is punishable by a fine of INR100.[105]

Security

Currently baggage is manually searched by security guards hired by BMRCL. Bangalore City Police are in charge of external security of metro installations. Plans are underway to install three baggage scanners each at Baiyappanahalli, Swami Vivekananda Road and Indiranagar stations and two each at M.G. Road, Trinity and Halasuru stations. There are attendants and multiple security guards on each platform, and photography is strictly prohibited.[106]

Fatalities

On 5 March 2012 at 8:35 pm, a 16-year old boy threw himself under a train at the MG Road station. The boy was identified as S Vishnu Sharan, a first-year student of St. Joseph's PU College and a resident of Jayanagar. This was the first death to occur after Namma Metro operations began.[107]

Gallery

  • The Baiyyappanahalli Terminal under construction

  • Completed section of the purple line towards Baiyyappanahalli

  • Namma Metro Bangalore.jpg

  • The Green line train stationed on the Peenya test track

See also


References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Project Highlights". Official webpage of B.M.R.C. Retrieved 3 May 2010. 
  2. ↑ "Metro gets $250m for next phase". The Times of India. 28 March 2012. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Joyrides in Bangalore Metro are over – Bangalore – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. Retrieved 25 July 2012. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "BMRCL to issue bonds to raise Rs. 500 crore". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 14 June 2013. 
  5. ↑ "Namma metro to chug on October 20 – southindia – Bangalore – ibnlive". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 21 October 2011. 
  6. ↑ "A K Bhattacharya: A tale of two Metros". Business Standard. 15 July 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012. 
  7. ↑ http://bmrc.co.in/pdf/phase2/phase2forweb.pdf
  8. ↑ http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-07-26/news/40815304_1_ahmedabad-metro-metro-rail-broad-gauge
  9. ↑ http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-12/delhi/30391124_1_maglev-magnetic-levitation-levitation-trains
  10. ↑ "Indian cabinet approves the project". Online Edition of The Economic Times. 28 April 2006. 
  11. ↑ "Award of contract". Official webpage of B.M.R.C. Retrieved 2 October 2011. 
  12. ↑ "PM lays foundation stone for Metro project". PM office website. 
  13. ↑ "Bangalore Metro Rail Work to begin on Feb 3, 2007". The Times of India. 21 January 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2007. 
  14. ↑ "A city begins to fulfill a Metro dream". The Indian Express. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012. 
  15. ↑ "Bangalore Metro:Metro Network". 
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 "metro-phase-i-to-be-fully-ready-by-march-2015" (Press release). The Hindu. 29 August 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2013. 
  17. ↑ Anil Kumar Sastry (2013-09-22). "Namma Metro Reach 3 unlikely to be commissioned by November". The Hindu. Retrieved 2013-09-28. 
  18. ↑ "GOK order on Metro Extension". Official webpage of B.M.R.C. Retrieved 26 November 2008. 
  19. ↑ Malleswaram: Metro delayed by 7 months | Deccan Chronicle
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  21. ↑ RohithB R, Bangalore, 13 Oct 2012, DHNS : (13 October 2012). "Metro makes steady inroads". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
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  26. ↑ Update : 06:47 pm IST (4 January 2013). "Namma Metro: Frozen in its tracks". Deccan Chronicle. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
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  29. ↑ "Metro project: Cabinet approves two new lines for Phase 2". The Times of India. 4 January 2012. 
  30. ↑ Bangalore, 4 Jan, DHNS:. "Centre's nod for Phase-II of Metro may take 6 months". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 6 March 2012. 
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  39. ↑ "Metro project: Cabinet approves two new lines for Phase 2". The Times Of India. 4 January 2012. 
  40. ↑ "Metro will have high-speed link to BIA". The Times of India. 21 October 2011. 
  41. ↑ High speed rail line to airport – Livemint
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  43. ↑ "HSRL takes back seat; govt pushes for Metro phase 2 – Bangalore – DNA". Daily News and Analysis. 17 October 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
  44. ↑ "DPR for Metro link to BIA in five months". Deccan Herald. 4 November 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2013. 
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  48. ↑ "Namma Metro Man Sivasailam shifted". The Times Of India. 11 August 2013. 
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  50. ↑ "Pradeep Kharola is new Metro chief - Bangalore - DNA". Dnaindia.com. Retrieved 2013-09-28. 
  51. ↑ "Kharola appointed BMRCL MD". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 10 August 2013. 
  52. ↑ "Rajajinagar, Peenya residents can smile – The Times of India". The Times of India. 28 November 2011. 
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  54. ↑ "Namma Metro Phase II requires Rs. 25,000 crore – southindia – Hyderabad – ibnlive". Ibnlive.in.com. Retrieved 21 October 2011. 
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  85. ↑ Parking at Metro gets a bit cheaper – Bangalore – DNA
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  107. ↑ "16-yr-old throws himself before Metro train, dies". The Times of India. 1 January 1970. Retrieved 6 March 2012. 

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