Bejucal (Mesoamerican site)
 |
| Maya civilization |
|---|
| History |
| Preclassic Maya |
| Classic Maya collapse |
| Spanish conquest of Yucatán |
| Spanish conquest of Guatemala |
| Spanish conquest of Petén |
Bejucal is a Maya archaeological site in the Petén Department of Guatemala. It is located 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) northeast of El Zotz and was subservient to that city.[1] The site is thought to date to the second half of the 4th century AD, in the Early Classic period.[2]
Location
The site is located within the San Miguel La Palotada biotope in the municipality of San José in the department of Petén in northern Guatemala. The biotope is a part of the Maya Biosphere Reserve that is bordered on the east by the Tikal National Park and surrounded on all other sides by designated multiple-use zones of the Reserve.[3] Bejucal is situated 20 kilometres (12 mi) west of the ruins of Tikal.[4]
History
Bejucal was the original capital of the royal dynasty that later ruled El Zotz, apparently transferring their capital to that city.[5]
The Teotihuacan-linked general Siyaj K'ak' ("Fire is Born") conquered Bejucal in the 4th century, together with many other sites in Petén, including the great city of Tikal.[6] A text at the site mentions Siyaj K'ak' as overlord of Bejucal in AD 381.[7] Stela 1 from Bejucal also indicates that Siyaj K'ak' was overlord of nearby El Zotz.[8] From around this time the kings of Bejucal began to refer to themselves as vassals of Tikal, their giant neighbour, using the y ajaw phrase meaning subordinate lord.[9]
Inscriptions at Bejucal all fit within a very short 40-year span in the second half of the 4th century, ending about AD 396. The abrupt cessation of inscriptions at Bejucal is possibly the result of the expansion of the Tikal polity.[10]
In the late 1970s Ian Graham visited Bejucal and recorded two stelae and a sculpted altar.[11]
Notes
- ↑ Houston et al 2007, p.415. Houston, p.7.
- ↑ Fialko 2000, p.558.
- ↑ Laporte 2006, pp.949-951.
- ↑ Culbert 1991, 1996, p.130.
- ↑ Houston p.9.
- ↑ Estrada-Belli & Foley 2004, p.843.
- ↑ Hermes et al 2006, p.984.
- ↑ Houston, p.8. Houston et al 2007, p.416.
- ↑ Drew 1999, pp.200-201.
- ↑ Culbert 1991, 1996, p.130.
- ↑ Houston p.6.
References
- Culbert, T. Patrick (1991, 1996). Classic Maya political history : hieroglyphic and archaeological evidence. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56445-X. OCLC 35225896.
- Drew, David (1999). The Lost Chronicles of the Maya Kings. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81699-3. OCLC 43401096.
- Estrada-Belli, Francisco; Jennifer Foley (2004). "Arqueología e historia de enlaces geo-políticos: El Clásico Temprano en La Sufricaya." (PDF online publication). XVII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2003 (edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo, H. Escobedo and H. Mejía), pp.843-851. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala. Retrieved 2010-01-20. (Spanish)
- Fialko, Vilma (2000). "Recursos hidráulicos en Tikal y sus periferias." (PDF online publication). XIII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 1999 (edited by J.P. Laporte, H. Escobedo, B. Arroyo, and A.C. de Suasnávar Mejía), pp.556-565. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala. Retrieved 2010-01-20. (Spanish)
- Hermes, Bernard; Wieslaw Koszkul and Zoila Calderón (2006). "Los Mayas y la cultura Teotihuacana: Descubrimientos en Nakum, Petén." (versión digital). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo and H. Mejía) (Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología): pp.972–989. Retrieved 2010-01-20. (Spanish)
- Houston, Stephen. "In the Shadow of a Giant: Research at El Zotz, Guatemala" (PDF online publication). Mesoweb articles. Mesoweb: An Exploration of Mesoamerican Cultures. Retrieved 2010-01-19.
- Houston, Stephen; Héctor L. Escobedo; Zachary Nelson; Juan Carlos Meléndez; Fabiola Quiroa; Ana Lucía Arroyave and Rafael Cambranes (2007). "A la sombra de un gigante: Epigrafía y asentamiento de El Zotz, Petén." (versión digital). XX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2006 (edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo and H. Mejía) (Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología): 395–418. Retrieved 2010-01-16. (Spanish)
- Laporte, Juan Pedro (2006). "Trabajos no divulgados del Proyecto Nacional Tikal, Parte 4: Rescate en El Zotz, San José, Petén." (versión digital). XIX Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2005 (edited by J.P. Laporte, B. Arroyo and H. Mejía) (Guatemala: Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología): 949–971. Retrieved 2010-01-16. (Spanish)
