Baztan (municipality)
| Baztan | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Comarca | |||
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| Coordinates: 43°07′N 1°17′E / 43.12°N 1.28°ECoordinates: 43°07′N 1°17′E / 43.12°N 1.28°E | |||
| Country |
 Spain | ||
| Autonomous community | Navarre | ||
| Province | Navarre | ||
| Capital | Elizondo | ||
| Government | |||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 373.55 km2 (144.23 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2009) | |||
| • Total | 8,127 | ||
| • Density | 22/km2 (56/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 31700 | ||
| Dialing code | 948 | ||
| Website | http://www.baztan.es/ | ||
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Baztan is a municipality from the Chartered Community of Navarre, northern Spain. It is located 58 km (36 mi) from Pamplona, the capital of Navarre. It is the largest municipality in Navarre, with around 376.8 km2 and just over 8,000 inhabitants.
Settlements
The capital of the valley is Elizondo, and includes other 14 villages, as follows:
- Amaiur o Maya
- Aniz
- Arraioz
- Almandoz
- Arizkun
- Azpilikueta
- Berroeta
- Elbetea
- Garzain
- Irurita
- Lekaroz
- Erratzu
- Oronoz-Mugairi
- Ziga
History of Baztan
The Baztan Viscounty (1025-1235)
In about 1025, the duke of Gascony Sancho VI William, who was the son of Duke William II Sánchez and Urraca Garcés of Navarre (widow of Count Fernán González of Castile), assigned part of the territories of the duchy of Gascony under the suzerainty of King Sancho III of Navarre. Following this, Sancho III of Navarre created a Lordship for Ximen I Ochoaniz, which comprised the surroundings of the Baztan Valley. His son Garcia Xemeniz became a Viscount between 1055 to 1065, and his grandson Ximen I Garciez, who was the Lord of Lizarra and the valley of Salazar between 1051 and 1080, donated lands and properties to the Monastery of Leire, in exchange of pardon for assassinating his nephew.
When the King of Navarre, Sancho IV of Navarre was assassinated by his siblings in 1076, they colluded with the Bishops of Bayonne. This alignment with Bayonne rather than Pamplona was possibly due to the new political support to the de Haro family, Lords of Biscay, recognized and protected by the Kingdom of Castile after 1076, and the absorption and partitioning in his own benefit of Navarrese territories by King Alfonso V of Castile, grandson of King Sancho III of Navarre.
In the meantime, the Kings of Navarre had been King Ramiro I of Aragon and Navarre, who was the Sancho III of Navarre's son (deceased in 1065), and his successor the King Sancho Ramirez, known as Sancho V of Navarre and Aragon.
These two Navarrese-Aragonese kings ruled on thinly populated Aragonese territories with much less military strength than the powerful King of Castile, Alfonso VI of Castile, (1040–1109), a nephew of bastard born King Ramiro I of Aragon and supposed ruler of Navarre, too, on the 1076 assassination by his brothers/sisters of Sancho IV of Navarre, whose territory was thereafter punished, occupied and somehow divided or shared .
At these times, Viscount of Baztan area Ximen II got a daughter, Viscountess Maria Ximenes who married in 1085, Fortun Enneconis, de Los Cameros, a former, (10th century), navarrese territory now close to the Kings of Castile and located in La Rioja, South of the river Ebro, at the South-East of Logroño City.
Maria Ximenes got two sons, Ximen III Fortunez, Viscount of Baztan in 1119, no issue, and Pedro I Fortunez, the following Viscount. A son of the later Viscount Pedro II Pedriz of Baztan married towards 1110 and got three sons: Sancho Pedriz de Baztan, Pedro Pedriz de Baztan and Ximen Pedriz de Baztan, assassinated circa 1150 by a "French" neighbour but revenged by his cousin, a "Gramont" family female, these Gramont's becoming later a very famous and brilliant "French Basque outstanding family name", who punished the assassin by blinding him while detained.
At those times, titular king of Navarre, and Aragon, was Sancho V Ramirez son by his first marriage, Peter I of Navarre and Aragon, but then, deceased in 1104, the next King was his son by a second marriage with a French Nordic woman aristocrat, Félicia de Roucy, a.k.a. Felicia de Ramerupt - Roucy, a.k. a. Felicia de Urgel, (Barbastro, circa 1050 - Barcelona, 1094), Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre, deceased without issue in 1134. This Alfonso I of Aragon-Navarre describes himself as King of the Baztan area in 1132, besides, Alava, Navarra, Sobrarbe, Ribagorza, and Aragon, after besieging and conquering Bayonne with the military help, between others of Baztanese people, and who had helped him to conquer from the Moors the important town of Zaragoza in 1118.
The reasons for the military campaign of Alfonso I on what is now France, between October 1130 eand the beginnings of 1131 was to pay protective military duty as suzerain of some of his Lord vassals from the other side of the Pyrenees, Gaston IV of Béarn "The Crusader", (viscount 1090 - 1131), fighting then against the Moors in Teruel with Knights of the Order of the Temple, Count Roger III of Foix, ( - Count 1124 - 1147/8), and Count Bernard I of Comminges, later a Knight of the Order of the Temple, as required and obliged by the mutual pacts of protection.
Because the now named French Basques, (then "Gascons"), were unsatisfied with their overlord Duke William X of Aquitaine, (1099 – Successor to the Duchy 1126 - assassinated in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, 9 April 1137) he besieged Bayonne, too, for nearly one year, 1131, and conquered it giving some privileges to the Gascons also. The will of Alfonso I, 1134, giving all his territories to the Knights of the Order of the Temple and of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem was however disputed both by the Roman Popes and the Navarrese and Aragonese Lords.
Then, Navarrese nobility decided to split apart recognizing as a new King of Navarre, a bastard offspring descent of former Kings, named Garcia IV Ramirez "El Restaurador", deceased 1150. It was through his mother that new king Garcia IV Ramirez of Navarre, got the genes of famous Epic Knight and mercenary warrior El Cid Campeador, deceased in July 1099 as conqueror of the town of Valencia.
Apparently, this splitting from Aragon when Alfonso I died in 1134 was punished by the Roman Popes and the other Christian Kings of the regions now described as Spain by describing Garcia IV Ramirez as "Dux Navarrorum" only, existing agreements between the King Consort of Aragon, Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona, and the King of Castile Alfonso VII on conquering and dividing together Navarre on his death in 1150.
The incoming storm was conjured by the 17-year-old King of Navarre, Sancho VI Garcés "The Wise", (1133? - 1194), whose sister, Duchess or Princess Blanca Garcés of Navarre, deceased 1156, married in 1151 to the new King of Castile, but no King of León as till then, Sancho III of Castile, (1134 - King of Nájera 1149 - August 1158, aged 23, two years after his young Navarrese wife).
The situation became then very delicate indeed. There was only a little Castilian - Navarrese Prince alive, later Alfonso VIII of Castile, with an uncle, king Ferdinand II of León, slightly younger than his deceased father, Castilian deceased king Sancho III and Navarrese deceased mother, Princess or Duchess Blanca. Will uncle Fernando, king of Leon, be seeking some sort of "unfortunate death or poisoning" of his nephew, a very young child orphaned, tutored, and plausible king Alfonso VIII?.
Alfonso VIII grand father Garcia IV, on his mother side, the father of young King or Dux Sancho VI of Navarre and of Princess or Duchess Blanca, had married Marguerite de l'Aigle, the daughter of one of the Norman crusaders fighting in Spain against the Moors in Calahorra, Tarazona, Tudela and Logroño.
Aigle is Eagle in Norman French, therefore one black eagle, reivindicated now ignoring the reasons by Basque nationalists for a few years in the 20th century, became customary in the Navarrese and Sicilian Royal Coats of Arma, since the sister of king Sancho VI, and Blanca, Margaret of Navarre, deceased 1183, married William I "The Bad" or "The Wicked" of (Norman) Sicily, with bastard royal Castilian blood on his mother side, being the mother of William II of Sicily, (1155 - king of Sicily 1166 - 1189).
The conquest of Lisbon, Portugal, by international crusaders in October 1147 meant the consolidation of Atlantic - Mediterranean trade, and the setting up of seafaring connections between the regions above Normandy, including England, Scotland, Ireland, Flanders, and Denmark with the Crusaders conquests since 1099 in Palestine. Equilibrium and loyalty were necessary for it in the Iberian Peninsula. The Great Protector of baby king of Castile would be then an ambitious, hard headed and violent descent of the Counts of Anjou, nonetheless than Henry II of England, called Curtmantle, (1133–1189), who ruled as King of England (1154–1189), Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Count of Nantes, Lord of Ireland and, at various times, controlled parts of Wales, Scotland and western France.
Suddendly, in the 1150s, sleepy fishing towns of the Gulf of Biscay, between Bordeaux and Vigo, namely between the Duchy of Normandy in the North of France and in front of England, and the new Iberian Kingdom of Portugal, became valuable spots for trade, including what is described today as the Basque Country. Iron smelting for tools, nails and weapons, woolens for no getting too wet and fighting the cold nights, gold, silver, glass, salt, leather wares, were fundamental goods.
Near it all there was a rather dull and undistinguished member of the nobility, perhaps more cunny than anyone ever thought, the son of a rather obscure Spanish Crusader in Palestine, described today as Garcia IV Ramirez of Navarra, "El Restaurador", king since 1134, deceased 1150.
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His grandson Sancho VII of Navarre, (deceased 1234, buried at Roncesvalles ), would be the brother in law of the King of England, Richard the Lionheart, killed by an arrow besieging one of his unruly vassals in France, in 1199, through his sister Berengaria of Navarre, deceased at Le Mans, France, in 1229.
From 1235 onwards, the Count of Champagne, Theobald I de Champagne-Navarre, "The Poet" ot "The Troubadour", will achieve the feat of being King of Navarre, thanks to his mother, Princess Blanca Sánchez of Navarre, Blanche of Navarre, deceased 1229, the widower regent in charge for 21 years, after May 24, 1201, 1201–1222, of her former deceased husband seven powerful castles menacingly surrounding the Paris Capet royal territories: Épernay, Vertus, Sézanne, Chantemerle, Pont-sur-Seine, Nogent-sur-Seine and Méry-sur-Seine, in spite of her "succession as Countess of Champagne" being contested by Theobald's nieces, Alice and Philippa.
The Navarrese born Countess of Champagne, Blanche, had been married to the would be Crusader, fourth Crusade, Theobald III of Champagne, and was the youngest sister of king Sancho VII, who had died without "appropriate" legal descents in 1234.
5 years after her death, her 33-year-old son, Count Theobald IV of Champagne, would become Inheriting King Theobald I of Navarre, ruling there for the next 20 years, organizing meantime, 1239, a costly Crusade to Palestine, too, the same than his father, Count Theobald III of Champagne had triggered in 1201 before he was taken by death .
The Navarra Kingdom under the new Champagne Counts dynasty, (1235 - 1305)
Theobald I of Navarre, Theobald IV of Champagne, (Born as an orphan at Troyes, France, 1201 - Pamplona, 1254) married 3 times, the first marriage being dissolved after two years only and having no issue. On his second marriage with Agnes of Beaujeu in 1222, the only daughter from the issue, was called also as other women ancestors, Blanche de Navarre, (1226–1283). She eventually married seafaring John I, Duke of Brittany, being thus the mother of John II (in Breton Yann II, in French Jean II de Dreux) (1239 – November 18, 1305), who was Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond, from 1286 to his death.
Another 2 daughters of Theobald I of Navarre third marriage with Margaret of Bourbon, Queen of Navarre, 1253 - 1256 as Queen regent, daughter of a sire of the Bourbonnais, not yet Dukes, military mercenaries Condottiere's or Kings much later in European History were:
a) The so-called Margaret of Navarre, as other women ancestors, who in 1255 married Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (1238–1303), being thus the mother, between others, of Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine (1263–1312), his successor in Lorraine.
b) Beatrice of Navarre, (1242–1295), married in 1258 with Hugh IV, Duke of Burgundy (1212–1272).
One of the brothers of these two, reaching maturity at age 18, 1256, was the next king, Theobald II of Navarre, (c. 1238 – December 4, 1270), married in 1255 at Melun, France, to Isabelle of France, (2 March 1241 - married 6 April 1255 - 17 April 1271).
This Queen Consort of Navarre, Isabelle de France, was the daughter of Marguerite of Provence, (1221–1295), and King Louis IX of France, (1214–1270), the son of Louis VIII of France and Queen Regent of France, Blanche Of Castile.
When Theobald II died childless, aged 32, in Trapani, Sicily, just three months before Isabelle of France, he had participated in the Eighth Crusade to Tunis, North Africa, against the supposed Hafsid first Khalif of Tunis, Muhammad I al-Mustansir, (???? - 1277), a former vassal of king Manfred of Sicily, (1232 - King of Sicily August 1258 - Battle of Benevento, on February 26, 1266).
Isabelle of France, The Queen Consort of Navarre, was only 30 when she died, strangely enough, and then, the Navarrese crown passed to Theobald II youngest brother, king Henry I the "Fat"(c. 1244 – 22 July 1274), Count Henry III of Champagne. He only lived till the age of 30 diying of what could be described today as an infarct, ruling thus only for some 3 years.
The Navarre kingdom coveted by the opportunist Capet of France kings dynasty, (1274 - 1305 - 1327)
The succession problem and the Fuero Mejorado de Navarra chart of privileges, year 1327
The Capet sub branch of the Évreux in Navarre as Kings of Navarre, (1348 - 1446)
The titular Kings and the titular Queens of Navarre
15 years old Joanna II of Navarre, born 1312, bypassed twice in her succession to the throne of Navarre by her two Capet uncles, Kings of Navarre and France, named differently depending on the mentioned country, Navarre or France, married Count Philip d' Évreux, King Consort known as Philip III of Navarre, killed in a Spanish-International Crusade over the Andalusian maritime town of Algeciras in 1343. She died in 1349, aged 37 only.
France and Navarre had been and were de facto two independent Kingdoms being recognized both of them as sovereigns. The acceptance of Queen Joan II by the Navarrese was a wise move in view of the claims of the Counts of Anjou and later Kings of England to succeed, on the same type of grounds and reasons, to the French throne, the seed of the Hundred Years War .
The eldest son of Philippe d'Évreux and Queen Joanna II was Charles II of Navarre, "The Bad", (1332–1387), who ruled for about 38 years and who brought a lot of trouble with his in-laws, the new Royal family of the Valois, his father in law John II of France, (1316–1364), and his brother in law Charles V of France, (1338–1380).
His inheritor was King Charles III of Navarre, "The Noble", deceased 1425, who ruled also for about 38 years, and protected all the baztanese land proprietors, his daughter being the next (third) rightful Queen Blanche I of Navarre, who ruled between 1425 and 1441, some 16 years, having been also a consort ruler in Sicily previously.
Some delicate, obscure, points about the Baztan area during the 16th to 18th centuries
Baztan was transferred as a Catholic circumscription associated to the Bishopric of Bayonne, then at the Duchy of Aquitania since the 13th century to the Archbishopric of Pamplona only in 1568. Since at that time Lower Navarre was run by Calvinist, Huguenot, Queen Joanna III of Navarre, (1528 - Queen regnant of Navarre 1555, aged 27 – 1572, aged 44), first from Pau and later from La Rochelle seafaring town, and her Consort had been the Huguenot Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme (1518 – from woundings at the siege of Rouen, 1562) and since Spanish Admiral Pedro Menéndez de Avilés had sternly killed in 1565 the Huguenot colonists of Fort Caroline, a.k.a. Fort Matanzas, now near Jacksonville, in Spanish Florida, did King Philip II of Spain, then legal King of Upper Navarre, ask either to Roman Pope Pius IV, (1499 - Pope 1559 - 1565) or to Roman Pope Pius V, (1504 - Pope 1562 - 1572) to do anything about this administrative move?.
Has the word Agote, some sort of highly socially discriminated people over several centuries also living in Baztan, anything to see with the actual French word Huguenot?
Some distinguished people from the Navarrese Baztan area, a tentative biographical data base
Family lands property being inherited by the eldest surviving male only provided cadet able bodied women/men for marriage, the service of the Catholic Church, if providing adequate moneys in the case of nuns wishing to spend the rest of their lives leading a contemplative life, expansion of Christianity trying to teach indigenous and/or enslaved people, (blacks and defeated in battle Muslims for instance) and also having access to University colleges, mainly at Zaragoza, Valladolid and Salamanca, learning Law and Civil Administration befitting Service to the Empire and/or serving in the Imperial Army/Navy with the status of free men, ("hidalgos"), some sort of social class equivalent to the rural born Squires in England.
Thus, while the past/actual rural "Basques" remained toiling their family lands and their cattle, the rest of their extended family had to make a living assisted by the administrative needs of the Spanish Crown over many millions of Square Kilometers spanning over Europe, the Pacific Ocean Islands and America. Broadly speaking, there were no jobs for them over there.
No racial superiority whatsoever must be admitted therefore valuating these people, obliged to leave their houses to let perpetuate within the mountains the small properties held exclusively by the eldest male brothers toiling their rather modest properties but rather, instead, recording here their privileged possibility of being useful while making a living abroad, be it at the Court, or at Church, thanks to the special characteristics of the vast Spanish Empire needs to be run and administrated instead.
Some distinguished families and personages from Baztan who play significant roles in Navarrese and Spanish history are in a chronological manner:
- The Escors family. From Aquitaine, France, they established in the Kingdom of Navarre in 1234 after the Counts of Champagne inherited the throne of Navarre. They performed governmental, financial and military functions in representation of the Kings of Navarre from the 13th to the 15th century.[1][2][3]
- The mother of famous Jesuit Saint Francis Xavier, (1506–1552), an "Azpilicueta" family member of the Baztan area, was closely adscribed to' Queen regnant Catherine of Navarre, (1468 - Queen 1483, aged 15 – 1518, aged 50), the young sister inheritor of King of Navarre Francis Phoebus, (circa 1469 - tutorized King 1479, aged 10 – 1483, aged around 14), both of them grandchildren of Queen regnant Eleanor of Navarre, (Olite, Navarre (now Spain), 2 February 1426 – Tudela, Navarre (now Spain), 12 February 1479, aged 53), Regent (1455–1479) and the Queen regnant of Navarre in 1479 for only 15 days as she was crowned on 28 January 1479 in Tudela.
Priests and women took in many parts of Spain the mother family name rather than the male side family name, a "de Jaso", for Saint Francis Xavier father, a very important name, too, in the harassed Lower Navarre Court and within the "Agramonts" power party, but even so, Jesuit Francis Xavier moved afterwards in Europe, India and China close to the Portuguese Crown rather than the Court of Spain as did those keen with the "Beaumonts" power party and one of his main representatives in Upper Navarre and in Pamplona, the founder of the Jesuits, Ignacio de Loyola.
It is most curious what Queen regnant of Navarre Catherine, then aged 26, had to learn in 1495 about the death of her mother, Magdalene of Valois, (Tours, 1443 - a widow in 1470, aged 27 - Pamplona, January 1495, while being a hostage to king Fernando II of Aragon, "El Catolico", a step brother of Queen regnant Eleanor), the sister of King Louis XI of France, (1423–1483) .
After 1512, with Upper Navarre incorporated to the rest of what is now Spain, Basque people help mediating in such event, too, Queen Catherine would rule only in the little area known as Lower Navarre . In due time and with opportunisms dictated by dire needs and will of power amidst poverty, the by then called Bourbon family would manage to become "Royals", first in France, then in Spain, and later in some Italian territories during the period 1572 - 1793, broadly speaking in France and even till now in other European countries, Spain for instance.
- Miguel de Arizcun y Mendinueta, born 1691 at Elizondo, 1st Marqués de Iturbieta, 19 January 1741, by King Felipe V of Spain, Knight of the Military Order of Santiago since 1729. When he died, the title passed to his eldest brother Francisco, born 1685, who had married in Puebla de los Angeles, Mexico, 11 October 1722, Maria Josefa de Irigoyen y de la Fuente, whose parents came from Alzuza, Navarre. On returning from Mexico before 1737, they got in Madrid, October 1737, Miguel Cipriano de Arizcun e Irigoyen, III Marquis. He married a daughter of Marquis de la Vera, Pedro de Orcasitas, born in Castro Urdiales, Cantabria, Spain, Blasa Manuela de Orcasitas y Salazar, having thus the IV Marquis, born 1750 in Madrid.
The IV Marquis second marriage was in Granada, 14 July 1774, to Angela Clara de Pineda y Ramirez de Maldonado, a daughter of a very important lawyer formerly working at the actual Guatemala, Central Americas. Thus, the V Marquiss of Iturbieta, Miguel Francisco de Arizcun y Pineda was born in Pamplona, in May 1775.
This Pineda family, from the High Court of Law of Granada, grafted with the Arizcun, has plenty to see with the heroine Mariana de Pineda y Muñoz, generally known as Mariana Pineda, ( 1804 – executed May 26, 1831, aged 27) described by famous Spanish play wrighter and poet Federico García Lorca, assassinated August 1936.
- Juan Bautista Iturralde, (Arizcun, Baztan, 1674–1741), Marqués de Murillo el Cuende, title of 1739 confirming the earlier one awarded by King Carlos II of Spain, occupying a rather brief minister of the Exchequer post with King Felipe V of Spain. Born in Arizcun, Baztan, Navarra. No direct issue, married to a Munarriz woman.
- Pedro de Astrearena, II Marqués de Murillo el Cuende
- Ambrosio Agustín de Garro y Micheltorena, (1703–1785), a member of the Exchequer Council, his son here below becoming a President of the Banco de San Carlos, today Banco de España.
- Nicolás Ambrosio de Garro y Arizcun, (Madrid, 1747 - Ibidem, 20 de abril de 1825) Marqués de las Hormazas. Marqués Consorte de las Hormazas since 1767.[4]
- Juan de Goyeneche y Gastón, (Arizcun, Baztan, Navarre, 1656 - Nuevo Baztan, Madrid, April 1735). He was the treasurier and financial adviser of all the Queen Consorts of Spain since around 1680, and provided a variety of war supplies for the Spanish Army, well over 30 years, between other thigs.[5][6][7] His palace in Madrid, is now, modified, the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, Madrid.
- Juan Francisco de Goyeneche Irigoyen, Marqués de Ugena.[8]
He married Isabel Maria de la Cruz Ahedo, born in Maracaibo, now the second largest city of Venezuela. He is the brother of Juan Tomás de Goyeneche e Irigoyen, (1681–1721), both, nephews of Don Juan, the cadet brother of their father Andrés de Goyeche y Gastón, the inheritor, being the eldest male, of all the properties from Baztan.
- Francisco Miguel de Goyeneche y Balzá, Conde de Saceda. Son of the initiator of the banking family saga Don Juan, who never got any nobility titles as he seemed to be content with being just a Squire, ("hidalgo" in Spanish). Title awarded by King Felipe V of Spain, dated 17 December 1743.[9] Married Maria Antonia de Indaburu, with issue:
- Juan Javier, who get by inheritances the titles of Marquiss of Belzunce and Ugena as well as the County of Saceda and married Maria Javiera de Muzquiz with issue of two inheritors:
- Ignaci, deceased 1846, no issue, and Luis, who got another title, Count of Gausa, deceased 1849. His son José María becomes also Count Consort of Tepa, (5 titles), but there is no issue. The Goyeneche family as such disappears from the nobility listings from then on, the 5 titles going to a nephew, named Ignacio Muñoz de Baena y Goyeneche, who was through inheritances and marriage, Marquiss of Pardo Alegre, Marquiss of Ugena, Count of Saceda, Count of Gausa, Count of Tepe, and who married in Granada, Spain, Maria Teresa Velluti y Tavira, a daughter of the Marquiss of Falces and Marquiss of Torreblanca, having thus Teresa Muñoz de Baena y Velluti . Teresa, (deceased 1935), got married to Spanish General Carlos Prendergast y Roberts (deceased 1929).
Curiously enough, there is a Welsh British General in Wikipedia, Harry Prendergast, (1831–1913) who received the highest military British medal, the Victoria Cross in 1860, for galantry while in combat, in India and Burma. This is a not very common Welsh family name, too.
Therefore, daughter Ana Maria Prendergast got these titles PLUS the titles of Countess de la Cimera and Countess of Goyeneche as well, some 7 nobility titles. There were two daughters, Elena, who had married Don Matías de Oñate y Lopez and thus, a part of the titles, Countess of Saceda, went again for the successors, now as a part of the Oñate family, and Ana Maria, who was then Marchioness of Ugena.
- Francisco Javier de Goyeneche y Balzá, Marqués de Belzunce, Navarre, married to Micaela de Ovando, no issue.[10]
There is a mythic "Gaston de Belzunce" or Gaston de Belsunce in the Basque histories, reputed to have been driven off, but dying as a result of the battle: of a 3, others say 7, headed hydra at Larramendi, Gipuzkoa.[11]
Other parts of the four cartels coat of arms are two red cows, cows en gueules, because of family connections with the nearest Viscounty of Béarn, now part of France.
- Juan de Goyeneche y Aguerrevere, (Irurita-Valle de Baztán, (Navarre), 1741 - + Arequipa, Peru, 1813).[12] The descendents of this Juan de Goyeneche settled in Peru, were, and are, very important politicians and land owners, both in Peru and in Spain, some of them having been Grandees of Spain, too. For instance, one of his sons:
- José Manuel de Goyeneche y Barreda, (Arequipa, Peru, 1776 - Madrid, 1846). 1st Count of Guaqui and a Grandee of Spain, Lieutenant General of the Spanish Army.
Goyeneche ancestors of several places can be consulted at the goyeneche family website.[13]
- Miguel Gastón de Iriarte y Elizacoechea, builder of the family palace in Irurita, Baztan, Navarre.[14]
- Agustín de Jáuregui y Aldecoa, (Lecaroz, Baztan, 1711 - Lima, Peru, 27 April 1784). Captain of Dragoons at the Regimiento de Almansa, Lieutenant Coronel in the Antilles Islands, defended Cartagena de Indias, (today in Colombia, during the British attack of 1740, commanding the Regiment of Dragoons of Sagunto fighting in Portugal during the Seven Years War, (1756–1763).
Jáuregui was Governor of Chile since March 1773 under king Carlos III of Spain and later Viceroy of Peru, (1780–1784). Under his spell of power in Peru, Indian Jose Gabriel Condercanqui, a.k.a. Tupac Amaru II, (1742–1781, aged 39), was defeated by Jauregui envoy, Jose del Valle y Torres. Tupac Amaru II, his wife and other Indian leaders being then executed. There was also the 1780-1781 rebellion of the Catari tribes in High Peru, now very extensive territories of the actual Republic of Bolivia.
Viceroy of Peru Agustín de Jáuregui was substituted a few days before diying by the new Viceroy, Teodoro de Croix, (Viceroy of Peru, 1784–1790).
- Pedro de Mendinueta y Múzquiz, (Elizondo, Baztan, 7 June 1736 - Madrid, Spain, 16 February 1825). Military in the Spanish Royal Army since 1756, fought in 1762 in the campaigns of Portugal and Catalonia during the Seven Years War, (1756–1763) and in 1775 in the (failed) campaign to conquest Algier, North Africa, being promoted as Knight of the Military Order of Santiago in 1776 and as a Knight of the Order of Carlos III. In 1782 he went to the Spanish Antilles Islands with O'Reilly staying with Bernardo Gálvez in the Florida and Louisiana, moving to Mexico in 1795 to organize and improve the Spanish Army there.
- Francisco Martín Jáuregui.[15]
- Martín de Ursúa Arizmendi y Aguirre, (Arizcun, Baztan, Spain, February 1653 - Philippine Islands, 4 February 1715) first Conde de Lizárraga, title awarded by King Felipe V in April 1705.
He was Governor interim of Yucatán Province, now in Mexico accommodating the road to the actual Guatemala, linking thus the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean to improve trade and communications, doing military interventions on what has been described as the fall of the last significant independent Maya stronghold, Tayasal, located on an island in Lake Petén Itzá in the northern Petén Basin region, North of present-day Guatemala.
Although, apparently, he had been nominated in 1704 to travel to the Philippine Islands he only went there in 1709, replacing thus the former Governor of Philippines, Domingo de Zabalburu de Echeverri, who ruled 8 Sep 1701-25 August 1709).
From 25 August 1709 to the day of his death, 4 February 1715, he was Governor of Philippines, being substituted by José de Torralba who ruled till 9 August 1717. He was married to Juana Rosa Bollio y Ojeda, born at the now Mexican town of Mérida, Yucatán, daughter of a Spanish Army Captain born at Genoa, Italy. As a widow, Juana Rosa went back to Mexico, probably with the yearly Manila Galleon, a some 13,000 km. trip, marrying on 23 September 1723, powerful lawyer and political adviser Francisco de Barbadillo y Victoria, (????, Ezcaray, La Rioja, Spain- Mexico city ?, 29 December 1724).
The title seems to have been inherited by one of his brothers, and then by a cousin woman family named Irissarry.[16]
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References
- ↑ Bibliothèque Nationale, París, "Compte des baillis de Navarre, de 1283 à 1286". Manuscript Lat. 10.150, sheets 17, 52, 84 and 107
- ↑ Revista Principe de Viana. "El Principado de Viana". Juan Carrasco Perez. 195, page 191.
- ↑ Revista Principe de Viana. "Nuevos datos sobre el bedinaje de la judería de Estella (1265-1349)". Juan Carrasco. 190, page 369.
- ↑ Nicolás Ambrosio Garro y Arizcun (Spanish)
- ↑ Palomatorrijos.blogspot.com (Spanish)
- ↑ Juan de Goyeneche (Spanish)
- ↑ Nuevobaztan.org (Spanish)
- ↑ La colección de pinturas de don Juan Francisco de Goyeneche y su esposa by Encarnación Hernando Alvarez, in "Archivo español de arte", ISSN 0004-0428, vol. 63, Nº 250, (1990), pags. 331-334. PPnuevobaztan.es (Spanish)
- ↑ [http://www.alcarriaconquense.com/municipios/municipios.php?idmunicipio=46, Alcarriaconquense.com] (Spanish)
- ↑ Palomatorrijos.blogspot.com (Spanish)
- ↑ Euskomedia.org (Spanish)
- ↑ Juan de Goyeneche y Aguerrevere (Spanish)
- ↑ Goyenechefamily.com
- ↑ UNAV.es
- ↑ UNAV.es (Spanish)
- ↑ Web.archive.org
External links
- Cawley, Charles, FGM.ac, Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, retrieved August 2012,
- CTV.ex
- Baztan in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa) (Spanish)
- Guiapueblos.es
- Witchcraft investigated by the Spanish Inquisition, (relatively well carried out quite lucidly by Alonso Salazar Frias, (circa 1564 - 1636), Alonso Salazar Frias, for those times compared with the whole of Europe, during the 17th century, 1610), was performed at Zugarramurdi caves, the Urdazabi or Urdax caves as well as in Sara, France, nearby.
Out of some 300 people whose names have been recorded, males, females, girls and boys, there were some 12 comdened to the fire, mainly women. There is now a Museum of Witchcraft to remember this famous Court case, carried out at Logroño, Rioja, Spain. Night celebrations seem to be on August 18.
- Gustav Henningsen, The Witches' Advocate: Basque Witchcraft and the Spanish Inquisition (1609–1614), Nevada, (1980). University of Nevada Press, November 1980, ISBN 978-0-87417-056-6
- 607pp. We have tracked also, however: Hardcover, Publishers Association, The, ISBN 0-87417-056-7 (0-87417-056-7)
- Gustav Henningsen (ed.), The Salazar Documents: Inquisitor Alonso de Salazar Frías and Others on the Basque Witch Persecution, Hardcover, Brill Academic Publ., ISBN 90-04-13186-8 (90-04-13186-8) Leiden: Brill, (2004).