Batiniyya was originally introduced by Abu’l-Khāttāb Muhammad ibn Abu Zaynab al-Asadī and later developed by Maymun al-Qāddāh and his son ʿAbd Allāh ibn Maymun for the interpretation of Qur'an. It might sometimes be exploited as a pejorative term to refer to those groups, such as Alevism, Ismailism, and often Sufism, which distinguish between an inner, esoteric (Batini) level of meaning in the Quran, in addition to the outer, exoteric level of meaning Zahiri, as well. Batini ta’wil is the name given to the exegesis of the esoteric knowledge which rests with the Imam, or with the Shaykh/Pir in Sufism.
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