Basic Treaty, 1972

The Basic Treaty (German: Grundlagenvertrag) is the shorthand name for the Treaty concerning the basis of relations between the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic (German: Vertrag über die Grundlagen der Beziehungen zwischen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik). The Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic (GDR) recognized each other as sovereign states for the first time, an abandonment of West Germany's Hallstein Doctrine in favor of Ostpolitik.

After the entry into force of the Four-Power Agreement from 1971, both states began negotiations over a Basic Treaty. Like the Transit Agreement of 1972, the discussions were led by the Under-Secretaries of State Egon Bahr (for the Federal Republic of Germany) and Michael Kohl (for the German Democratic Republic). As part of the Ostpolitik of Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt, the treaty was signed on December 21, 1972 in East Berlin. It was ratified the next year in West Germany, despite opposition from hard-line conservatives. It came into effect in June 1973.

The signing of the treaty paved the way for both German nations to be recognised by the international community. Diplomatic relations were opened between the German Democratic Republic and:

• Australia (December 1972),
• the United Kingdom, France and the Netherlands (February 1973),
• the United States of America (December 1974).

Both German nations were also admitted to the United Nations on 18 September 1973.

Under the terms of the Treaty in 1972, the two states established de facto embassies known as "permanent missions",^[1] headed by "permanent representatives", who served as de facto ambassadors.^[2] West Germany, maintaining (in theory) a claim of exclusive mandate, sent its first permanent representative in February 1974, but formal diplomatic relations were never established.

See also

• Treaty of Moscow, 1970
• Transit Agreement (1972)
• Four Power Agreement on Berlin

References

• Basic Treaty between the Federal Republic of Germany and the GDR (December 21, 1972) on the German Historical Institute Website

Further reading

• Address by the Chancellor of the FRG, Helmut Schmidt (PDF) to the third stage of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, Helsinki, 20 July to 1 August 1975

References