Barychelidae
| Brushed-footed trap-door spiders | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Sason robustum with nest | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Suborder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Infraorder: | Tuberculotae |
| Superfamily: | Barycheloidea |
| Family: | Barychelidae Simon, 1889 |
| Genera | |
|
Barychelus | |
| Diversity | |
| 44 genera, c. 300 species | |
 | |
The brushed trapdoor spiders (family Barychelidae) are a spider family with about 300 species in 44 genera.[1] This family is the only family in superfamily Barycheloidea.[2]
Most spiders in this family build trapdoor burrows. There are some species that avoid flooding by plugging their nests. Others can avoid drowning by trapping air bubbles within the hairs covering their bodies. Some members of this group have a rake on the front surface of their chelicerae used for compacting burrow walls.[3]
The about 10 mm long Idioctis builds its about 5 cm deep burrow just below high tide level, and seals it with a thin trapdoor. The about 20 mm long Sipalolasma builds its burrow in rotted wood, with a hinged trapdoor at each end of the burrow.[4]
Like the Theraphosidae (tarantulas), they can run up glass. Some species can stridulate.[5] However, unlike stridulation in the theraphosid Selenocosmiinae, barychelid stridulation, based as it is on very weak lyra, is not audible to man.
Distribution
Barychelids are found in Australia, New Caledonia, South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, New Guinea, and Pacific islands.[1]
Systematics
The classification into subfamilies follows Raven (1985, 1994).[5][6]
- Barychelinae
- Atrophothele Pocock, 1903 — Socotra
- Aurecocrypta Raven, 1994 — Australia
- Barycheloides Raven, 1994 — New Caledonia
- Barychelus Simon, 1889 — New Caledonia
- Cyphonisia Simon, 1889 — Africa
- Cyrtogrammomma Pocock, 1895 — Guyana
- Diplothele O. P-Cambridge, 1890 — India
- Encyocrypta Simon, 1889 — New Caledonia
- Fijocrypta Raven, 1994 — Fiji
- Idioctis L. Koch, 1874 — Madagascar, Oceania, Australia, Seychelles
- Idiommata Ausserer, 1871 — Australia
- Idiophthalma O. P.-Cambridge, 1877 — South America
- Mandjelia Raven, 1994 — Australia
- Monodontium Kulczynski, 1908 — New Guinea
- Moruga Raven, 1994 — Australia
- Natgeogia Raven, 1994 — New Caledonia
- Nihoa Raven & Churchill, 1992 — Oceania
- Orstom Raven, 1994 — New Caledonia
- Ozicrypta Raven, 1994 — Australia
- Pisenor Simon, 1889 — Africa
- Plagiobothrus Karsch, 1891 — Sri Lanka
- Questocrypta Raven, 1994 — New Caledonia
- Rhianodes Raven, 1985 — Southeast Asia
- Seqocrypta Raven, 1994 — Australia
- Strophaeus Ausserer, 1875 — Peru, Brazil
- Synothele Simon, 1908 — Australia
- Tigidia Simon, 1892 — Madagascar, Mauritius
- Trittame L. Koch, 1874 — Australia
- Tungari Raven, 1994 — Australia
- Zophorame Raven, 1990 — Australia
- Zophoryctes Simon, 1902 — Madagascar
- Sasoninae
- Cosmopelma Simon, 1889 — Brazil, Venezuela
- Neodiplothele Mello-Leitão, 1917 — Brazil
- Paracenobiopelma Feio, 1952 — Brazil
- Sason Simon, 1887 — Australasia
- Trichopelmatinae[7]
- Psalistops Simon, 1889 — Central to South America
- Trichopelma Simon, 1888 — Caribic, South America
See also
- List of Barychelidae species
- Spider families
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Platnick 2008
- ↑ Raven, R.J. 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182: 1-180.
- ↑ Herbert W. Levi and Lorna R. Levi, Spiders and Their Kin,, p. 20
- ↑ Murphy & Murphy 2000
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Raven, R.J. 1994 Mygalomorph spiders of the Barychelidae in Australia and the Western Pacific. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 35(2): 291-706.
- ↑ Raven, R.J. 1985. The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182: 1-180.
- ↑ Raven, R.J. 1985. The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182: 1-180.
References
- Raven, Robert John (1985). The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 182: 1-180.
- Raven, R.J. (1986): A revision of the spider genus Sason Simon (Sasoninae, Barychelidae, Mygalomorphae) and its historical biogeography. Journal of Arachnology 14: 47-70. PDF
- Valerio, CE. (1986): Mygalomorph spiders in the Barychelidae (Araneae) from Costa Rica. J. Arachnol. 14: 93-99. PDF (Psalistops venadensis, Trichopelma laselva)
- Murphy, Frances & Murphy, John (2000): An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur.
- Schwendinger, P.J. (2003): Two new species of the arboreal trapdoor spider genus Sason (Araneae, Barychelidae) from Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 51(2): 197-207. PDF (S. sundaicum, S. andamanicum)
- Platnick, Norman I. (2008): The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.
External links
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