Bamfield, British Columbia

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Location of Bamfield, British Columbia

Bamfield is a community that is surrounded by Crown Land, Indian Reserves, and portions of the Pacific Rim National Park, located on Barkley Sound, Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The community, with a population of 155 as of 2011,[1] is divided by Bamfield Inlet.

History

The motor lifeboat stationed at Bamfield in 1907.

Bamfield was populated by Huu-ay-aht of the Nuu-chah-nulth, the local indigenous people. Europeans founded a small fishing community sometime in the late 1800s. Most of the indigenous people now live in the neighboring village of Anacla about 5 kilometers from Bamfield.

Bamfield was named after the first government agent of the area, William Eddy Banfield. The name "Bamfield" with an "m" is said to be either due to how the local first nations people had trouble pronouncing the letter n in his name, or a mistake made by the postal organization. In 1902, the Bamfield cable station was constructed as the western terminus of a worldwide undersea telegraph cable called by some the All Red Line as it passed only through countries and territories controlled by the British Empire, which were coloured red on the map. The cable initially went to Fanning Island, a tiny coral atoll in the mid-Pacific, and from there continued to Fiji, New Zealand, and Australia. A second building, made of concrete was built on the site in 1926 to replace the old wood structure. This building, designated a historic site in 1930, is now used by the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre.

A Marine and Fisheries lifesaving station on the Pacific coast was established at Bamfield in 1907.[2] It was the first lifesaving station on Canada's Pacific Coast.

In 1953 the cable was extended up the Alberni Inlet to Port Alberni and the local station was closed on June 20, 1959. Following the closure, only the large concrete building, two cable storage tanks and an adjacent building survived, as all the rest were demolished.

Canadian Coast Guard Station Bamfield and CCGS Cape McKay as seen from Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre
In 1968, the National Research Council asked five western Canadian universities (University of British Columbia, University of Victoria, University of Calgary, University of Alberta and Simon Fraser University) to propose the best location for a marine biology station on the Pacific Coast. Although Victoria was the earlier winner, a feasibility study tendered in 1969 recommended Bamfield as the better location. The former cable station property was purchased in 1969 and a formal structure for the management and development of the station was created in 1970 when the five universities ratified a Constitution and joined the Western Canadian Universities Marine Biological Society. In 1971, development began to convert the site into a research station. With most of the physical facilities completed, the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre began operations by the end of 1972. It became the largest employer in the community since.
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Commercial fishing was based in Bamfield up to the mid-1980s. Bamfield is now home to several sport fishing lodges, which pursue primarily salmon and halibut. Bamfield is also the northern terminus of the West Coast Trail, a hiking trail built in 1907 along the west coast of Vancouver Island to help survivors of the area's many shipwrecks find their way back to civilization. The trail runs 77 km (48 mi) kilometres along extremely rugged terrain.

Today Bamfield is primarily a tourist destination, either for the West Coast Trail, ocean kayaking or sport fishing. The research activities at the Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre attracts hundreds of researchers every year. The Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre also offers credited university courses through its five associated universities. An out reach program, which provides multi-day immersion field trips for school, college and adult learners, also bring thousands of visitors to the community every year.

Climate

Climate data for Bamfield
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.0
(64.4)		 19.4
(66.9)		 21.7
(71.1)		 25.0
(77)		 31.5
(88.7)		 32.8
(91)		 31.7
(89.1)		 32.0
(89.6)		 31.0
(87.8)		 27.5
(81.5)		 20.0
(68)		 16.5
(61.7)		 32.8
(91)
Average high °C (°F) 7.8
(46)		 9.0
(48.2)		 10.3
(50.5)		 12.0
(53.6)		 14.3
(57.7)		 16.0
(60.8)		 18.1
(64.6)		 18.8
(65.8)		 18.1
(64.6)		 14.1
(57.4)		 10.0
(50)		 7.7
(45.9)		 13.0
(55.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.8
(40.6)		 5.6
(42.1)		 6.5
(43.7)		 8.1
(46.6)		 10.6
(51.1)		 12.6
(54.7)		 14.4
(57.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 13.6
(56.5)		 10.2
(50.4)		 6.8
(44.2)		 4.8
(40.6)		 9.4
(48.9)
Average low °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1)		 2.1
(35.8)		 2.6
(36.7)		 4.1
(39.4)		 6.8
(44.2)		 9.1
(48.4)		 10.6
(51.1)		 10.8
(51.4)		 9.1
(48.4)		 6.3
(43.3)		 3.5
(38.3)		 1.8
(35.2)		 5.7
(42.3)
Record low °C (°F) −9.4
(15.1)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −2.2
(28)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 2.2
(36)		 4.4
(39.9)		 4.0
(39.2)		 0.0
(32)		 −3.5
(25.7)		 −9.0
(15.8)		 −10.6
(12.9)		 −10.6
(12.9)
Precipitation mm (inches) 387.7
(15.264)		 344.0
(13.543)		 321.7
(12.665)		 205.1
(8.075)		 144.8
(5.701)		 105.5
(4.154)		 61.2
(2.409)		 75.1
(2.957)		 102.9
(4.051)		 290.6
(11.441)		 443.4
(17.457)		 407.3
(16.035)		 2,889.2
(113.748)
Rainfall mm (inches) 381.6
(15.024)		 339.5
(13.366)		 320.0
(12.598)		 205.0
(8.071)		 144.8
(5.701)		 105.5
(4.154)		 61.2
(2.409)		 75.1
(2.957)		 102.9
(4.051)		 290.6
(11.441)		 441.2
(17.37)		 402.1
(15.831)		 2,869.4
(112.969)
Snowfall cm (inches) 6.1
(2.4)		 4.5
(1.77)		 1.8
(0.71)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.1
(0.04)		 2.3
(0.91)		 5.1
(2.01)		 19.9
(7.83)
Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 21.0 19.2 20.5 18.1 14.2 11.9 8.0 7.8 10.3 17.5 22.3 21.7 192.5
Avg. rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) 20.4 18.9 20.4 18.1 14.2 11.9 8.0 7.8 10.3 17.5 22.1 21.0 190.7
Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) 1.5 1.2 0.78 0.04 0 0 0 0 0 0.04 0.50 1.7 5.7
Source: Environment Canada[3]


References

  1. ↑ Population of Bamfield. 2001 Census data.
  2. ↑ Thomas E. Appleton (2008-03-31). "USQUE AD MARE: A History of the Canadian Coast Guard and Marine Services". Canadian Coast Guard. Archived from the original on 2010-01-04. 
  3. ↑ Environment Canada—Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000, Retrieved 23 August 2012

External links

Communities on Vancouver Island

Coordinates: 48°49′49″N 125°8′15″W / 48.83028°N 125.13750°W / 48.83028; -125.13750

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