Baltika (icebreaker)

Float-out of Baltika on 18 January 2014
Career
Name:	Baltika
Owner:	Rosmorrechflot (Росморречфлот)[note 1]
Operator:	FGI Gosmorspassluzhba[note 2]
Port of registry:	Saint Petersburg,  Russia
Ordered:	8 December 2011
Builder:	Arctech Helsinki Shipyard, Finland Shipyard Yantar JSC, Kaliningrad
Cost:	76 million euro[1]
Yard number:	508[2]
Laid down:	6 July 2012[3]
Launched:	12 December 2013[4]
Completed:	2014 (planned)
Identification:	IMO number: 9649237[5]
Status:	Under construction
General characteristics [2]
Type:	Icebreaker
Tonnage:	3,800 GT 1,150 DWT
Length:	76.4 m (251 ft)
Beam:	20.5 m (67 ft) (maximum)
Draught:	6.3 m (21 ft) (design)
Ice class:	RMRS Icebreaker6
Installed power:	Three diesel generators (3 × 3,000 kW)
Propulsion:	Diesel-electric; three azimuth thrusters (3 × 2.5 MW)
Speed:	14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) (open water) 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) in 1 m (3.3 ft) ice
Range:	4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km; 5,200 mi)
Endurance:	20 days
Capacity:	380 square metres (4,100 sq ft) cargo deck
Crew:	24; accommodation for 36
Aviation facilities:	Helideck

Baltika is a Russian icebreaker currently under construction at Arctech Helsinki Shipyard in Helsinki, Finland. She is the first ship ever built with an asymmetric hull that allows her to operate not only ahead and astern, but also obliquely (sideways) with a large angle of attack. In this way, the relatively small oblique icebreaker is capable of opening a wide channel in ice for large merchant ships.

The vessel is scheduled for delivery to FGI Gosmorspassluzhba, the Russian Marine Emergency Rescue Service, in early 2014.

Development and construction

The development of the oblique icebreaker concept dates back to 1997, when the engineers at Kværner Masa-Yards Arctic Technology Centre (MARC) came up with a new way of assisting large tankers in ice-infested waters. Traditionally, escorting large ships up to 40 metres (130 ft) wide required two conventional icebreakers with a beam of 23–25 metres (75–82 ft), a practice that was not very efficient and economical. The solution was a triangle-shaped vessel with three azimuth thrusters in the "corners" pushing the asymmetric hull with a 50-degree angle of attack—almost sideways—in ice to open a 50-metre (160 ft) channel behind the vessel. Model tests in an ice tank showed that the proposed concept was feasible^[6][7] and the concept was patented.^[8] The development of the oblique icebreaker as continued by MARC and its successor, Aker Arctic, together with ABB and the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes). The result was a vessel concept referred to as ARC 100, an oblique icebreaker that could also be used for oil spill response operations.^[9]

On 8 December 2011, Arctech Helsinki Shipyard signed a 76 million euro contract with the Russian Ministry of Transport for the construction of an icebreaking multipurpose emergency and rescue vessel for the Federal Agency for Maritime and River Transport of Russia. The vessel is designed to be capable of opening a 50-metre (160 ft) channel in 60-centimetre (2.0 ft) ice when going sideways. Initially, the hull of the first oblique icebreaker ever built was to be produced by Shipyard Yantar JSC, a shipyard owned by the United Shipbuilding Corporation that also owns half of the Finnish shipyard, in Kaliningrad. The steel production began on 24 April 2012^[10] and the keel was laid on 6 July 2012.^[3] However, instead of launching the unfinished hull in Kaliningrad and towing it to Helsinki for outfitting, the blocks were transported to Helsinki and the hull was assembled in Finland.^[11] The first blocks arrived on a barge on 9 April 2013 and the hull assembly started in June.^[12] The vessel was launched on 12 December 2013 and christened Baltika. She was floated out for outfitting on 18 January 2014 and will be ready for delivery in the spring of 2014.^[2]

Baltika will be operated by FGI Gosmorspassluzhba, the Russian Marine Emergency Rescue Service.^[4] She is one of four icebreaking salvage vessels currently under construction for Russia. The other three are of the more conventional MPSV06 type. Two vessels are under construction at Nordic Yards Wismar and scheduled for delivery in the spring of 2015. The fourth one, Spasatel Petr Gruzinskiy, was reportedly launched in 2010 by Amur Shipbuilding Plant, but has not been delivered yet.^[13]

Design

General characteristics

Baltika is 76.4 metres (251 ft) long overall and 72.1 metres (237 ft) at the waterline, and has a maximum beam of 20.5 metres (67 ft). Her draught at design waterline is 6.3 metres (21 ft) and the corresponding deadweight tonnage 1,150 tons. She is served by a crew of 24 and has accommodation for 12 additional personnel.^[2]

A true multipurpose vessel, Baltika is designed for icebreaking operations in harbours and adjacent waters. In addition, she can be utilized for towing of vessels and floating facilities in an emergency, extinguish external fires and perform various salvage and rescue operations. In case of oil spill, the vertical side of the asymmetric hull can be used as a large sweeping arm that guides oil floating on the surface to a built-in skimmer as the vessel moves obliquely through the oil slick.^[2]

The ship is classified by the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Her ice class, Icebreaker6, requires the vessel to be capable of operating in level ice with a thickness of 1 metre (3.3 ft) in a continuous motion and strengthened for navigation in non-Arctic waters where ice can be up to 1.5 metres (5 ft) thick.^[14]

Power and propulsion

The icebreaker has a diesel-electric propulsion system built around the power plant principle in which the main generators provide electricity for all shipboard consumers, including the propulsion system. The vessel has three main generators, each producing 3,000 kW (4,000 hp) and capable of running on low sulphur fuel oil. The vessel is propelled by three 2.5 MW azimuth thrusters, two in the stern and one in the bow.^[2]

The vessel is capable of moving in 1-metre (3.3 ft) level ice at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph) in both ahead and astern directions. When operating in oblique mode, she can open a 50-metre (160 ft) channel in 60-centimetre (2.0 ft) ice. In open water, the service speed of the vessel is 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph) and operational range 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km; 5,200 mi).^[2]

Notes

References