Baizhang Huaihai

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Part of a series on
Zen Buddhism

Baizhang Huaihai (Chinese: 百丈懷海; pinyin: Bǎizhàng Huáihái; Wade-Giles: Pai-chang Huai-hai; Japanese: Hyakujō Ekai) (720–814) was a Chinese Zen master during the Tang Dynasty. He was a dharma heir of Mazu Daoyi (Wade-Giles: Ma-tsu Tao-i). Baizhang's students included Huangbo, Linji and Puhua.

Monastic rules

According to traditional Chan/Zen accounts, Baizhang established an early set of rules for Chan (Chinese Zen) monastic discipline, the Pure Rules of Baizhang (Chinese: 百丈清規; pinyin: Bǎizhàng qīngguī; Wade–Giles: Pai-chang ch'ing-kuei),[1][2][3]Korean: 백장청규[4]) It was practiced in Ta-chih shou-sheng ch'an-ssu (Jp. Daichijusho-zenji), founded by Baizhang. This monastery contained a monks hall, an innovation which became typical for Chán:

During periods of ascetic practice the monks would sleep on the same straw mat on which they sat in meditation and on which, according to defined ritual, they took their meals. Both the lifestyle Pai-chang spelled out as well as the architectural form of his monastery became models for later Zen monasteries".[5]

Some believe these rules developed much later in Chan history, and are agreed by the monks Taixu and Hsu Yun.[6][7]

As the Zen monks farmed, it helped them to survive the Great Anti-Buddhist Persecution more than other sects which relied more on donations. These rules are still used today in many Zen monasteries. From this text comes the well-known saying "A day without work is a day without food" (一日不做一日不食 "One day not work, one day not eat").

Teachings

Baizhang's teachings and sayings have been translated by Thomas Cleary in Sayings and Doings of Pai-Chang.[8]

The Zen Teachings of Instaneous Awakening[9] has been attributed by some to Baizhang Huaihai, but was in fact a work by his dharma brother, Ta-chu Hui-hai

The Wild fox koan is attributed to Baizhang.

See also

  • Buddhism in China

References

  1. ↑ 《百丈清规》初探
  2. ↑ 不立佛殿，唯樹法堂－－唐代叢林的生活規範
  3. ↑ Dumoulin 2005-A, p. 170.
  4. ↑ http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=72907 백장청규
  5. ↑ Dumoulin 2005-A, p. 171.
  6. ↑ 论人间佛教的现代品格
  7. ↑ 虛雲和尚法彙—規約
  8. ↑ Cleary 1978
  9. ↑ John Blofeld (1987), The Zen Teachings of Instaneous Awakening. Buddhist Publishing Group, Totnes

Sources

  • Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005-A), Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China, World Wisdom Books, ISBN 9780941532891 
  • Ichimura, Shōhei (2006). "The Baizhang Zen monastic regulations", Berkeley, Calif: Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, ISBN 1-886439-25-7.

Further reading

  • Yifa (2004), The Origins of Buddhist Monastic Codes in China: An Annotated Translation and Study of the Chanyuan qinggui. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. Review by Jiang Wu
Buddhist titles
Preceded by
Mazu Daoyi		 Rinzai Zen patriarch Succeeded by
Huangbo Xiyun
Tang Dynasty Buddhists
Authority control
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.