Bailout bottle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bailout bottle

Filling a spare air bailout cylinder
Other names Bailout cylinder, emergency gas supply
Uses Emergency supply of breathing gas
Related items Pony bottle

A bailout bottle, bailout cylinder or emergency gas supply (EGS) is a scuba cylinder carried by an underwater diver for use as an emergency supply of breathing gas in the event of a primary gas supply failure. A bailout cylinder may be carried by a scuba diver in addition to the primary scuba set, or by a surface supplied diver using either free-flow or demand systems.[1] The bailout gas is not intended for use during the dive except in an emergency.

In solo diving, a buddy bottle is a bailout cylinder carried as a substitute for an emergency gas supply from a diving buddy.

Bailout cylinders for use with scuba

For scuba, a "bailout bottle" or "self-contained ascent bottle" is a small diving cylinder meant to be used as an alternate air source to allow a controlled ascent with any required decompression, in place of a controlled emergency swimming ascent, which will not allow required decompression. A pony bottle is an example of a bailout cylinder which has a standard diving regulator with first and second stages. There are also significantly smaller cylinders which have the first stage — and in the smallest models also the second stage — integrated into the cylinder valve itself.[2] A well-known example of this class of bailout bottle is the Spare Air set, which can supply a few breaths to allow the diver to ascend at a safe rate, but not enough to do a decompression stop. This type of bailout bottle is typically placed in a holster that is attached to the diver.[3]

Since their introduction in the 1980s, "Spare Air" bailout bottles have been the subject of debate within the diving community. The argument against them is that they do not have sufficient capacity to get a diver in many emergency situations back to the surface safely, and thus cause divers to feel a false sense of safety. The argument in favour is that "Spare Air" bottles are both less bulky and less complicated than pony bottles and that some air is better than none if a diver is in an emergency.[3]

A review carried out by Scuba Diving magazine attempted to give a sense of from what depth bailout bottles of various capacities could get divers to the surface under maximum safe ascent rates, though the review cautioned that the reviewers were in controlled conditions and thus could not replicate the circumstances of an actual panicked diver. The review found that a 1.7-cubic-foot (0.24 L) bottle had sufficient air to get the reviewing diver from 45 feet (14 m) to the surface; a 3-cubic-foot (0.4 L) bottle from a depth of 70 feet (21 m); and a 6-cubic-foot (0.8 L) bottle from the maximum reviewed depth of 132 feet (40 m), which is the maximum depth recommended for recreational dives in some parts of the world.[3]

A bailout cylinder is defined by its function, and may be carried in any convenient way. The small "Spare Air" type is commonly carried in a pocket type holster which is strapped to the harness where it can easily be reached, usually somewhere on the front of a jacket style buoyancy compensator. Larger bailout cylinders may be strapped to the back cylinder, (see Pony bottle), or suspended from the harness D-rings along the side of the diver as a side-mount, or sling cylinder.

Bailout cylinders for use with surface supplied equipment

For commercial diving using surface supplied breathing gas, the bailout cylinder is in many cases required by health and safety legislation[4] and approved codes of practice[5] as an obligatory component of the diving system. In this application the intention is that the bailout cylinder should hold sufficient breathing gas for the diver to be able to reach a place of safety where more breathing gas is available, such as the surface or a diving bell. To achieve this the cylinder must contain enough gas to allow decompression if that is included in the planned dive profile. Cylinder volumes are generally at least 7 litres, and may in some cases be as much as twin 12-litre sets.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Larn, Richard and Whistler, Rex. 1993 Commercial Diving Manual, 3rd ed. David and Charles, Newton Abbott. ISBN 0-7153-0100-4
  2. ↑ "Bailout Bottle". scuba-info.com. Retrieved 28 April 2010. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Bailout Bottles". Scuba Diving. Bonnier Corporation. October 18, 2006. Retrieved 28 April 2010.  – Publishers of Scuba Diving magazine.
  4. ↑ Diving Regulations, 2009 Notice No. R. 41-Government Gazette No. 32907 dated 29 January 2010, Government printer, Pretoria
  5. ↑ The International Marine Contractors Association, October 2007. IMCA International Code of Practice for Offshore Diving IMCA D 014 Rev. 1, http://www.imca-int.com/documents/divisions/diving/docs/IMCAD014.pdf
Underwater breathing apparatus
Surface supplied equipment
Scuba open circuit
Rebreathers
Full face masks
and helmets
Related
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike; additional terms may apply for the media files.