Anne Vavasour

Anne Vavasour
Portrait of Anne Vavasour, attributed to John de Critz, c.1605
Born	c.1560 Tadcaster, Copmanthorpe, Yorkshire, England
Died	c.1650
Occupation	Maid of Honour
Known for	Mistress of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, and later Sir Henry Lee of Ditchley Protagonist of Earl of Oxford's poem, Anne Vavasour's Echo
Religion	Church of England
Spouse(s)	John Finch John Richardson
Children	Edward de Vere (illegitimate) Thomas Lee (illegitimate)
Parents	Henry Vavasour Margaret Knyvet

Anne Vavasour (c.1560 – c.1650) was a Maid of Honour (1580–81)^[1]) to Queen Elizabeth I of England, and the mistress of two aristocratic men. Her first lover was Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, by whom she had an illegitimate son – Edward. For that offence, both she and the earl were sent to the Tower of London by the orders of the Queen. She later became the mistress of Sir Henry Lee of Ditchley, by whom she had another illegitimate son.

By 1590, she had married a sea captain by the name of John Finch. She later married John Richardson, while her first husband was still alive; and as a consequence, she was brought up before the High Commission on a charge of bigamy, for which she had to pay a fine of £2000; however, she was spared having to perform a public penance.

She was the inspiration, protagonist, and possibly the actual author, of the poem, Anne Vavasour's Echo, though her lover the Earl of Oxford is more commonly identified as its author.

Family

Anne was born circa 1560, the daughter of Henry Vavasour of Tadcaster, Copmanthorpe, Yorkshire, and Margaret Knyvet. Anne's maternal uncle was Sir Thomas Knyvet, 1st Baron Knyvet. It was this family connection which likely secured her a place at court as one of Queen Elizabeth's Ladies of the Bedchamber.^[2] Her younger sister, Frances (1568 – c.1606), was also at court as a Maid of Honour to the Queen (1590–91), and who in 1591, secretly married Sir Thomas Shirley.^[3] Her younger brother, Thomas, also made a career at court and became embroiled in her scandals, at one point challenging the Earl of Oxford to a duel but which does not appear to have taken place.^[4]

Earl of Oxford's mistress

Shortly after her arrival at court, she became the mistress of Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, who was married to Anne Cecil, the daughter of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, the Queen's most trusted advisor. Oxford had separated from his wife in 1576.

On 23 March 1581, Anne gave birth to Oxford's illegitimate son, Edward,^[5][6] which resulted in their imprisonment in the Tower of London by the command of Queen Elizabeth. Oxford was released several months later, but was banished from court until June 1583. He had reconciled with his wife, Anne Cecil in January 1582.

Their love affair also led to open skirmishes and duels in the streets of London, between Oxford and Anne's uncle, Thomas Knyvet, which on one occasion led to the wounding of both men, and the death of one of Oxford's men.

Though her child, baptised Edward Vere, would survive to manhood, Oxford took no responsibility for his upbringing or education, and the boy was raised by Anne. In later years her son became a protégé of Oxford's cousin, Sir Francis Vere.

Bigamy

Sometime before 1590, Anne married a sea captain by the name of John Finch. Around this time, she had also taken another lover, Sir Henry Lee, Master of the Royal Armouries, by whom she had another illegitimate son, Thomas.^[7] They lived openly together at his manor of Ditchley. The Queen apparently approved of their liaison, as the couple entertained her at Ditchley House in September 1592.^[8] In 1605, Lee pensioned off Finch, and left Anne an income of £700 per year in his will, some property, and instructions for their joint burial in the tomb he had had erected for them in Quarrendon, Buckinghamshire. He had written an epitaph for the tomb which described her as having been: "a fair and worthy Dame".^[9] They remained together until his death in 1611. Anne outlived Sir Henry, but was forced to engage in a series of legal battles with Sir Henry's son over the property he had left her.

By 1618, she had married a second time to John Richardson, although John Finch was still living. She was therefore brought up before the High Commission on 8 August 1618 and charged with bigamy. On 1 February 1622, she was ordered to pay a fine of £2000, however she was spared the ordeal of performing a public penance.

She died in about 1650 at the advanced age of 90, and was buried at Quarrendon, near Aylesbury, in a chapel of which only a remnant of the outer wall now remains. Sir Henry's monument showed him lying down in armour with an effigy of Anne kneeling at his feet.^[10]

Poems

There are speculations that she was the author of the poem, Anne Vavasour's Echo which has been attributed to the Earl of Oxford, Edward de Vere.^[11] The poem is written as if spoken by her as a series of questions. The last word of each line she says is echoed as the answer: e.g. "'who was the first that bred me to this fever?' echo: 'vere'". In some manuscripts the poem is attributed to Anne herself. Another poem, "Though I seem strange sweet friend", also spoken in a woman's voice, appears as her work in some manuscripts.^[12]

References