The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). It was first awarded at the 1st Academy Awards ceremony, held in 1929; Emil Jannings received the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh and it is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a leading role while working within the film industry.[1] Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy.[2]
In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories. At that time, all of their work during the qualifying period (as many as three films, in some cases) was listed after the award.[3] However, during the 3rd ceremony held in 1930, only one of those films was cited in each winner's final award, even though each of the acting winners had two films following their names on the ballots.[4] The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a specific performance in a single film.[3] Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year.[3]
Since its inception, the award has been given to 76 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis was the most recent winner in this category for his role in Lincoln. At the ceremony held in 2013, Day-Lewis also became the first actor to win in this category three times, surpassing Marlon Brando, Gary Cooper, Tom Hanks, Dustin Hoffman, Fredric March, Jack Nicholson, Sean Penn, and Spencer Tracy who all have two wins. Tracy and Laurence Olivier have been nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor.[5]
Winners and nominees
In the following tables, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of film release in Los Angeles County; the ceremonies are always held the following year.[6][7] For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31.[8] For the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1, 1932 to December 31, 1933.[8] Since the 7th ceremony held in 1935, the period of eligibility became the full previous calendar year from January 1 to December 31.[8]
![A man wearing a beige top.](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/J/e/f/f/Jeff_Bridges_by_Gage_Skidmore_2.jpg)
Jeff Bridges won in 2009 for his performance in
Crazy Heart.
Key |
Explanation |
![double-dagger](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Indicates the winning actor |
Year |
Actor |
Film |
Role |
Ref |
1927/28 (1st) |
Emil Jannings![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Last Command The Way of All Flesh |
Grand Duke Sergius Alexander August Schilling |
[1] |
Richard Barthelmess |
The Noose The Patent Leather Kid |
Nickie Elkins Patent Leather Kid |
1928/29 (2nd) |
Warner Baxter![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
In Old Arizona |
The Cisco Kid |
[6] |
George Bancroft |
Thunderbolt |
Thunderbolt Jim Lang |
Chester Morris |
Alibi |
Chick Williams (No. 1065) |
Paul Muni |
The Valiant |
James Dyke |
Lewis Stone |
The Patriot |
Count Pahlen |
1929/30 (3rd) |
George Arliss [A] |
Disraeli |
Benjamin Disraeli |
[7] |
George Arliss[A] |
The Green Goddess |
The Raja of Rukh |
Wallace Beery |
The Big House |
'Machine Gun' Butch Schmidt |
Maurice Chevalier[A] |
The Big Pond The Love Parade |
Pierre Mirande Count Alfred Renard |
Ronald Colman[A] |
Bulldog Drummond Condemned |
Capt. Hugh 'Bulldog' Drummond Michel |
Lawrence Tibbett |
The Rogue Song |
Yegor |
1930/31 (4th) |
Lionel Barrymore![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
A Free Soul |
Stephen Ashe |
[9] |
Jackie Cooper |
Skippy |
Skippy Skinner |
Richard Dix |
Cimarron |
Yancey Cravat |
Fredric March |
The Royal Family of Broadway |
Tony Cavendish |
Adolphe Menjou |
The Front Page |
Walter Burns |
1931/32 (5th) |
Wallace Beery [B] |
The Champ |
Andy "Champ" Purcell |
[10] |
Fredric March [B] |
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde |
Dr. Henry L. Jekyll/Edward Hyde |
Alfred Lunt |
The Guardsman |
The Actor |
1932/33 (6th) |
Charles Laughton![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Private Life of Henry VIII |
King Henry VIII of England |
[2] |
Leslie Howard |
Berkeley Square |
Peter Standish |
Paul Muni |
I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang |
James Allen |
1934 (7th) |
Clark Gable![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
It Happened One Night |
Peter Warne |
[11] |
Frank Morgan |
The Affairs of Cellini |
Alessandro - Duke of Florence |
William Powell |
The Thin Man |
Nick Charles |
1935 (8th) |
Victor McLaglen![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Informer |
Gypo Nolan |
[12] |
Clark Gable |
Mutiny on the Bounty |
Fletcher Christian |
Charles Laughton |
Mutiny on the Bounty |
William Bligh |
Franchot Tone |
Mutiny on the Bounty |
Roger Byam |
Paul Muni[C] |
Black Fury |
Joe Radek |
1936 (9th) |
Paul Muni![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Story of Louis Pasteur |
Louis Pasteur |
[13] |
Gary Cooper |
Mr. Deeds Goes to Town |
Longfellow Deeds |
Walter Huston |
Dodsworth |
Sam Dodsworth |
William Powell |
My Man Godfrey |
Godfrey Park |
Spencer Tracy |
San Francisco |
Father Tim Mullin |
1937 (10th) |
Spencer Tracy![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Captains Courageous |
Manuel |
[14] |
Charles Boyer |
Conquest |
Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte |
Fredric March |
A Star Is Born |
Norman Maine |
Robert Montgomery |
Night Must Fall |
Danny |
Paul Muni |
The Life of Émile Zola |
Émile Zola |
1938 (11th) |
Spencer Tracy![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Boys Town |
Father Flanagan |
[15] |
Charles Boyer |
Algiers |
Pepe le Moko |
James Cagney |
Angels with Dirty Faces |
Rocky Sullivan |
Robert Donat |
The Citadel |
Dr. Andrew Manson |
Leslie Howard |
Pygmalion |
Professor Henry Higgins |
1939 (12th) |
Robert Donat![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Goodbye, Mr. Chips |
Charles Edward Chipping |
[16] |
Clark Gable |
Gone with the Wind |
Rhett Butler |
Laurence Olivier |
Wuthering Heights |
Heathcliff |
Mickey Rooney |
Babes in Arms |
Mickey Moran |
James Stewart |
Mr. Smith Goes to Washington |
Jefferson Smith |
1940 (13th) |
James Stewart![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Philadelphia Story |
Macaulay "Mike" Connor |
[17] |
Charlie Chaplin |
The Great Dictator |
Adenoid Hynkel (Dictator of Tomania) A Jewish Barber |
Henry Fonda |
The Grapes of Wrath |
Tom Joad |
Raymond Massey |
Abe Lincoln in Illinois |
Abraham Lincoln |
Laurence Olivier |
Rebecca |
'Maxim' de Winter |
1941 (14th) |
Gary Cooper![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Sergeant York |
Alvin C. York |
[18] |
Cary Grant |
Penny Serenade |
Roger Adams |
Walter Huston |
The Devil and Daniel Webster |
Mr. Scratch |
Robert Montgomery |
Here Comes Mr. Jordan |
Joe Pendleton |
Orson Welles |
Citizen Kane |
Charles Foster Kane |
1942 (15th) |
James Cagney![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Yankee Doodle Dandy |
George M. Cohan |
[19] |
Ronald Colman |
Random Harvest |
Charles Rainier |
Gary Cooper |
The Pride of the Yankees |
Lou Gehrig |
Walter Pidgeon |
Mrs. Miniver |
Clem Miniver |
Monty Woolley |
The Pied Piper |
Howard |
1943 (16th) |
Paul Lukas![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Watch on the Rhine |
Kurt Muller |
[20] |
Humphrey Bogart |
Casablanca |
Richard "Rick" Blaine |
Gary Cooper |
For Whom the Bell Tolls |
Robert Jordan |
Walter Pidgeon |
Madame Curie |
Pierre Curie |
Mickey Rooney |
The Human Comedy |
Homer Macauley |
1944 (17th) |
Bing Crosby![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Going My Way |
Father Chuck O'Malley |
[21] |
Charles Boyer |
Gaslight |
Gregory Anton |
Barry Fitzgerald |
Going My Way |
Father Fitzgibbon |
Cary Grant |
None but the Lonely Heart |
Ernie Mott |
Alexander Knox |
Wilson |
Woodrow Wilson |
1945 (18th) |
Ray Milland![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Lost Weekend |
Don Birnam |
[22] |
Bing Crosby |
The Bells of St. Mary's |
Father Chuck O'Malley |
Gene Kelly |
Anchors Aweigh |
Joseph Brady |
Gregory Peck |
The Keys of the Kingdom |
Father Francis |
Cornel Wilde |
A Song to Remember |
Frédéric Chopin |
1946 (19th) |
Fredric March![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Best Years of Our Lives |
Al Stephenson |
[22] |
Laurence Olivier |
Henry V |
King Henry V of England |
Larry Parks |
The Jolson Story |
Al Jolson |
Gregory Peck |
The Yearling |
Ezra "Penny" Baxter |
James Stewart |
It's a Wonderful Life |
George Bailey |
1947 (20th) |
Ronald Colman![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
A Double Life |
Anthony John |
[23] |
John Garfield |
Body and Soul |
Charlie Davis |
Gregory Peck |
Gentleman's Agreement |
Philip Schuyler Green |
William Powell |
Life with Father |
Clarence Day, Sr. |
Michael Redgrave |
Mourning Becomes Electra |
Orin Mannon |
1948 (21st) |
Laurence Olivier![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Hamlet |
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark |
[24] |
Lew Ayres |
Johnny Belinda |
Dr. Robert Richardson |
Montgomery Clift |
The Search |
Ralph "Steve" Stevenson |
Dan Dailey |
When My Baby Smiles at Me |
"Skid" Johnson |
Clifton Webb |
Sitting Pretty |
Lynn Aloysius Belvedere |
1949 (22nd) |
Broderick Crawford![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
All the King's Men |
Willie Stark |
[25] |
Kirk Douglas |
Champion |
Michael "Midge" Kelly |
Gregory Peck |
Twelve O'Clock High |
General Savage |
Richard Todd |
The Hasty Heart |
Cpl. Lachlan "Lachie" MacLachlan |
John Wayne |
Sands of Iwo Jima |
Sergeant John M. Stryker |
1950 (23rd) |
José Ferrer![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Cyrano de Bergerac |
Cyrano de Bergerac |
[26] |
Louis Calhern |
The Magnificent Yankee |
Oliver Wendell Holmes |
William Holden |
Sunset Boulevard |
Joe Gillis |
James Stewart |
Harvey |
Elwood P. Dowd |
Spencer Tracy |
Father of the Bride |
Stanley T. Banks |
1951 (24th) |
Humphrey Bogart![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The African Queen |
Charlie Allnut |
[27] |
Marlon Brando |
A Streetcar Named Desire |
Stanley Kowalski |
Montgomery Clift |
A Place in the Sun |
George Eastman |
Arthur Kennedy |
Bright Victory |
Larry Nevins |
Fredric March |
Death of a Salesman |
Willy Loman |
1952 (25th) |
Gary Cooper![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
High Noon |
Marshal Will Kane |
[28] |
Marlon Brando |
Viva Zapata! |
Emiliano Zapata |
Kirk Douglas |
The Bad and the Beautiful |
Jonathan Shields |
José Ferrer |
Moulin Rouge |
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec The Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec |
Alec Guinness |
The Lavender Hill Mob |
Henry Holland |
1953 (26th) |
William Holden![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Stalag 17 |
Sgt. J.J. Sefton |
[29] |
Marlon Brando |
Julius Caesar |
Mark Antony |
Richard Burton |
The Robe |
Marcellus Gallio |
Montgomery Clift |
From Here to Eternity |
Pvt. Robert E. Lee 'Prew' Prewitt |
Burt Lancaster |
From Here to Eternity |
1st Sgt. Milton Warden |
1954 (27th) |
Marlon Brando![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
On the Waterfront |
Terry Malloy |
[30] |
Humphrey Bogart |
The Caine Mutiny |
Lt. Cmdr. Philip Francis Queeg |
Bing Crosby |
The Country Girl |
Frank Elgin |
James Mason |
A Star Is Born |
Norman Maine |
Dan O'Herlihy |
Adventures of Robinson Crusoe |
Robinson Crusoe |
1955 (28th) |
Ernest Borgnine![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Marty |
Marty Piletti |
[31] |
James Cagney |
Love Me or Leave Me |
Martin Snyder |
James Dean (posthumous nomination) |
East of Eden |
Cal Trask |
Frank Sinatra |
The Man with the Golden Arm |
Frankie Machine |
Spencer Tracy |
Bad Day at Black Rock |
John J. Macreedy |
1956 (29th) |
Yul Brynner![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The King and I |
King Mongkut of Siam |
[32] |
James Dean (posthumous nomination) |
Giant |
Jett Rink |
Kirk Douglas |
Lust for Life |
Vincent van Gogh |
Rock Hudson |
Giant |
Jordan "Bick" Benedict Jr. |
Laurence Olivier |
Richard III |
King Richard III of England |
1957 (30th) |
Alec Guinness![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Bridge on the River Kwai |
Colonel Nicholson |
[33] |
Marlon Brando |
Sayonara |
Major Lloyd "Ace" Gruver, USAF |
Anthony Franciosa |
A Hatful of Rain |
Polo Pope |
Charles Laughton |
Witness for the Prosecution |
Sir Wilfrid Robarts |
Anthony Quinn |
Wild Is the Wind |
Gino |
1958 (31st) |
David Niven![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Separate Tables |
Major Angus Pollock |
[34] |
Tony Curtis |
The Defiant Ones |
John 'Joker' Jackson |
Paul Newman |
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof |
Brick Pollitt |
Sidney Poitier |
The Defiant Ones |
Noah Cullen |
Spencer Tracy |
The Old Man and the Sea |
The Old Man |
1959 (32nd) |
Charlton Heston![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Ben-Hur |
Judah Ben-Hur |
[35] |
Laurence Harvey |
Room at the Top |
Joe Lampton |
Jack Lemmon |
Some Like It Hot |
Jerry |
Paul Muni |
The Last Angry Man |
Dr. Sam Abelman |
James Stewart |
Anatomy of a Murder |
Paul Biegler |
1960 (33rd) |
Burt Lancaster![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Elmer Gantry |
Elmer Gantry |
[36] |
Trevor Howard |
Sons and Lovers |
Walter Morel |
Jack Lemmon |
The Apartment |
C. C. "Bud" Baxter |
Laurence Olivier |
The Entertainer |
Archie Rice |
Spencer Tracy |
Inherit the Wind |
Henry Drummond |
1961 (34th) |
Maximilian Schell![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Judgment at Nuremberg |
Hans Rolfe |
[37] |
Charles Boyer |
Fanny |
Cesar |
Paul Newman |
The Hustler |
Eddie Felson |
Spencer Tracy |
Judgment at Nuremberg |
Chief Judge Dan Haywood |
Stuart Whitman |
The Mark |
Jim Fuller |
1962 (35th) |
Gregory Peck![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
To Kill a Mockingbird |
Atticus Finch |
[38] |
Burt Lancaster |
Birdman of Alcatraz |
Robert Franklin Stroud |
Jack Lemmon |
Days of Wine and Roses |
Joe Clay |
Marcello Mastroianni |
Divorce, Italian Style |
Ferdinando Cefalù |
Peter O'Toole |
Lawrence of Arabia |
T. E. Lawrence |
1963 (36th) |
Sidney Poitier![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Lilies of the Field |
Homer Smith |
[39] |
Albert Finney |
Tom Jones |
Tom Jones |
Richard Harris |
This Sporting Life |
Frank Machin |
Rex Harrison |
Cleopatra |
Julius Caesar |
Paul Newman |
Hud |
Hud Bannon |
1964 (37th) |
Rex Harrison![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
My Fair Lady |
Professor Henry Higgins |
[40] |
Richard Burton |
Becket |
Thomas Becket |
Peter O'Toole |
Becket |
King Henry II of England |
Anthony Quinn |
Zorba the Greek |
Alexis Zorba |
Peter Sellers |
Dr. Strangelove |
Group Captain Lionel Mandrake President Merkin Muffley Dr. Strangelove |
1965 (38th) |
Lee Marvin![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Cat Ballou |
Kid Shelleen Tim Strawn |
[41] |
Richard Burton |
The Spy Who Came in from the Cold |
Alec Leamas |
Laurence Olivier |
Othello |
Othello |
Rod Steiger |
The Pawnbroker |
Sol Nazerman |
Oskar Werner |
Ship of Fools |
Willie Schumann |
1966 (39th) |
Paul Scofield![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
A Man for All Seasons |
Sir Thomas More |
[42] |
Alan Arkin |
The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming |
Lt. Rozanov |
Richard Burton |
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? |
George |
Michael Caine |
Alfie |
Alfie Elkins |
Steve McQueen |
The Sand Pebbles |
Jake Holman |
1967 (40th) |
Rod Steiger![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
In the Heat of the Night |
Police Chief Bill Gillespie |
[43] |
Warren Beatty |
Bonnie and Clyde |
Clyde Barrow |
Dustin Hoffman |
The Graduate |
Benjamin Braddock |
Paul Newman |
Cool Hand Luke |
Lucas "Cool Hand Luke" Jackson |
Spencer Tracy (posthumous nomination) |
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner |
Matt Drayton |
1968 (41st) |
Cliff Robertson![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Charly |
Charly Gordon |
[44] |
Alan Arkin |
The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter |
John Singer |
Alan Bates |
The Fixer |
Yakov Bok |
Ron Moody |
Oliver! |
Fagin |
Peter O'Toole |
The Lion in Winter |
King Henry II of England |
1969 (42nd) |
John Wayne![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
True Grit |
Rooster Cogburn |
[45] |
Richard Burton |
Anne of the Thousand Days |
King Henry VIII of England |
Dustin Hoffman |
Midnight Cowboy |
Enrico Salvatore "Ratso" "Rico" Rizzo |
Peter O'Toole |
Goodbye, Mr. Chips |
Arthur Chipping |
Jon Voight |
Midnight Cowboy |
Joe Buck |
1970 (43rd) |
George C. Scott![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Patton |
General George S. Patton, Jr. |
[46] |
Melvyn Douglas |
I Never Sang for My Father |
Tom Garrison |
James Earl Jones |
The Great White Hope |
Jack Jefferson |
Jack Nicholson |
Five Easy Pieces |
Robert Eroica Dupea |
Ryan O'Neal |
Love Story |
Oliver Barrett IV |
1971 (44th) |
Gene Hackman![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The French Connection |
Detective Jimmy "Popeye" Doyle |
[47] |
Peter Finch |
Sunday Bloody Sunday |
Dr. Daniel Hirsh |
Walter Matthau |
Kotch |
Joseph P. Kotcher |
George C. Scott |
The Hospital |
Dr. Herbert Bock |
Chaim Topol |
Fiddler on the Roof |
Tevye |
1972 (45th) |
Marlon Brando![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Godfather |
Vito Corleone |
[48] |
Michael Caine |
Sleuth |
Milo Tindle |
Laurence Olivier |
Sleuth |
Andrew Wyke |
Peter O'Toole |
The Ruling Class |
Jack Gurney, 14th Earl of Gurney |
Paul Winfield |
Sounder |
Nathan Lee Morgan |
1973 (46th) |
Jack Lemmon![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Save the Tiger |
Harry Stoner |
[49] |
Marlon Brando |
Last Tango in Paris |
Paul |
Jack Nicholson |
The Last Detail |
Signalman First Class Billy L. "Badass" Buddusky |
Al Pacino |
Serpico |
Frank "Paco" Serpico |
Robert Redford |
The Sting |
Johnny "Kelly" Hooker |
1974 (47th) |
Art Carney![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Harry and Tonto |
Harry Coombes |
[50] |
Albert Finney |
Murder on the Orient Express |
Hercule Poirot |
Dustin Hoffman |
Lenny |
Lenny Bruce |
Jack Nicholson |
Chinatown |
J. J. "Jake" Gittes |
Al Pacino |
The Godfather Part II |
Michael Corleone |
1975 (48th) |
Jack Nicholson![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest |
Randle Patrick "Mac" McMurphy |
[51] |
Walter Matthau |
The Sunshine Boys |
Willy Clark |
Al Pacino |
Dog Day Afternoon |
Sonny Wortzik |
Maximilian Schell |
The Man in the Glass Booth |
Arthur Goldman |
James Whitmore |
Give 'em Hell, Harry! |
Harry S. Truman |
1976 (49th) |
Peter Finch (posthumous win) |
Network |
Howard Beale |
[52] |
Robert De Niro |
Taxi Driver |
Travis Bickle |
Giancarlo Giannini |
Seven Beauties |
Pasqualino Frafuso |
William Holden |
Network |
Max Schumacher |
Sylvester Stallone |
Rocky |
Rocky Balboa |
1977 (50th) |
Richard Dreyfuss |
The Goodbye Girl |
Elliot Garfield |
[53] |
Woody Allen |
Annie Hall |
Alvy Singer |
Richard Burton |
Equus |
Martin Dysart |
Marcello Mastroianni |
A Special Day |
Gabriele |
John Travolta |
Saturday Night Fever |
Anthony "Tony" Manero |
1978 (51st) |
Jon Voight |
Coming Home |
Luke Martin |
[54] |
Warren Beatty |
Heaven Can Wait |
Joe Pendleton |
Gary Busey |
The Buddy Holly Story |
Buddy Holly |
Robert De Niro |
The Deer Hunter |
Michael Vronsky |
Laurence Olivier |
The Boys from Brazil |
Ezra Lieberman |
1979 (52nd) |
Dustin Hoffman |
Kramer vs. Kramer |
Ted Kramer |
[55] |
Jack Lemmon |
The China Syndrome |
Jack Godell |
Al Pacino |
...And Justice for All |
Arthur Kirkland |
Roy Scheider |
All That Jazz |
Joe Gideon |
Peter Sellers |
Being There |
Chance the Gardener, aka Chauncey Gardiner |
1980 (53rd) |
Robert De Niro |
Raging Bull |
Jake LaMotta |
[56] |
Robert Duvall |
The Great Santini |
Lieutenant Colonel Wilbur "Bull" Meechum |
John Hurt |
The Elephant Man |
John Merrick |
Jack Lemmon |
Tribute |
Scottie Templeton |
Peter O'Toole |
The Stunt Man |
Eli Cross |
1981 (54th) |
Henry Fonda |
On Golden Pond |
Norman Thayer, Jr. |
[57] |
Warren Beatty |
Reds |
John Silas "Jack" Reed |
Burt Lancaster |
Atlantic City |
Lou Pascal |
Dudley Moore |
Arthur |
Arthur Bach |
Paul Newman |
Absence of Malice |
Michael Colin Gallagher |
1982 (55th) |
Ben Kingsley |
Gandhi |
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi |
[58] |
Dustin Hoffman |
Tootsie |
Michael Dorsey, aka Dorothy Michaels |
Jack Lemmon |
Missing |
Ed Horman |
Paul Newman |
The Verdict |
Frank Galvin |
Peter O'Toole |
My Favorite Year |
Alan Swann |
1983 (56th) |
Robert Duvall |
Tender Mercies |
Mac Sledge |
[59] |
Michael Caine |
Educating Rita |
Dr. Frank Bryant |
Tom Conti |
Reuben, Reuben |
Gowan McGland |
Tom Courtenay |
The Dresser |
Norman |
Albert Finney |
The Dresser |
Sir |
1984 (57th) |
F. Murray Abraham |
Amadeus |
Antonio Salieri |
[60] |
Jeff Bridges |
Starman |
Starman |
Albert Finney |
Under the Volcano |
Geoffrey Firmin |
Tom Hulce |
Amadeus |
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart |
Sam Waterston |
The Killing Fields |
Sydney Schanberg |
1985 (58th) |
William Hurt |
Kiss of the Spider Woman |
Luis Molina |
[61] |
Harrison Ford |
Witness |
Detective Captain John Book |
James Garner |
Murphy's Romance |
Murphy Jones |
Jack Nicholson |
Prizzi's Honor |
Charley Partanna |
Jon Voight |
Runaway Train |
Oscar "Manny" Manheim |
1986 (59th) |
Paul Newman![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Color of Money |
Fast Eddie Felson |
[62] |
Dexter Gordon |
Round Midnight |
Dale Turner |
Bob Hoskins |
Mona Lisa |
George |
William Hurt |
Children of a Lesser God |
James Leeds |
James Woods |
Salvador |
Richard Boyle |
1987 (60th) |
Michael Douglas![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Wall Street |
Gordon Gekko |
[63] |
William Hurt |
Broadcast News |
Tom Grunick |
Marcello Mastroianni |
Dark Eyes |
Romano |
Jack Nicholson |
Ironweed |
Francis Phelan |
Robin Williams |
Good Morning, Vietnam |
Adrian Cronauer |
1988 (61st) |
Dustin Hoffman![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Rain Man |
Raymond Babbitt, aka Rain Man |
[64] |
Gene Hackman |
Mississippi Burning |
Agent Rupert Anderson |
Tom Hanks |
Big |
Josh Baskin |
Edward James Olmos |
Stand and Deliver |
Jaime Escalante |
Max von Sydow |
Pelle the Conqueror |
Lassefar |
1989 (62nd) |
Daniel Day-Lewis![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
My Left Foot |
Christy Brown |
[65] |
Kenneth Branagh |
Henry V |
King Henry V of England |
Tom Cruise |
Born on the Fourth of July |
Ron Kovic |
Morgan Freeman |
Driving Miss Daisy |
Hoke Colburn |
Robin Williams |
Dead Poets Society |
John Charles "Keats" Keating |
1990 (63rd) |
Jeremy Irons![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Reversal of Fortune |
Claus von Bülow |
[66] |
Kevin Costner |
Dances with Wolves |
Lieutenant John J. Dunbar |
Robert De Niro |
Awakenings |
Leonard Lowe |
Gérard Depardieu |
Cyrano de Bergerac |
Cyrano de Bergerac |
Richard Harris |
The Field |
"Bull" McCabe |
1991 (64th) |
Anthony Hopkins![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Silence of the Lambs |
Dr. Hannibal Lecter |
[67] |
Warren Beatty |
Bugsy |
Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel |
Robert De Niro |
Cape Fear |
Maximilian "Max" Cady |
Nick Nolte |
The Prince of Tides |
Tom Wingo |
Robin Williams |
The Fisher King |
Henry "Parry" Sagan |
1992 (65th) |
Al Pacino![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Scent of a Woman |
Lieutenant Colonel Frank Slade |
[68] |
Robert Downey, Jr. |
Chaplin |
Charlie Chaplin |
Clint Eastwood |
Unforgiven |
William "Will" Munny |
Stephen Rea |
The Crying Game |
Fergus |
Denzel Washington |
Malcolm X |
Malcolm X |
1993 (66th) |
Tom Hanks![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Philadelphia |
Andrew Beckett |
[69] |
Daniel Day-Lewis |
In the Name of the Father |
Gerry Conlon |
Laurence Fishburne |
What's Love Got to Do with It |
Ike Turner |
Anthony Hopkins |
The Remains of the Day |
James Stevens |
Liam Neeson |
Schindler's List |
Oskar Schindler |
1994 (67th) |
Tom Hanks![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Forrest Gump |
Forrest Gump |
[70] |
Morgan Freeman |
The Shawshank Redemption |
Ellis Boyd "Red" Redding |
Nigel Hawthorne |
The Madness of King George |
King George III of the United Kingdom |
Paul Newman |
Nobody's Fool |
Donald "Sully" Sullivan |
John Travolta |
Pulp Fiction |
Vincent Vega |
1995 (68th) |
Nicolas Cage![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Leaving Las Vegas |
Ben Sanderson |
[71] |
Richard Dreyfuss |
Mr. Holland's Opus |
Glenn Holland |
Anthony Hopkins |
Nixon |
Richard Nixon |
Sean Penn |
Dead Man Walking |
Matthew Poncelet |
Massimo Troisi (posthumous nomination) |
Il Postino |
Mario Ruoppolo |
1996 (69th) |
Geoffrey Rush![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Shine |
David Helfgott |
[72] |
Tom Cruise |
Jerry Maguire |
Jerry Maguire |
Ralph Fiennes |
The English Patient |
Count Laszlo de Almásy |
Woody Harrelson |
The People vs. Larry Flynt |
Larry Flynt |
Billy Bob Thornton |
Sling Blade |
Karl Childers |
1997 (70th) |
Jack Nicholson![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
As Good as It Gets |
Melvin Udall |
[73] |
Matt Damon |
Good Will Hunting |
Will Hunting |
Robert Duvall |
The Apostle |
Euliss "Sonny" Dewey, aka The Apostle E.F. |
Peter Fonda |
Ulee's Gold |
Ulysses "Ulee" Jackson |
Dustin Hoffman |
Wag the Dog |
Stanley Motss |
1998 (71st) |
Roberto Benigni![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Life Is Beautiful |
Guido Orefice |
[74] |
Tom Hanks |
Saving Private Ryan |
Captain John Miller |
Ian McKellen |
Gods and Monsters |
James Whale |
Nick Nolte |
Affliction |
Wade Whitehouse |
Edward Norton |
American History X |
Derek Vinyard |
1999 (72nd) |
Kevin Spacey![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
American Beauty |
Lester Burnham |
[75] |
Russell Crowe |
The Insider |
Jeffrey Wigand |
Richard Farnsworth |
The Straight Story |
Alvin Straight |
Sean Penn |
Sweet and Lowdown |
Emmet Ray |
Denzel Washington |
The Hurricane |
Rubin "The Hurricane" Carter |
2000 (73rd) |
Russell Crowe![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Gladiator |
Maximus Decimus Meridius |
[76] |
Javier Bardem |
Before Night Falls |
Reinaldo Arenas |
Tom Hanks |
Cast Away |
Chuck Noland |
Ed Harris |
Pollock |
Jackson Pollock |
Geoffrey Rush |
Quills |
The Marquis de Sade |
2001 (74th) |
Denzel Washington![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Training Day |
Detective Alonzo Harris |
[77] |
Russell Crowe |
A Beautiful Mind |
John Forbes Nash, Jr. |
Sean Penn |
I Am Sam |
Sam Dawson |
Will Smith |
Ali |
Muhammad Ali |
Tom Wilkinson |
In the Bedroom |
Dr. Matthew Fowler |
2002 (75th) |
Adrien Brody![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Pianist |
Władysław Szpilman |
[78] |
Nicolas Cage |
Adaptation. |
Charlie Kaufman Donald Kaufman |
Michael Caine |
The Quiet American |
Thomas Fowler |
Daniel Day-Lewis |
Gangs of New York |
William "Bill the Butcher" Cutting |
Jack Nicholson |
About Schmidt |
Warren R. Schmidt |
2003 (76th) |
Sean Penn![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Mystic River |
Jimmy Markum |
[79] |
Johnny Depp |
Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl |
Captain Jack Sparrow |
Ben Kingsley |
House of Sand and Fog |
Massoud Amir Behrani |
Jude Law |
Cold Mountain |
W. P. Inman |
Bill Murray |
Lost in Translation |
Bob Harris |
2004 (77th) |
Jamie Foxx![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Ray |
Ray Charles |
[80] |
Don Cheadle |
Hotel Rwanda |
Paul Rusesabagina |
Johnny Depp |
Finding Neverland |
J. M. Barrie |
Leonardo DiCaprio |
The Aviator |
Howard Hughes |
Clint Eastwood |
Million Dollar Baby |
Frankie Dunn |
2005 (78th) |
Philip Seymour Hoffman![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Capote |
Truman Capote |
[81] |
Terrence Howard |
Hustle & Flow |
Djay |
Heath Ledger |
Brokeback Mountain |
Ennis Del Mar |
Joaquin Phoenix |
Walk the Line |
Johnny Cash |
David Strathairn |
Good Night, and Good Luck |
Edward R. Murrow |
2006 (79th) |
Forest Whitaker![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Last King of Scotland |
Idi Amin |
[82] |
Leonardo DiCaprio |
Blood Diamond |
Danny Archer |
Ryan Gosling |
Half Nelson |
Dan Dunne |
Peter O'Toole |
Venus |
Maurice |
Will Smith |
The Pursuit of Happyness |
Chris Gardner |
2007 (80th) |
Daniel Day-Lewis![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
There Will Be Blood |
Daniel Plainview |
[83] |
George Clooney |
Michael Clayton |
Michael Clayton |
Johnny Depp |
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street |
Benjamin Barker, aka Sweeney Todd |
Tommy Lee Jones |
In the Valley of Elah |
Hank Deerfield |
Viggo Mortensen |
Eastern Promises |
Nikolai Luzhin |
2008 (81st) |
Sean Penn![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Milk |
Harvey Milk |
[84] |
Richard Jenkins |
The Visitor |
Walter Vale |
Frank Langella |
Frost/Nixon |
Richard Nixon |
Brad Pitt |
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button |
Benjamin Button |
Mickey Rourke |
The Wrestler |
Randy "The Ram" Robinson |
2009 (82nd) |
Jeff Bridges![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Crazy Heart |
Otis "Bad" Blake |
[85] |
George Clooney |
Up in the Air |
Ryan Bingham |
Colin Firth |
A Single Man |
George Falconer |
Morgan Freeman |
Invictus |
Nelson Mandela |
Jeremy Renner |
The Hurt Locker |
Sergeant First Class William James |
2010 (83rd) |
Colin Firth![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The King's Speech |
King George VI |
[86] |
Javier Bardem |
Biutiful |
Uxbal |
Jeff Bridges |
True Grit |
Rooster Cogburn |
Jesse Eisenberg |
The Social Network |
Mark Zuckerberg |
James Franco |
127 Hours |
Aron Ralston |
2011 (84th) |
Jean Dujardin![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
The Artist |
George Valentin |
[87] |
Demián Bichir |
A Better Life |
Carlos Galindo |
George Clooney |
The Descendants |
Matt King |
Gary Oldman |
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy |
George Smiley |
Brad Pitt |
Moneyball |
Billy Beane |
2012 (85th) |
Daniel Day-Lewis![Award winner](/2014-wikipedia_en_all_02_2014/I/media/D/o/u/b/Double-dagger-14-plain.png) |
Lincoln |
Abraham Lincoln |
[88] |
Bradley Cooper |
Silver Linings Playbook |
Patrick "Pat" Solitano, Jr. |
Hugh Jackman |
Les Misérables |
Jean Valjean |
Joaquin Phoenix |
The Master |
Freddie Quell |
Denzel Washington |
Flight |
Captain William "Whip" Whitaker |
2013 (86th) |
Christian Bale |
American Hustle |
Irving Rosenfeld |
Bruce Dern |
Nebraska |
Woodrow "Woody" T. Grant |
Leonardo DiCaprio |
The Wolf of Wall Street |
Jordan Belfort |
Chiwetel Ejiofor |
12 Years a Slave |
Solomon Northup |
Matthew McConaughey |
Dallas Buyers Club |
Ron Woodroof |
Multiple wins/nominations
Number |
Actor |
Wins |
3 |
Daniel Day-Lewis |
2 |
Marlon Brando |
Gary Cooper |
Tom Hanks |
Dustin Hoffman |
Fredric March |
Jack Nicholson |
Sean Penn |
Spencer Tracy |
Nominations |
9 |
Laurence Olivier |
Spencer Tracy |
8 |
Paul Newman |
Jack Nicholson |
Peter O'Toole |
7 |
Marlon Brando |
Dustin Hoffman |
Jack Lemmon |
6 |
Richard Burton |
5 |
Gary Cooper |
Daniel Day-Lewis |
Robert De Niro |
Tom Hanks |
Fredric March |
Paul Muni |
Al Pacino |
Gregory Peck |
Sean Penn |
James Stewart |
4 |
Warren Beatty |
Charles Boyer |
Michael Caine |
Albert Finney |
Burt Lancaster |
Denzel Washington |
3 |
Humphrey Bogart |
Jeff Bridges |
James Cagney |
Montgomery Clift |
George Clooney |
Ronald Colman |
Bing Crosby |
Russell Crowe |
Johnny Depp |
Leonardo DiCaprio |
Kirk Douglas |
Robert Duvall |
Morgan Freeman |
Clark Gable |
William Holden |
Anthony Hopkins |
William Hurt |
Charles Laughton |
Marcello Mastroianni |
William Powell |
Jon Voight |
Robin Williams |
2 |
Alan Arkin |
Javier Bardem |
Nicolas Cage |
Tom Cruise |
James Dean |
Richard Dreyfuss |
Clint Eastwood |
José Ferrer |
Peter Finch |
Colin Firth |
Henry Fonda |
Cary Grant |
Alec Guinness |
Gene Hackman |
Richard Harris |
Rex Harrison |
Leslie Howard |
Walter Huston |
Ben Kingsley |
Walter Matthau |
Robert Montgomery |
Nick Nolte |
Walter Pidgeon |
Brad Pitt |
Sidney Poitier |
Anthony Quinn |
Mickey Rooney |
Joaquin Phoenix |
Geoffrey Rush |
Maximilian Schell |
George C. Scott |
Peter Sellers |
Will Smith |
Rod Steiger |
John Travolta |
John Wayne |
Age superlatives
See also
Notes
- A^ : Rules at the time of the first three ceremonies allowed for a performer to receive a single nomination which could honor their work in more than one film. George Arliss, Maurice Chevalier, and Ronald Colman were all nominated for two different roles in the same category. Current Academy rules forbid this from happening. No official reason was ever given as to why Arliss won the award for only one of the two films he was listed for.[89]
- B1 2 : Fredric March received one more vote than Wallace Beery. Academy rules at that time considered such a close margin to be a tie, so both March and Beery received the award. Under current Academy rules, however, dual awards are given only for exact ties.[90]
- C^ : Paul Muni's performance in Black Fury was not nominated for an Oscar. For two years only, the Academy allowed a write-in vote.[91][92] Technically, this meant that any performance was eligible for the award. The decision was made the previous year in response to the controversy surrounding Bette Davis's failure to receive a nomination for Of Human Bondage. Muni came 2nd in the vote, however, the Academy does not recognise Davis or Muni as nominees in these years.[93][94]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Rule One: Award Definitions". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Rule Six: Special Rules for the Acting Awards". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Levy 2003, p. 56
- ↑ Dirks, Tim. "1929–38 Academy Awards Winners and History". Filmsite (Rainbow Media). Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ↑ Martin, Monique (February 2, 2010). "History of the Best Actor Category of the Academy Awards". Associated Content (Yahoo!). Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Rule Two: Eligibility". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Retrieved August 29, 2013.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Rule Two: The Awards Year and Deadline". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Levy 2003, p. 52
- ↑ "The 4th Academy Awards (1931) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 5th Academy Awards (1932) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 7th Academy Awards (1935) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 8th Academy Awards (1936) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 9th Academy Awards (1937) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 10th Academy Awards (1938) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 11th Academy Awards (1939) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 12th Academy Awards (1940) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 "The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Beverly Hills: AMPAS. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ "The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners". Beverly Hills: oscars.org and Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 27 August 2013.
- ↑ Rooney, David (November 25, 2003). "On the double-bubble". Retrieved August 30, 2013.
- ↑ Levy 2003, p. 116
- ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 1002
- ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 10045
- ↑ Levy 2003, p. 51
- ↑ Wiley & Bona 1996, p. 65
Bibliography
- Wiley, Mason; Bona, Damien (1996), Inside Oscar: The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards (5 ed.), New York, United States: Ballantine Books, ISBN 0-345-40053-4, OCLC 779680732
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